WINDOWS PROGRAMMING

(With C#.NET)

Chapter 5:
LINQ

TS. Lê Văn Vinh

Khoa Công nghệ Thông tin
Trường ĐHSPKT TP. HCM
Contents
Introduction
LinQ to Objects
LinQ to SQL

2
Introduction
 Traditionally, queries against data are expressed as
simple strings without type checking at compile time
or IntelliSense support
 Different query language for each type of data source:
SQL databases, XML documents, various Web
services, and so on
=> Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) is an innovation
that bridges the gap between the world of objects and
the world of data.

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Introduction

4
Introduction
Architecture

C# VB.NET Others

.NET Language Integrated Query (LINQ)

LINQ data source providers

ADO.NET support for LINQ

LINQ LINQ LINQ LINQ LINQ

to Objects to Datasets to SQL to Entities to XML
Introduction
An example (The tradional way)

Find the names of all London customers:

List<string> londoners = new List<string>();

foreach (Customer c in customers) {

if (c.City == “London”) {
londoners.add(c.Name);
}
}

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Introduction
An example (The LINQ way)
Returns a simple array!

string[] londoners =
from c in customers
where c.City == “London”
select c.Name;

Declarative!
No loops!
SQL-like!

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Contents
Introduction
LINQ to Objects
LINQ to SQL

8
Three Parts of a Query Operation
All LINQ query operations consist of three
distinct actions: class IntroToLINQ
{
• Obtain the data source. static void Main()
{
• Create the query. // The Three Parts of a LINQ Query:
// 1. Data source.
• Execute the query. int[] numbers = new int[7] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };

// 2. Query creation.
// numQuery is an IEnumerable<int>
var numQuery =
from num in numbers
where (num % 2) == 0
select num;

// 3. Query execution.
foreach (int num in numQuery)
{
Console.Write("{0,1} ", num);
}
}
}

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LINQ and Generic Types
 IEnumerable is the interface that enables generic
collection classes to be enumerated by using
the foreach statement
 The var keyword
IEnumerable<Customer> customerQuery =
from cust in customers
where cust.City == "London"
select cust;
foreach (Customer customer in customerQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine(customer.LastName + ", " + customer.FirstName);
}
var customerQuery2 =
from cust in customers
where cust.City == "London"
select cust;

foreach(var customer in customerQuery2)

{
Console.WriteLine(customer.LastName + ", " + customer.FirstName);
}
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LINQ Query operation

Restriction Where
Projection Select, SelectMany
Ordering OrderBy, ThenBy
Grouping GroupBy
Quantifiers Any, All
Partitioning Take, Skip, TakeWhile, SkipWhile
Sets Distinct, Union, Intersect, Except
Elements First, FirstOrDefault, ElementAt
Aggregation Count, Sum, Min, Max, Average
Conversion ToArray, ToList, ToDictionary
Casting OfType<T>

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LINQ Query operation
List of basic operations
 Obtaining a Data Source: from
 Filtering: where
 Ordering: orderby
 Grouping: group
 Joining: Join
 Selecting: Select

 Please study how to use the above operations.

Source: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/bb397927.aspx

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Data Transformations with LINQ
Select a subset of each element in the
source sequence
var query = from cust in Customers
select cust.City;

var query = from cust in Customer

select new {Name = cust.Name, City = cust.City};

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Data Transformations with LINQ
Three types of ways to transform the
source data
 Do not transform the source data

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Data Transformations with LINQ
Three types of ways to transform the
source data
 Transform the source data

15
Data Transformations with LINQ
Three types of ways to transform the
source data
 Transform the source data

16
Data Transformations with LINQ
Three types of ways to transform the
source data
 Let the compiler infer type information

17
Lambda Expressions
 A lambda expression is an anonymous function that
you can use to create delegates or expression
tree types.
 By using lambda expressions, you can write local
functions that can be passed as arguments or
returned as the value of function calls.
 Lambda expressions are particularly helpful for writing
LINQ query expressions.

 (input parameters) => expression / statement

Return the value of the RIGHT side.

