7. (@) Statethe relationship between angle of incidence and angle of refraction in the above case. (2020) |. The retractive index of a medium ‘x’ with respect | to a medium 'y is 2/3 and the refractive index of | rmedium’y with respect to medium’7 is 4/3.Find the _ refractiveindexof medium'7 with respect to medium “x. If the speed of light in medium ‘x’ is 3 x 10" ms", » 102.The image of an object formed by a lens is of ‘magnification ~1. If the distance between the object and its image is 60 em, what is the focal length of the Jens? I the object is moved 20 cm towards the lens, where would the image be formed? State reason and also draw a ray diagram in support of your answer. 1412016) () ‘calculate the speed of light in medium 'y. (2020) (ij) | 103.(a) Define focal length of a spherical lens. Study the ray diagram given below and answer the ‘questions that follow : (a) Is the type of lens used converging or diverging ? (b) Ust thee characteristics ofthe image formed. | (© In which position of the object will the ‘magnification be - 1? (2020.0) (fa) How far should an object be placed from a convex Jens of focal length 20 em to obtain its real image at a distance of 30 cm from the lens ? Determine the height of the image if the object is 4 cm tall. i (20190). ‘A real image 2/2" of the size of an object is formed by a convex lens when the object is at a distance of 12. cm from it. Find the focal length of the lens. (Al 2019) State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term | ‘absolute refractive index of a medium and write an expression to relate it with the speed of light in vaccum. (2018)(8) | What is meant by power of a lens? Write its Sl unit. A | student uses a lens of focal length 40 cm and another ‘of -20 cm. Write the nature and power of each lens. | (2018) | (0) A divergent lens has 2 focal length of 30 cm. At what distance should an object of height 5 em from the optical centre of the lens be placed so that its image is formed 15 cm away from the Jens? Find the size of the image also. (© Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in the above situation, wi2016) | 1044 the image formed by a lens for all positions of the ‘object placed in front of tis always virtual, erect and diminished, state the type of the lens. Draw a ray diagram in support of your answer. If the numerical value of focal length of such a lens is 20 cm, find its power in new cartesian sign conventions. (Foreign 2016) E) 105.State the laws of refraction of light. If the speed ‘of light in vacuum is 3 « 10® ms, find the absolute refractive index of a medium in which light travels with a speed of 1.4 x 108% m/s. (Foreign 2015) 4106 State the laws of refraction of light. If the speed of Tight in vacuum is 3 = 10* ms“ find the speed of light in a medium of absolute refractive index 15. (Demmi 2024, AI 2024) (ie) | 107, The image of a candle flame placed at a distance of 40 em from a spherical lens is formed on a screen placed on the other side of the lens at a distance of 40 cm from the lens. Identify the type of lens and write its focal length. What will be the nature of the limage formed if the candle flame is shifted 25cm ee ae aL (Foreign 2014) i) 1100.Draw ray diagrams to show the formation of three _ ‘=m: a 5 marks times magnified (a) real, and (b) virtual image of an | ‘object by a converging lens. Mark the positions of O, F and 2F in each diagram. (12017) (i) | ‘101.{a) Draw a diagram to show the refraction of light | ‘through glass slab and mark angle of refraction _ and the lateral shift suffered by a ray of light | ‘while passing through the slab. (b) If the refractive index of glass for light going from air to glass is 3/2, find the refractive index of ar for light going from glass to air. (02h 2016) | 108. The ability of a medium to refract light is expressed in terms of its optical density. Optical density has a definite connotation. It is not the same as mass density. On comparing two media, the one with the large refractive index is optically denser medium than the other. The other medium with a lower refractive index is optically rarer. Also the speed of light through a given medium is inversely proportional to its optical density. (Determine the speed of light in diamond if the refractive index of diamond with respectto vacuum is 2.42. Speed of light in vacuum is | itis shifted sideways slightly. Draw a labelled ray 3x 10% avs, diagram to illustrate it. (2020) (ii) Refractive indices of glass, water and carbon 111. Draw a ray diagram in each of the following cases to disulphide are 15, 1.33 and 1.62 respectively. show the formationofimage, whenthe objectis placed: If aray of light s incident in these media at the | (i) between optical centre and principal focus of a ‘same angle (say 0), then write