Features of C++
C++ is an extension of the C programming language that introduces powerful features to support
object-oriented programming (OOP). It combines the speed and low-level memory manipulation of C
with modern programming capabilities. Here are the main features of C++:
1. Class
A class is a user-defined data type that acts as a blueprint for creating objects. It groups variables
(data members) and functions (member functions) into one unit.
2. Object
An object is an instance of a class. It represents a real-world entity that holds data and can perform
actions defined in its class.
3. Encapsulation
C++ bundles data and the functions that operate on it within classes. This protects the internal state
of the object from outside interference and misuse.
4. Abstraction
It hides complex implementation details from the user and only shows essential features. This
makes the program simpler and easier to manage.
5. Inheritance
C++ allows one class to inherit the properties and methods of another class. This promotes
reusability and helps build relationships between classes.
6. Polymorphism
C++ supports both compile-time (function and operator overloading) and runtime (virtual functions)
polymorphism. It allows functions or methods to behave differently depending on the context.
7. Reusability
Due to features like classes and inheritance, once a code module (like a class) is written, it can be
reused in different programs with little or no modification.
8. Extensibility
C++ programs are easy to extend. You can add new features or components without disturbing the
existing system, thanks to its modular structure.
9. Strong Type Checking
C++ ensures that variables are used consistently, reducing errors caused by incorrect data types.
10. Speed and Performance
Being derived from C, C++ maintains high execution speed, making it suitable for system/software
development, game engines, and performance-critical applications.