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Lambda Expressions
int i = this.compute(10);
private int compute(int value)
{
return (value + 2);
}
----------------------------------------------------------
delegate int DelType(int i);
DelType dd = delegate(int value)
{
return (value +2);
};
int i = dd(10);

---------------------------------------------------------------
delegate int DelType(int i);
DelType d = value => value + 2;
int i = d(10);

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Lambda Expressions
 Examples
class SimpleLambda
{
static void Main()
{

// Data source.
int[] scores = { 90, 71, 82, 93, 75, 82 };

// The call to Count forces iteration of the source

int highScoreCount = scores.Where(n => n > 80).Count();

Console.WriteLine("{0} scores are greater than 80", highScoreCount);

// Outputs: 4 scores are greater than 80

}
}

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Lambda Expressions
Examples
IEnumerable<Product> x =
from p in products
where p.UnitPrice >= 10
select p;

Using Lambda Expression:

IEnumerable<Product> x = products.Where(p => p.UnitPrice >= 10);

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Lambda Expressions
Examples
IEnumerable<string> productNames = products.Select(p => p.Name);
IEnumerable<string> productNames = from p in products select p.Name;

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Excercises
Download and work with the 101 samples
from MSDN:
https://code.msdn.microsoft.com/101-
linq-samples-3fb9811b

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Contents
Introduction
LINQ to Objects
LINQ to SQL

24
LINQ to SQL
Introduction
 The data model of a relational database is mapped to
an object model expressed in the programming
language of the developer
 To access SQL databases just as you would access
an in-memory collection.

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LINQ to SQL
Introduction

26
LINQ to SQL
Introduction

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LINQ to SQL
Introduction

using System.Data.Linq;
using System.Data.Linq.Mapping;

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LINQ to SQL
What You Can Do With LINQ to SQL
 Connect to a database
 Selecting
 Inserting
 Updating
 Deleting

Table<TEntity> Class
 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/bb358844(v=vs.110).aspx?cs-save-
lang=1&cs-lang=csharp#code-snippet-1

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LINQ to SQL
What You Can Do With LINQ to SQL
 Connect to a database
• Creating LINQ to SQL Classes (we can use O/R Designer)
• Using the DataContext class:
The DataContext class contains methods and properties for
connecting to a database and manipulating the data in the
database (for example, performing Inserts, Updates, and
Deletes)
• Method: SubmitChanges(): Computes the set of modified
objects to be inserted, updated, or deleted, and executes the
appropriate commands to implement the changes to the
database.
• https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/system.data.linq.datacontext.aspx

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LINQ to SQL
What You Can Do With LINQ to SQL
 Selecting

SinhViendbDataContext svDTcontext = new SinhViendbDataContext();

var svQuery = from sinhviens in svDTcontext.SinhViens
where sinhviens.HoTen == “Hung”
select sinhviens;

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LINQ to SQL
What You Can Do With LINQ to SQL
 Inserting:
• Insert to a table:
– InsertOnSubmit() method
– InsertAllOnSubmit() method

SinhViendbDataContext svDTcontext = new SinhViendbDataContext();

SinhVien sv = new SinhVien();
sv.MaSo = txtMaSo.Text;
sv.HoTen = txtHoTen.Text;

Table<SinhVien> t = svDTcontext.SinhViens;//Biến tham chiếu

t.InsertOnSubmit(sv);
t.Context.SubmitChanges();

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LINQ to SQL
What You Can Do With LINQ to SQL
 Updating:
• SingleOrDefault(): Returns the only element of a sequence, or a
default value if the sequence is empty; this method throws an
exception if there is more than one element in the sequence.

SinhViendbDataContext svDTcontext = new SinhViendbDataContext();

var svQuery = (from sinhviens in svDTcontext.SinhViens
where sinhviens.MaSo == txtMaSo.Text
select sinhviens).SingleOrDefault();
if (svQuery != null)
{
svQuery.HoTen = txtHoTen.Text;
svDTcontext.SubmitChanges();
}

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LINQ to SQL
What You Can Do With LINQ to SQL
 Deleting:
• Deleting to a table:
– DeleteOnSubmit() method
– DeleteAllOnSubmit() method

SinhViendbDataContext svDTcontext = new SinhViendbDataContext();

var svQuery = from sinhviens in svDTcontext.SinhViens
where sinhviens.HoTen == txtHoTen.Text
select sinhviens;

svDTcontext.SinhViens.DeleteAllOnSubmit(svQuery);
svDTcontext.SubmitChanges();

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