the increasing — convex lens. order of the angle of refraction in these media. (i) anywhere in front of a concave lens. (i) The speed of light in glass is 2* 10% m/s and in| (jj at 2F of a convex lens. water is 2.25 x 10" m/s. ‘State the signs and values of magnifications in the (2) Which one of the two is optically denser and | shove mentioned cases () and (i. (2020) (i) why? | se “i (b) A ray of light is incident normally at the water- 1120) ine ing f lass intertace when it enters a thick glass _ 0s container filled with water. What will happen to 2 renin socaict stad : DGive | (0) Write the relationship among the object distance of the entering 2 = SS (U), image distance (v) and the focal length (f)of a a Spherical tens (i) Spherical mirror (i) The absolute refractive indices of water and a (2 An object is placed at a distance of 10 em from eee renee ‘optical centre of a convex lens of focal length Of light in glass is 2 « 10* m/s, find the speed of 5 cok rm faba ry Ueapeasn io sinus iw Hight in () vacuum and (i) water. (2023) Ei) formation ofimagein thiscase _(2020)(G*) 109.Many optical instruments consists of a number ‘of lenses. They are combined to increase the | ‘magnification and sharpness of the image. The net _ ower (P) of the lenses places in contact is given by | the algebraic sum of the powers of the individual | P,P Py | Sra | ect? i “Thisis also tesmed asthe simple additive property ot | iid the focal length ofthis lens is 10 em, the lens eee ee ones is held at a distance of 5 em from the palm, use the power of lens widely used to design lens systems | foaiennids asec ha poate tun atne ‘of cameras, microscopes and telescopes. These lens {113 Rishi went to a palmist to show his palm. The palmist used a special lens for this purpose. (i) State the nature ofthe lens and reason for its use. (i) Where should the palmist place/hold the lens 0 as to have a real and magnified image of an ‘systems can have 2 combination of convex lenses ~— aoe Solano aaa. | 1M. An object is placed at a distance of 60 cm from a (a) What is the nature (convergentAlivergent) of | concave lens of focal length 30 cm. the combination of a convex ens of power +4 (i)._Use lens formula to find the distance of the and a coneave lens of power -2.02 | Jimage from the lens _ {b) Calculate the focal length of a tens of power (i) List four characteristics of the image (nature, -25D. i position, size, erect/inverted) formed by the lens 6) Drawn. cay diagram: te-show the esture:ard't inthis case position of an image formed by a convex lens | (li) Draw ray diagram to justify your answer of pait of power +0.1 D, when an object is placed at a __ (Dethi 2019) (ae) distance of 20cm from its optical centre. = 125.(a) A 5 em tall object is placed perpendicular to oR the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length {c) How is a virtual image formed by a convex | 20 cm. The distance of the object from the lens lens different from that formed by a concave i 30cm Find the position, nature and size of the lens? Under what conditions do a convex and a image formed. ‘concave lens form virtual image? (2023) (0) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing object 4110.0) State Snes law refraction of light. | distance, image distance and focal length in the (0) When a ray of light traveling in air enters | above case. (412019) ‘obliquely into a glass slab itis observed that the | 116.Analyse the following observation table showing light ray emerges parallel to the incident ray but | variation of image distance (v) with object distance(UW) in case of a convex lens and answer the questions | that follows. without doing any calculations : | (2) What isthe focal length of the conver lens? Give | reason in support of your answer. (0) Write the serial number of that observation | Which is not correct. How did you arrive at this conclusion? i (@) Take an appropriate scale to draw ray diagram for | the observation at 5. No. 4 and the approximate ‘value of magnification. (Delhi 2017) (G) | 4117.Analyse the following observation table showing _ variation of image-distance (v) with object-distance | (Ui case of a convex lens and answer the questions | that follow without doing any calculations. (a) What is the focal length of the convex lens? Give _ ‘reason to justify your answer. | (b) Write the serial number of the observation | which is not correct. On what basis have you arrived at this conclusion? | (€) Select an appropriate scale and draw a ray _ diagram for the observation at S.No. 2. Also find the approximate valve of magnification. | (a12017) 118.(a) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of ‘image by a convex lens when an object is placed in front of the lens between its optical centre and principal focus. (©) In the above ray diagram mark the object distance (v) and the image distance (v) with their | proper sign (+ve or ~ve as per the new Cartesian sign convention) and state ow these distances. are related to the focal length (f) of the convex lens in this case. (©) Find the power of a convex lens which forms a real and inverted image of magnification ~1 of an object placed at a distance of 20 em from its optical centre. (Deihi 2016) (E8) 119.(a) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image by a concave lens when an object is placed infront of it. (©) Inthe above diagram mark the object distance {u) and the image distance (v) with their proper ‘sign (+ve or -ve as per the new Cartesian sign convention) and state how these distances are related to the focal length ( f ) of the concave lens inthis case. (q) Find the nature and power of a lens which forms 2 real and inverted image of magnification =1 at a distance of 40 cm from its optical centre. ‘(Dethi 2016) 120.(a) Define optical centre of a spherical lens. (b) A divergent lens has a focal length of 20cm. At what distance should an abject of height 4 cm from the optical centre of the lens be placed so that its image is formed 10 em away from the Jens. Find the size ofthe image alsa. (2 Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in above situation. (412016) (in) 121.(a) Define focal length of a divergent lens. (b) A divergent lens has 2 focal length of 30 cm forms the image of an object of size 6 cm on the same side as the object at a distance of 15 ‘em from its optical centre. Use lens formula to determine the distance of the object from the fens and the size of the image formed. (@) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of Jimage inthe above situation. (a1 2016) 1122.AAt what distance from a concave lens of focal length 20cm a6 em tall object be placed so as to obtain its image at 15 em from the lens? Also calculate the size ofthe image formed. Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer for the above situation and label it. (Foreign 2016) (ip) 123. At what distance from a concave lens of focal length 25.cma 10 cmtall object be placed so as to obtainits image at 20 cm from the lens. Also calculate the size of the image formed. Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer for the above situation and label it (Foreign 2016) 124.°A convex lens can form a magnified erect as well as ‘magnified inverted image of an object placed in front of it’: Draw ray diagram to justify this statement stating the position of the object with respect to the lens in each case,‘An object of height 4 cm is placed at a distance of | 20cm roma concave lens of focal length 10cm. Use lens formula to determine the position ofthe image formed. (Debi 20159) 1125, The image of a candle flame placed at 2 distance of | 30 em from a spherical lens is formed on a screen | placed on the other side of the lens at a distance of _ 60 cm from the optical centre of the lens. Identify | the type of lens and calculate its focal length. Ifthe | height of the flame is 3 cm, find the height of its image. (Debi 2015)(%) 126 (a) State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the | term absolute refractive index of a medium and write an expression to relate it with the speed of light in vacuum. | (0) The absolute refractive indices of two media A» ‘and B are 20 and 1.5 respectively. Ifthe speed cof light in medium Bis 2 x 10° m/s. Calculate the _ speed of light in (vacuum Gi) medium a (ethi 2025) | 1127. What is meant by power of a lens? Define its Si. unit. ‘Youhave two lenses A and Bof focal lengths +10 and | ~10 cm respectively. State the nature and power of ‘each lens. Which ofthe two lenses will form a virtual and magnified image of an object placed 8 cm from the lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. a12015)(6) | 1128. One half of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm is. | ‘covered with a black paper. Can such a lens produce | an image of a complete object placed at a distance of | 30.em from the lens? Draw a ay diagram to justity your answer. Tis anon oir was papal tno | principal axis of a concave lens of focal length 20cm. | The distance of the object from the lens is 15 cm. | Find the nature, position and size ofthe image. 1 2015)(6i) 1129. What is meant by the power of lens ? What's its S.. Unit? Name the type of lens whose power is positive. The image of an object formed by a lens is real, inverted and of the same size as the object. If the image is at a distance of 40 em from the lens, what is the nature and power of the lens? Draw ray diagram tojustify your answer. (Foreign 2015) 190.