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Question 1
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In a database, what is the purpose of the COMMIT statement in a transaction?

a. Roll back the changes made during transaction.

b. Save the changes made during the transaction.
c. Lock the database for exclusive access.
d. Retrieve data from the database.
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Question 2
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In the context of SQL implementation in programming, what does ORM stand for?

a. Object-Relational Mapping
b. Object-Refactoring Model
c. Object-Relationship Model
d. Object-Resource Mapping
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Question 3
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Which SQL command is used to define a primary key for a table?

a. ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2, ...)

b. CREATE CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2, ...)
c. ALTER CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2, ...)
d. DEFINE CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2, ...)
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Question 4
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What happens when the MODIFY COLUMN clause in the ALTER TABLE statement is used?

a. Adds a new column to the table

b. Removes a column from the table
c. Changes the table's name
d. Modifies the data type of an existing column
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Question 5
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What distinguishes a conceptual data model from a physical data model?

a. Conceptual models focus on implementation details, while physical models abstract real-world concepts.
b. Conceptual models describe how data is stored in databases, while physical models capture real-world relationships.
c. Conceptual models represent real-world concepts, while physical models detail the database implementation.
d. Conceptual models and physical models are interchangeable terms in data modeling.
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Question 6
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What role does documentation play in the Waterfall model?

a. It serves as the primary deliverable

b. It is considered secondary to code
c. It is generated after project completion
d. It is not required in sequential development.
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Question 7
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How does integrating automation tools into database maintenance routines improve efficiency?

a. By organizing maintenance tasks alphabetically for easier execution.

b. By generating automated reports without human intervention
c. By summarizing database performance metrics manually
d. By corresponding maintenance schedules with public holidays
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Question 8
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When altering a table, what is the purpose of the DROP COLUMN clause?

a. Remove all columns from a table

b. Add a new column to a table
c. Delete a specific column from a table
d. Change the data type of a column
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Question 9
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The DATE data type stores only the date part without the time information. Is the statement TRUE or FALSE?

a. TRUE
b. FALSE
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Question 10
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How can data redundancy impact the reliability of a database system?

a. It enhances database reliability

b. It has no effect on database reliability
c. It increases the risk of data inconsistency and errors
d. It simplifies data recovery processes
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Question 11
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Which type of database transactions involves multiple independent operations that are treated as a single unit?

a. Nested Transactions
b. Distributed Transactions
c. Parallel Transactions
d. Composite Transactions
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Question 12
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What is a nested SELECT statement in SQL?

a. A SELECT statement that retrieves all columns from a table.

b. A SELECT statement used within another SELECT statement.
c. A SELECT statement that involves multiple JOIN operations.
d. A SELECT statement that retrieves distinct values from a column.
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Question 13
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What type of database programming involves defining the structure of the database, such as tables and relationships?

a. Data Manipulation
b. Data Querying
c. Data Definition
d. Data Transaction
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Question 14
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How would you apply strategies for database alterations and maintenance to enhance database performance?

a. By creating duplicate indexes on frequently queried columns.

b. By regularly running database consistency checks.
c. By increasing the size of database backups without monitoring disk space.
d. By ignoring outdated software updates related to the database system.
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Question 15
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How does the use of a foreign key constraint contribute to maintaining referential integrity in a relational data model?

a. A foreign key constraint allows null values in referencing columns.

b. A foreign key constraint prevents relationships between tables.
c. A foreign key constraint ensures that values in a referencing column match those in the referenced primary key.
d. A foreign key constraint is irrelevant to referential integrity.
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Question 16
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What is the primary function of a Connection Pool in the context of Database APIs?

a. Manages and optimizes database connections

b. Stores database backup files
c. Creates virtual copies of the database
d. Controls the access permissions of database users
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Question 17
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What technique is used to merge multiple databases into a single logical unit for easier management?

a. Database mirroring
b. Data partitioning
c. Database clustering
d. Data archiving
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Question 18
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Which technique is crucial for maintaining database performance during alterations?

a. Query optimization
b. Data migration
c. Database replication
d. Data deduplication
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Question 19
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What is the role of a database view in a physical data model?

