MODALS

1. _____ you _____ find all the things you wanted 12. The doctor says I _____ walk again in two
at the shops? weeks’ time.
A. Did / have to A. can
B. Did / can B. could
C. Did / manage to C. will be able to
D. Did / could D. to be able to

2. The police _____ find the man who had stolen I asked the teacher if I __(13)__ open the window,
my car. He was sent to prison. but she said I __(14)__ because it would be too
A. can noisy.
B. could
C. managed to 13. ____
D. couldn’t A. can
B. could
3. My grandfather _____ speak four languages C. managed to
when he was alive. D. couldn’t
A. can
B. could 14. ____
C. managed to A. can
D. couldn’t B. could
C. managed to
4. When we got to the top of the mountain we D. couldn’t
_____ see for miles.
A. can 15. I’m sorry, but I _____ come to your party next
B. could week.
C. managed A. can’t
D. couldn’t B. couldn’t
C. can
5. In my country you _____ get married when D. ‘ll be able to
you’re sixteen.
A. can 16. I love driving! _____ drive has changed my
B. could whole life.
C. managed to A. Can
D. couldn’t B. Could
C. Will be able to
6. Speak up! I _____ hear you! D. Being able to
A. can
B. could 17. Children in my country _____ go to school
C. can’t when they’re 7.
D. couldn’t A. doesn’t have to
B. has to
7. _____ I borrow your dictionary? C. have to
A. Can’t D. don’t have to
B. Could
C. Manage to 18. Adults _____ go to school.
D. Couldn’t A. doesn’t have to
B. has to
8. I’d love _____ help you, but I can’t. I’m sorry. C. have to
A. can D. don’t have to
B. could
C. managed to 19. Every adult _____ go to work.
D. to be able to A. doesn’t have to
B. has to
9. I _____ get into my house last night because I’d C. have to
lost my key. D. don’t have to
A. can
B. could 20. A retired person_____ go to work.
C. managed to A. doesn’t have to
D. couldn’t B. has to
C. have to
10. Women _____ vote in England until 1922. D. don’t have to
A. can
B. are able to 21. Teenagers _____ study for exams.
C. managed to A. doesn’t have to
D. couldn’t B. has to
C. have to
11. I’m learning Spanish because I want _____ D. don’t have to
speak when I’m in Mexico.
A. can 22. You _____ drive on the right in Britain.
B. could A. mustn’t
C. will be able to B. has to
D. to be able to C. have to
D. don’t have to

23. We have got plenty of time. We _____ hurry.

A. needn’t
B. didn’t use to

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 MODALS
C. mustn’t 34. Tom was serious when he said he wanted to
D. didn’t need to be an actor when he grew up. We _____ at him.
We hurt his feelings.
24. You _____ do it now. You can do it this A. shouldn’t have laughed
afternoon. B. needn’t have laughed
A. mustn’t C. mustn’t have laughed
B. had better D. shouldn’t have been laughed
C. needn’t 35. He _____ hungry. He isn’t eating his food.
D. should A. should be
B. needn’t have been
25. His illness got worse and worse. In the end he C. might not have been
_____ go into hospital for an operation. D. must not be
A. will have to 36. All the lights in Terry’s room are turned off.
B. must He_____ sleeping.
C. had to A. must have been
D. ought to have B. had to be
C. must be
26. You _____ any more aspirins; you’ve had four D. must not be
already.
A. mustn’t take 37. Let’s go to the seminar. It _____ interesting.
B. needn’t have taken A. used to be
C. shouldn’t have taken B. is supposed to be
D. had better not take C. must have been
D. needs to be
27. I’ve searched everywhere for Bob but I _____ to
find him. 38. Children _____ taught to respect their elders.
A. wasn’t able A. should be
B. am not able B. had better
C. haven’t been able C. has to be
D. couldn’t D. must have

28. A: Mrs. Taylor was found dead with a wire 39. This application _____ last week.
around her neck. A. should be sent
B: She _____ strangled. B. must have been
A. had to be C. ought to have been sent
B. ought to have been D. should have sent
C. should have
D. must have been 40. We can’t wait any longer! Something _____
immediately.
29. You _____ spanked her. She didn’t deserve it. A. should have been done
A. shouldn’t have B. had to be done
B. needn’t have C. ought to do
C. mustn’t have D. must be done
D. couldn’t have
41. A: I overslept this morning.
30. A: I wonder who took my alarm clock. B: You _____ your alarm clock.
B: It _____ Julia. She _____ supposed to get up A. had better set
early. B. had to set
A. might be / is C. should have set
B. could be / is D. ought to have been
C. had to be / was
D. must have been / was 42. Rice _____ have water in order to grow.
A. must
31. In a hundred years’ time we _____ out of water B. should
to drink. C. had better
A. must have run D. ought to
B. might have been run
C. should have run 43. I _____ to go now. I have a class in ten minutes.
D. may have run A. had better
B. have got
32. If you’d explained your problem to me, I _____ C. must
to help you. D. should
A. was able
B. will have been able 44. “Doctors are supposed to help sick people”
C. would have been able means: _____.
D. could have A. They help sick people.
B. They should help sick people.
33. Joe ran all the way. It wasn’t necessary. Joe C. They must be helping sick people.
_____ run all the way. D. They might have helped sick people.
A. needn’t have
B. need have 45. I _____ to the doctor. I’m feeling much better.
C. didn’t need to A. don’t have to go
D. doesn’t need to B. needn’t have gone
C. should have gone
D. mustn’t go

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46. This is an opportunity that comes once in a 57. Mary _____ any chocolates but she did.
lifetime. We _____ let it pass. A. shouldn’t eat
A. don’t have to B. ought not to have eaten
B. shouldn’t have C. ought not to eat
C. needn’t have D. must not have eaten
D. mustn’t

47. I _____ go to the cinema than study English.

A. would rather
B. had better 58. Your umbrella is wet. It _____ raining.
C. need to A. must be
D. should B. was
C. can’t be
48. When I was a child my father _____ read me a D. might
story every night before bed.
A. was going to 59. _____ the pains come again, don’t hesitate to
B. was used to phone me.
C. would A. Would
D. got used to B. Should
C. Will
49. A: Did you enjoy the concert? D. Had
B: It was OK, but I ___ to the theatre.
A. needn’t have gone 60. _____ it been raining, I’d have needed my
B. must have gone umbrella.
C. had better go A. Should
D. would rather have gone B. Would
C. Might
50. A: How much do you weigh? D. Had
B: _____.
A. I needn’t have told you 61. A: I took Janet to the cinema last night.
B. I’d rather not tell you B: You _____ me too. I was at home.
C. I couldn’t have told you A. might take
D. I’d better not be told B. may have been taken
C. might have taken
51. When I was a child, I _____ a flashlight to bed D. must have taken
with me so that I ____ read comic books
without my parents’ knowing them. 62. I don’t think she _____. Call her again.
A. used to take / could A. can have heard
B. was used to taking / could B. might have heard
C. would take / can C. must hear
D. would have taken / was able to D. can be heard

52. After looking at his notes again, he _____ to 63. Lucy is very late. She _____ her train.
complete the exercise. A. may miss
A. could B. may have missed
B. was able C. had to miss
C. can D. should have missed
D. has been able
64. I walked to school this morning, but I _____ a
53. If we don’t book seats soon, we _____ to get bus.
into the concert. A. didn’t need to take
A. are able B. had better take
B. won’t be able C. might take
C. will be able D. could have taken
D. can’t
65. The flower is dead. Maybe I _____ it more
54. If we went to live in the tropics. I _____ buy water.
some thin clothes. A. might give
A. will have to B. needed to give
B. have to C. should have given
C. would have to D. ought to have been given
D. have had to
66. These flowers _____ twice a week, but I always
55. If there is fuel shortage, solar energy _____. forget to water them.
A. has to develop A. ought to water
B. will have to be developed B. ought to have been watered
C. will have to develop C. should be watered
D. had to be developed D. needn’t have been watered

56. When she got thinner she _____ take her dress 67. Why don’t you buy a lottery ticket. You _____ a
in. large prize.
A. will have to A. might win
B. should B. might have won
C. has to C. could have won
D. had to D. must have won

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68. Why did you take such a risk? You _____ died! A. couldn’t
A. could B. ought to have been
B. must be C. was supposed to
C. might have D. must have
D. may be
80. The boy _____ walk again soon after he had
69. We _____ our towels because we knew the had an operation.
hotel would provide some. A. can
A. didn’t need to pack B. is able to
B. needn’t pack C. might
C. don’t have to pack D. was able to
D. needn’t have been packed
70. It was very cold in the morning. You _____ your 81. He was crying just a moment ago. He _____
sweater. singing already.
A. could wear A. is not able to
B. need to wear B. must be
C. should have worn C. must not
D. might wear D. can’t be

71. “I was supposed to call her at seven.” means: 82. George is reading a Spanish newspaper. He
_____. _____ Spanish.
A. I called her at seven A. is to know
B. I was called by her at seven B. must know
C. I could call her at seven. C. had to know
D. I should have called her at seven D. need to know

72. You _____ for me; I could have found the way 83. No wonder you always look pale. You _____ get
all right. more fresh air.
A. needn’t have waited A. will need
B. could have waited B. ought to
C. don’t have to wait C. had to
D. didn’t need to wait D. must have

