CHAPTER 4
1. What is a topology? From your understanding describe which topology will be best
to set up a computer network in your school.
= A topology refers to the physical or logical layout or arrangement of network devices, cables,
and connections. It defines how the devices in a network are interconnected and how data flows
between them.
Commonly used network topology for small to medium-sized school networks is the star
topology. In a star topology, all devices in the network connect to a central device, such as a switch
or hub. This central device acts as a communication hub, allowing devices to communicate with
each other by sending data through the central point. The star topology offers simplicity, ease of
installation, and scalability. It also provides a high level of fault tolerance, as a failure in one device
does not affect the connectivity of the other devices.
2. Give an example of a URL, and describe different sections of it.
= Write the URL from the book…..
Protocol: The protocol specifies the communication rules for accessing the resource. In this
example, the protocol is "https://" which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It indicates
that the connection to the server should be secure using encryption.
Domain: The domain is the main address of the website or server. In this case, the domain is
"www.example.com." It identifies the specific website or server where the resource is hosted.
Subdirectory : A subdirectory refers to a folder or directory within an email account's mailbox where
emails can be organized and stored. Subdirectories are typically used to categorize or group related
emails together for easier management and retrieval.
3. What is ranking? How it is related to a search engine?
= Ranking refers to the process of determining the order in which search results are displayed
based on their relevance to a user's query. It involves evaluating and assigning a position or rank to
web pages based on various factors, such as their content quality, relevance, popularity, and user
experience.
Search engines use complex algorithms to analyse and rank web pages. These algorithms take
into account a wide range of factors, including keyword usage, website authority, backlinks, user
engagement metrics. When a user enters a search query, the search engine examines its index of
web pages and ranks them based on their perceived relevance. The ranking process in search
engines is continually evolving as search engines refine their algorithms to provide more accurate
and helpful results to users.
4. What is the use of BCC in an email? Describe with an example.
= BCC, which stands for "Blind Carbon Copy," is a feature in email that allows us to send a copy of
an email to recipients without other recipients being aware of it. BCC recipients receive the email,
but their names or email addresses are not visible to other recipients of the email.
Suppose we are organizing a professional event and need to send a follow-up email to all the
attendees. However, we want to keep the email addresses of the recipients private and prevent any
potential misuse of their contact information. In this case, we can use the BCC field to send the
email to ourself and add all the recipient email addresses in the BCC field. This way, each recipient
receives the email, but their email addresses are not visible to others, maintaining their privacy and
preventing any unintended email conversations among the recipients.
5. What are the differences between Chat and Video Conferencing?
= Chat is nothing but messages sent through the internet in real time. Chat messages may be a
textual or multimedia conversation over the internet. For doing the chat, the user must have his account
registered and must be logged in (online) to the chat server or chatting site
On the other hand video conferencing is a live video based meeting between at least two individuals
in different geographical areas utilizing video enabled gadgets. It permits various individuals to meet
and discuss from distance by sending audio, video, text etc.
M/Q
1. What is a network ?
= A network is a connection of two or more interconnected computers or other computing devices
which can share information.
2. Write the advantages and disadvantages of the following :
a. Mesh Topology
b. Star Topology
c. Bus Topology
d. Ring Topology
= From book
3. Define Client and Server.
= A client is a device, application, or user interface that makes requests or accesses resources
from a server. It can be a computer, smartphone, or any other device connected to a network.
Clients typically initiate communication by sending requests to a server and receive responses
containing the requested information.
A server is a computer or system that provides services or resources to clients in response to
their requests. It is designed to handle and respond to client requests by processing data, executing
tasks, or delivering requested resources. Servers are usually more powerful and have specialized
software to manage and fulfil client requests efficiently.
4. What is a protocol?
= A protocol is a well-established set of rules that governs the communication between the
computers on a network. Ex. HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, FTP.
5.Define the following:
= a. Web Server: A web server is a computer that stores web server software and a website’s
components that connect to the internet and support physical interchange of data between
devices.
b. Application server: An application server is a server that hosts software that delivers a
business application through a communication protocols. Example: Oracle, Apache
c. Database server: A database server is a server which uses a database application that
provides database services to another computer program or a computer. Examples: Oracle,
MySQL.
d. Proxy server: It is a system or router that works as a gateway between users and the internet.
6. Describe the history of internet. ( Page 108, 4.5)
7. Describe different types of wired internet connection. ( Page 109)
8. Describe different types of wireless internet connection (Page 110)
9. What is a website ? (Page 110)
10. What is hyperlink ?
= A hyperlink, often referred to as a link, is a selectable element within a document or webpage
that, when clicked or activated, redirects the user to another location. It is a reference or connection
to another web page, document, image, video, or any other online resource.
11. What is URL ? (Page 110)
12. What is a search engine ? (Page 111)
13. Write all the abbreviations from the chapter.
14. What are the maximum transfer rate and maximum transfer rage of the following cables:
Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, fibre optics cable ( Page no: 109 )
15. How does search engine work?
= Search engines work by crawling the web to discover and update web pages, indexing the collected
data to organize it, and ranking the pages based on relevance, authority, and user intent. This
process allows search engines to quickly deliver accurate search results tailored to users' queries,
ensuring a better search experience.
