Week 9
Objectives: To develop and execute PL/SQL programs, exploring stored
procedures, control structures, and arithmetic operations for dynamic and
efficient database management.
Queries and their Outputs
1. Implement a stored procedure based on COURSE table.
Query:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE find_course(IN id INT)
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM l1t2 WHERE cno = id;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
CALL find_course(19);
Output:
2. Write a program to print any statement using PL/SQL.
Query:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE print_statement()
BEGIN
SELECT 'This statement is to be printed';
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL print_statement();
Output:
3. Write a program to perform various arithmetic operations in one program.
Query:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE operations()
BEGIN
DECLARE num1 INT DEFAULT 30;
DECLARE num2 INT DEFAULT 10;
DECLARE addResult INT;
DECLARE subResult INT;
DECLARE mulResult INT;
DECLARE divResult FLOAT;
SET addResult = num1 + num2;
SET subResult = num1 - num2;
SET mulResult = num1 * num2;
SET divResult = num1 / num2;
SELECT addResult AS Addition, subResult AS Subtraction, mulResult AS
Multiplication, divResult AS Division;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL operations();
Output:
4. Write a program to find the area of a circle, get radius as an input from the
user.
Query:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE circle_area(IN radius FLOAT)
BEGIN
DECLARE area FLOAT;
SET area = PI() * POWER(radius, 2);
SELECT radius AS Radius, area AS Area;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL circle_area(5);
Output:
5. Write a program in PL/SQL to print 1st 10 numbers.
Query:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE print_numbers()
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 1;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE TempNumbers (Number INT);
WHILE i <= 10 DO
INSERT INTO TempNumbers VALUES (i);
SET i = i + 1;
END WHILE;
SELECT Number FROM TempNumbers;
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE TempNumbers;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL print_numbers();
Output:
6. Write a PL/SQL program to swap to numbers.
Query:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE swap(IN x INT, IN y INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE z INT;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE swapValues (X INT, Y INT);
INSERT INTO swapValues VALUES (x, y);
SET z = x;
SET x = y;
SET y = z;
INSERT INTO swapValues VALUES (x, y);
SELECT * FROM swapValues;
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE swapValues;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL swap(5, 8);
Output:
7. Write a program to print first 7 numbers with a difference of 2 and starting
from 1.
Query:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE print_numbers2()
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 1;
DECLARE j INT DEFAULT 1;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE TempNumbers (Number INT);
WHILE i <= 7 DO
INSERT INTO TempNumbers VALUES (j);
SET i = i + 1;
SET j = j + 2;
END WHILE;
SELECT Number FROM TempNumbers;
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE TempNumbers;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL print_numbers2();
Output:
8. Write a program to print the value of a variable inside and outside a loop
using LOOP WHEN EXIT statement.
Query:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE PrintVariableLoop()
BEGIN
DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 1;
DECLARE message VARCHAR(50);
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE t1 (Message VARCHAR(50));
SET message = CONCAT('Outside the loop: Counter = ', counter);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (message);
loop_label: LOOP
SET message = CONCAT('Inside the loop: Counter = ', counter);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (message);
IF counter >= 5 THEN
LEAVE loop_label;
END IF;
SET counter = counter + 1;
END LOOP;
SET message = CONCAT('Outside the loop (after exit): Counter = ', counter);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (message);
SELECT * FROM t1;
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE t1;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL PrintVariableLoop();
Output:
9. Write a program to print the value of a variable inside and outside a loop
using LOOP EXIT statement.
Query:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE PrintVariableLoop2()
BEGIN
DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 1; DECLARE message VARCHAR(50);
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE t1 (Message VARCHAR(50));
SET message = CONCAT('Outside the loop: Counter = ', counter);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (message);
loop_label: LOOP
SET message = CONCAT('Inside the loop: Counter = ', counter);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (message);
IF counter >= 5 THEN
LEAVE loop_label;
END IF;
SET counter = counter + 1;
END LOOP;
SET message = CONCAT('Outside the loop (after exit): Counter = ', counter);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (message);
SELECT * FROM t1;
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE t1;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL PrintVariableLoop2();
Output:
