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Data Engineering Notes Expanded

Data engineering involves designing and managing systems for data collection, storage, and analysis, forming the basis for data science and business intelligence. The data lifecycle includes stages such as collection, storage, processing, and analysis, while modern architectures like data warehouses, lakes, and lakehouses support effective data management. Key tools include Apache Spark, Kafka, and Airflow, with Netflix serving as a case study for utilizing data pipelines for real-time insights.

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3 views2 pages

Data Engineering Notes Expanded

Data engineering involves designing and managing systems for data collection, storage, and analysis, forming the basis for data science and business intelligence. The data lifecycle includes stages such as collection, storage, processing, and analysis, while modern architectures like data warehouses, lakes, and lakehouses support effective data management. Key tools include Apache Spark, Kafka, and Airflow, with Netflix serving as a case study for utilizing data pipelines for real-time insights.

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Introduction to Data Engineering – Detailed Class

Notes

1. Introduction to Data Engineering


Data engineering is the discipline of designing, building, and managing systems that enable the
collection, storage, and analysis of data at scale. It is the foundation upon which data science,
machine learning, and business intelligence rely.

2. Data Lifecycle
The data lifecycle refers to the stages data goes through, from generation to consumption:
• Collection – Gathering raw data from multiple sources such as applications, sensors, or logs.
• Storage – Storing data in databases, data lakes, or warehouses.
• Processing – Cleaning, transforming, and organizing data for use.
• Analysis – Extracting insights using BI tools, SQL queries, or ML models.

3. Data Architectures
Modern organizations rely on structured architectures to manage data effectively:
Architecture Description Use Case
Data Warehouse Centralized repository for structured data. Business reporting & analytics
Data Lake Stores raw, semi-structured, and unstructured data. Big data storage, machine learning
Lakehouse Combines features of warehouses & lakes. Unified analytics platform

4. Data Pipelines
Data pipelines move data from sources to destinations. They can be categorized as:
• Batch Processing – Data is collected over a period and processed in bulk (e.g., daily sales
reports).
• Streaming Processing – Data is ingested and processed in real time (e.g., fraud detection).

5. Tools and Technologies


Popular tools used in data engineering include:
• Apache Spark – Distributed data processing.
• Apache Kafka – Real-time data streaming.
• Airflow – Workflow orchestration.
• Databricks – Unified lakehouse platform.

6. Case Study: Netflix Data Pipeline


Netflix processes billions of events daily to power recommendations, monitor performance, and
optimize streaming. They use data pipelines with Kafka for ingestion, Spark for transformation, and
a data lakehouse for storage. This enables real-time insights and personalization.
7. Summary & Key Takeaways
• Data engineering is the backbone of modern analytics.
• Architectures include warehouses, lakes, and lakehouses.
• Pipelines can be batch or streaming.
• Tools like Spark, Kafka, and Databricks are industry standards.

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