Internet of Things – RealTime Sample
1. A greenhouse in a rural region needs an IoT-based solution to maintain optimal plant
growth by monitoring and controlling temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light
intensity. Internet access is limited, so the design must be energy-efficient and
support remote monitoring. Propose a suitable physical design including sensors,
microcontroller, communication module, and power source. Illustrate your design with
a labeled block diagram.
2. A telecom company experiences delays and higher costs when deploying network
services due to heavy dependence on dedicated hardware like firewalls and routers.
Explain how Network Function Virtualization (NFV) can resolve this. Define NFV,
describe its architecture components, and explain how it improves speed, cost
efficiency, and scalability in service deployment.
3. In a gated housing community, smart locks are installed to strengthen security and
streamline access control. Each lock sends status updates only when opened or
closed, and these updates are shared with a central dashboard, security staff,
residents, and maintenance services. Recommend the most appropriate
communication model (Request-Response, Publish-Subscribe, or Push-Pull) for this
system and justify your choice considering timeliness, scalability, efficiency, and
support for multiple subscribers.
4. A farmer wants to increase crop yield while conserving water and reducing pest
damage. Design a smart agriculture IoT system using soil moisture sensors, weather
APIs, and automated irrigation. Present the system architecture, mentioning sensors,
communication protocols, cloud services, and analytics tools. Explain how real-time
data enables intelligent irrigation, pest control, and seasonal adaptability based on
rainfall forecasts and soil conditions.
5. Your enterprise manages thousands of network devices across global branches.
Manual CLI-based configurations have led to downtime, inconsistency, and audit
issues. The organization decides to adopt a NETCONF-YANG-based model-driven
configuration management system. Design a framework supporting multi-vendor
devices, real-time updates, rollbacks, version control, and policy enforcement. Justify
how NETCONF and YANG improve scalability, reliability, and efficiency compared to
CLI approaches.
6. A university campus with several departments maintains separate labs, servers, and
IoT systems. The current infrastructure relies heavily on physical devices like routers
and firewalls, resulting in high maintenance, poor scalability, and inconsistent
configurations. Propose how Software-Defined Networking (SDN) can address these
issues, focusing on automation, policy enforcement, scalability, and reduced
operational overhead.
7. A city plans to deploy a Smart Traffic Monitoring System at major intersections to
improve traffic flow and safety. The system will use cameras, speed sensors, local
gateways for real-time processing, and a centralized cloud for trend analysis and
planning. Suggest the most suitable IoT deployment level for this system and justify
your choice. Identify five sensors and five actuators that could be used, and explain
their roles. Finally, describe how analyzing the collected data leads to actionable
insights for city planners.
8. A company introduces ElderCare Connect, an IoT solution for elderly individuals
living independently. Features include motion detection, environmental monitoring,
smart medication dispensers, emergency alert buttons, and a caregiver mobile app.
Explain the IoT design methodology the company should follow to develop this
product, highlighting each phase and its critical considerations. Identify one
interaction that represents Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication and another
that demonstrates the broader IoT paradigm, explaining the difference in context.