a. Representing a physical storage structure

b. Storing query results to improve performance
c. Defining complex relationships between tables
d. Normalizing data structures
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Question 20
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Views are used to ______

a. store data.
b. create indexes.
c. simplify queries.
d. cluster data.
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Question 21
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Which query is used to add a new column named "status" to an existing table called "orders"?

a. ALTER TABLE orders ADD COLUMN status VARCHAR(50)

b. ADD COLUMN status TO orders
c. UPDATE TABLE orders ADD status VARCHAR(50)
d. ALTER COLUMN status IN orders ADD VARCHAR(50)
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Question 22
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Which SQL operator compares a value against a list of literal values?

a. =
b. <
c. IN
d. BETWEEN
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Question 23
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Which SQL statement is used to create a copy of an existing table?

a. COPY
b. CLONE
c. CREATE
d. DUPLICATE
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Question 24
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In an ER diagram, what does the term "optional participation" mean?

a. Indicating that every entity in the superclass must participate in the subtype
b. Describing the degree of participation of entities in a relationship
c. Ensuring referential integrity
d. Specifying the order of records in a table
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Question 25
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The SQL UPDATE statement is used to insert new records into a table. Is the statement TRUE or FALSE?

a. TRUE
b. FALSE
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Question 26
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What is the role of the JDBC DriverManager in a Java application?

a. Managing database connections and pooling

b. Executing SQL queries
c. Defining the structure of a Java database
d. Handling exceptions related to JDBC operations
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Question 27
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Which strategy is essential for maintaining data integrity during database alterations?

a. Data summarization
b. Constraint enforcement
c. Data deduplication
d. Database replication
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Question 28
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The SQL data type used for storing integers with a small range is:

a. INT
b. BIGINT
c. MEDIUMINT
d. SMALLINT
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Question 29
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How does the Waterfall model facilitate project monitoring and control?

a. Through continuous integration

b. Through regular feedback loops
c. Through phase-based milestones
d. Through dynamic resource allocation
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Question 30
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A relation in Third Normal Form (3NF) is always in Second Normal Form (2NF). Is the statement TRUE or FALSE?

a. TRUE
b. FALSE
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Question 31
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The statement to update the "price" column to 0 for all records in a table named "products" with a "quantity" less than 10 is:

a. UPDATE products SET price = 0 WHERE quantity < 10

b. MODIFY products SET price = 0 WHERE quantity < 10
c. CHANGE products SET price = 0 WHERE quantity < 10
d. INCREMENT products SET price = 0 WHERE quantity < 10
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Question 32
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What is the primary focus of a Data Engineer in the context of databases?

a. Designing and maintaining database systems

b. Developing algorithms for data analysis
c. Designing and building data pipelines and infrastructure
d. Creating user interfaces for database applications
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Question 33
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How does a Database Auditor contribute to the security of a database system?

a. By managing and maintaining the database system

b. By designing network architectures with a focus on encryption
c. By conducting audits and ensuring compliance with security policies
d. By creating data visualizations for security reports
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Question 34
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Which operator performs pattern matching by using wildcard characters?

a. =
b. <>
c. LIKE
d. IN
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Question 35
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In an ER diagram, what does the term "transitive dependency" refer to?

a. A many-to-many relationship
b. An attribute that depends on another attribute
c. A relationship that connects three entities
d. A dependency between two non-key attributes through another non-key attribute
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Question 36
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Decomposition in the context of normalization refers to:

a. Combining two tables into one

b. Breaking down a higher normal form table into multiple tables
c. Creating a view from existing tables
d. Adding redundancy to a database
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Question 37
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In Embedded SQL, what is the purpose of the EXEC SQL statement?

a. Execute a stored procedure

b. Execute an SQL statement
c. Execute a shell command
d. Execute a loop in the program
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Question 38
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What is a stored procedure in the context of database programming?

a. A query that retrieves data from multiple tables

b. A precompiled collection of one or more SQL statements
c. An index on a specific column
d. A constraint that ensures data integrity
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Question 39
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Which interface in JDBC is responsible for executing SQL queries and returning results? Ê

a. JDBCConnection Ê
b. Statement Ê
c. ResultSet
d. DatabaseMetaData
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Question 40
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What is the primary advantage of Dynamic SQL over Static SQL?

a. Improved performance of SQL statements

b. Better security in executing SQL statements
c. Flexibility in constructing and executing SQL statements
d. Easier debugging
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