{a) Explain the following terms related to spherical lenses: (optical centre (i) centre of curvature Gi principal axis (iv) aperture (©) principal focus (vi) focal length A converging tens has focal length of 12 cm. Calculate at what distance should the object be placed from the lens so that it forms an image at 448 cmon the other side of the lens. (412014) (ia) Explain the following terms related to spherical lenses. 2.0 (2) Centre of curvature (b) Principat axis {c) Optical centre (@) Principal focus ‘At what distance from a concave lens of focal Jength 20 cm, should a 6 cm tall abject be placed so that it forms an image at 15 cm from the lens? ‘Also determine the size of the image formed. (ai2014) 1182. What is meant by power of a lens? Name and define its Si unit. (One student uses a lens of focal length +50 cm and another of -50 cm. State the nature and find the power of each lens. Which of the two lenses will always give a virtual and diminished image lerespective ofthe position of the object? (Foreign 2014) 9.2 Spherical Mirrors | Em | Which of the following mirror is used by a dentist to | ‘examine a small cavity in a patient's teeth? | (2) Convex mirror i () Plane mirror (€) Concave mirror (8) Anyspherical mirror (Term, 2021-22) 7) Examine the above figure and state which of the following option is correct?{One small box in the figure is equal to 1 cm) {a} The mirror has a focal length of ~6 cm and will ‘produce an image of magnification +1. {b) The mirror has 2 focal length of 3 cm and will produce an image of magnification ~1. (6) The mirror has a focal length of 3 em and will produce an image of magnification +1. (d) The mirror has a focal length of ~6 cm and will | produce an image of magnification ~1. (Term 1, 2021-22) i) Rays from Sun converge at a point 15 em in front of ‘a concave mirror. Where should an abject be placed 0 that size of its image is equal to the size of the | object? (a) 30 cmin front of the mirror {b) 15 cmin front of the mirror {€)_ Between 15 em and 30 cm in front ofthe mirror (4), More than 30 em in front of the mirror | (erm |, 2021-22) While looking at the above diagram, Nalini concluded | the following (The image of the object will be a virtualone. (Gil) The reflected ray will travel along the same path — a5 the incident ray but in opposite direction. (Gi) The image ofthe object willbe inverted {iv This is a concave mirror and hence the focal length willbe negative. | [Which one ofthe above statements are correct? (2) @and Gi) (©) @ and Gin 42) Gi) and Gd) 9. i) and) | (Term |, 2024-22) (ip) | WM mtg) ‘The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be real, inverted and larger than the object. ‘Where is the object placed? (2020-21) | MEM smarts) 6 Rohit wants to have an erect image of an object using a converging mirror of focal length 40 cm. {a} Specity the range of distance where the object ‘can be placed in front of the mirror. Justty. (b) Draw a ray diagram to show image formation in this case. {€) ‘State one use of the mirror based on the above | {kind of image formation. (2022-23) | 9.3 Refraction of Light i 7. Which diagram shows image formation of an object ona screen by a converging lens? 2 Focal length screen (erm 1, 2021-22) (i) Which ofthe following can make a parallel beam of light when light from a point source is incident on it? (a) Concave mirror as well as convex lens. (b) Convex mirror as well as concave lens. (c)_ Two plane mirrors placed at 90° to each others. (d) Concave mirror as well as concave lens. (erm 1, 2021-22) i)® rT Consider these indices of refraction: glass: 1.52; ‘ir: 1.0003; water: 1.333. Based on the refractive Ince f three materials range the speed ot Tht | ‘through them in decreasing order. (a) The speedo light inwater >the speedo ight in air > the speed of light in glass. (b) The speed of light in glass > the speed of light in | water > the speed of light in ar. | {€) The speed cf light in air > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in glass. () The speed of light glass >the speed of Fightin air > the speed of light in water. Teel aa “The angle of incidence trom ar to glass at the point Qoon the hemispherical glass stab is. fa) 45° (>) OF i fa 90° (8) 180° (Term 1, 2021-22) | If the power of a fens is ~6.0 D, then it means that thelensisa (a) concave lens of focal length -50 m_ (0) convex ens of focal length +50 em | {c)_ concave lens of focal length -25 cm i (d) convex lens of focal length -25 m (erm , 2021-22)(39) If the real image of a candle flame formed by 2 lens | ‘is three times the size of the flame and the distance between lens and image is 80 cm, at what distance — ‘should the candle be placed from the lens? (a) -80cm (b) ~406m (@) -40/3em (@) -80/3em i (Term |, 2021-22) In the above diagram light is travelling through different media. It is noted by a scientist that faa £1 = Z3= 24 but £2 <21. Which ofthe folowing Statement would be correct? (a), Medium 1 isthe denser than medium 3 but i's density is equal to medium 2. (0) Medium 2is the rarest medium. (@) Medium 3is denser than medium 1. (d) Medium 1 and 3 are essentially the same medium, but medium 2 is denser than 1 and 3. (Term , 2021-22) (7) ‘The refractive index of fint glass is 1.65 and that for alcohol is 136 with respect to air. What is the refractive index of the flint glass with respect to alcohol ? () 082 (b) 1.21 (9 111 (@) 101 (Teem 1, 2021-22) 16. co) ‘The above lens has a focal length of 10 cm. The object of height 2 mm is placed at a distance of 5 em from the pole. Find the height of the image. fa) 4em {b) 6.67 mm (2 4mm (6) 333mm (Term 1, 2021-22) Case : Noor, a young student, was trying to demonstrate some properties of light in her Science project work. She kept 'X’ inside the box (as shown in. the figure) and with the help of a laser pointer made light rays pass through the holes on one side of the box. She had a small butter-paper screen to see the ‘spots of light being cast as they emerged, ay? ‘aay ay? fay (Ferm |, 2021-22) (G2) ‘What could be the 'X’ that she placed inside the bax tomake the rays behave as shown? fa) Aconverging lens: (b) A parallel-sided glass block (2) Aplane mirror (4) A triangular prism ‘She measured the angles of incidence for both the rays on the left side of the box to be 48.6° She knew the refractive index ofthe material "inside the box() Whats the magnification obtained by using. the glass? (ii) She keeps a book at a distance 10 cm from hher eyes and tries to read. She is unable to ead. What is the reason for this? {b) Ravi kept a book at a distance of 10 em from the eyes of his friend Hari. Hari is not able to read anything written in the book. Give reasons for this. (2022-23) ed 21 Case Based : The below images are that of @ specialized slide projector. Slides are small transparencies mounted in sturdy frames ideally suited to magnification and projection, since they have a very high resolution and a high image quality. ~~ ‘There is a tray where the slides are to be put into, a particular orientation so that the viewers can see the enlarged erect images of the transparent slides. ‘This means that the slides will have to be inserted upside down in the projector tray. ‘To show her students the images of insects that she investigated in the lab, Mrs. Iyer brought a slide projector. Her slide projector produced a 500 times enlarged and inverted image of a slide on a screen 10m away. (a) Based on the text and data given in the above paragraph, what kind of lens must the slide projector have? If vis the symbol used for image distance and u for object distance then with one reason state what will be the sign for v/u in the given case? A slide projector has a convex lens with a focal Jength of 20 cm. The slide is placed upside down 21. cm from the lens. How far away should the screen be placed from the slide projector's lens so that the slide isin focus? oR ‘When a side is placed 15 cm behind the lens in the projector, an image is formed 3m in front of the lens. Ifthe focal length of the lens is 14 em, draw a ray diagram to show image formation. (not to scale) (2022-23) we) to Detailed REITs 1. (@): The laws of reflection holds true for al reflecting, surface. 2. Magnification of images formed by plane mirrors {s unity because for plane mirrors, the size of the image formed is equal to that of the object. 3. (0): The image formed by a convex mirror is always ‘erect and of smaller in size than object. 4 (ah: Given, focal length, f= 15 em Radius of curvature, R = 30.em image size is same as that of object size, this condition is only valid when object is placed at C (centre of curvature) which means the distance between object and image is zero. 5. dj It is valid for both concave mirrors and convex mirrors. 6. (al: Concave mirrors are the mirrors best suited in solar cookers because concave mirrors are convergent. ‘mirror and they are reflect sunlight towards a single focal point. 7. _(b}:Magnification : Sign-positive, value-more the 1 because the object is placed between the focus and the pole. So, magnified image will be formed on other side of mirror. Hence, magnification of image formed will have | positive sign and value more than one. 8.) Radius of curvature of a converging mirror, R=30cm 20 = focallength fem = 15m ‘Thus, virtual image can be obtained from the mirror i an object is placed between pole and focus, ie, between 0 ‘em and 15 em. %. (b):Image formed is enlarged is not true. When ‘object is placed at C, image formed is real, inverted and of same size as object. a Object Concave mirvor 10. (c):Given, height of object (h) = +4 cm Object distance (u) = ~30 cm (object placed left side of the mirror) Focal length, f= +10em