73. Janet _____ some problem. She keeps crying. 84. To keep fit and stay healthy, you _____ enough
A. must have had of the right kinds of exercise.
B. must have A. have to take
C. needs to have B. used to take
D. may have had C. might have taken
D. ought to have taken
74. The lights have gone out. _____.
A. A fuse might blow 85. Transport systems _____ likely to change in the
B. A fuse could blow future. One probable difference is that there
C. A fuse must have blown _____ more electric vehicles.
D. A fuse will have blown A. is / will be
B. will / are
75. I _____ to the butcher’s on the way home, but I C. are / will be
forgot. D. will / would be
A. need to go
B. ought to have gone 86. If you want antibiotics, you _____ to ask the
C. must have gone doctor for a prescription.
D. should go A. must
B. had better
76. She _____ about the time. Her friends were also C. will have
late. D. should
A. needn’t worry
B. won’t need to worry 87. “You weren’t supposed to do that.” means:
C. doesn’t need to worry _____.
D. needn’t have worried A. You should do that, but you don’t.
B. You should have done it, but you didn’t.
77. The plane _____ already-it’s not due to go until C. You shouldn’t have done it.
9.55. D. You shouldn’t do that, but you do.
A. must not leave
B. needn’t have left 88. The wound has healed now. You _____ that
C. can’t leave bandage any longer.
D. can’t have left A. needn’t have worn
B. didn’t need to wear
78. A: Is it Sunday? All the shops are closed. C. don’t have to wear
B: Well, if all the shops are closed, it _____ D. didn’t have to wear
Sunday.
A. can’t be 89. You _____ this to Kate, or she’ll get upset.
B. might have been A. needn’t tell
C. must be B. shouldn’t have told
D. must have been C. mustn’t have told
D. mustn’t tell
79. A: You bought the tickets, didn’t you?
B: No. I _____, but I didn’t have enough money.

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90. A: His office is empty. He must have gone 79. We _____ write an essay on the book after we’d
home. read it.
B: But his briefcase is here. He _____ home. had to
A. might not go have to
B. can’t have gone will have to D) must
C. ought not to go 80. The sky _____ seen because of the pollution.
D. could have gone can not
can’t be
91. He _____ with us if he doesn’t want to. might be
A. needs to come must be
B. needn’t have come 81. I_____ sorry if she had left.
C. didn’t need to come will be
D. needn’t come would’ve been
would be
92. The package _____ to the wrong address. had been
A. must have been sent 82. Robert is a millionaire’s son. He _____
B. ought to be sent never_____ worry about
C. could have sent anything in life.
D. might have sent is / has to
had / had to
93. Since you have been working for hours, you has / had to
_____ tired. doesn’t / have to
83. You’d better not try to bribe him. He _____ you
A. could be
to the police.
B. can’t be
could report
C. must have been
might have reported
D. might have been
needs to report
could have reported
94. We _____ or we’ll be late,
84. I wish you’d told me they were on the phone. I
had better hurry
_____ all the way to
didn’t need to hurry
their house.
had to hurry
didn’t have to go
needn’t have hurried
didn’t need to go
needn’t go
95. The car broke down, and we _____ have it
needn’t have gone
towed to a service station. 85. If only you’d mentioned that your friend played
have to tennis. We _____ a
had to game of doubles.
should can have
ought to could have had
might have
96. No one likes _____ work at the weekend. could have
has to 86. If my car _____ stuck in a traffic jam, I’d be very
had to angry, but I _____
will have to D) having to my horn.
73. It is very difficult choice to _____ make. is / won’t bang
have to was / don’t bang
having to were / won’t bang
had to were / wouldn’t bang
must 87. I wouldn’t buy it unless I _____ it.
74. You _____ to see a doctor. You’re perfectly can’t afford
healthy. could have afforded
mustn’t could afford
don’t need C) may not couldn’t afford
shouldn’t 88. A: Williams. Jack Williams.
75. Alcohol _____ be bad for his health, but it is for B: Sorry. I _____ the wrong number.
me. must dial
must not must have dialed
didn’t need to might dial
doesn’t have to might have been dialed
may not 89. A: He was driving on the right in Cyprus when
76. Children under twelve _____ travel free of he crashed.
charge. B: He _____ on the left.
can had to be driving
is able to could be driving
can not be D) must be ought to have been driving D) shouldn’t have
77. Father is mending the car. After that we _____ been driving
to go for a drive. 90. A: The attendant was smoking near the petrol
can pump.
might B: He _____ smoking there.
may shouldn’t be
will be able ought not to be
78. It is very important to me, and I really_____ be wouldn’t be
late. shouldn’t have been
might not B) ought not C) don’t have to D) 91. You say you saw him sitting in the canteen
mustn’t today. He _____ sitting
there. He has been in hospital for two days.

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couldn’t have been should have stayed
must not be 104. A: The Chinese described flying machines.
can not be B: They _____ tremendous imaginations.
might have been could have
92. A: Look at the magician. He is sawing that must have
woman in half! must have had
B: He _____ sawing her in half. It _____ a trick. need to have
mustn’t be / might be 105. A: Do you think they’ll have my size?
can not be / must be B: They _____ have your size.
ought not to be / can be are used to B) should
must be / might be has to
93. A: His brother won the marathon last year. will have to
B: He _____ very fast. 106. If you worked in industry, you _____ the value
might have been of money.
must be had to know
may have been would know
might be should have known
94. A: How on earth did the thief get in? might have known
B: He _____ a window. 107. His life _____ if he had worn his seat belt.
is able to break would be saved
might have been broken might have saved
could have broken could have been saved
had to break may be saved
95. I wish he _____ a little more tactful! 108. I _____ go out than be stuck in bed.
must be had better B) should
would be have to
will be would rather
might be 109. I _____ to learn English fluently.
96. The Government recommended that the must
housing problem _____ have got
speeded up. should
would be would rather
must be 110. A: Is he going to have his operation this
is to be month?
should be B: Well, he _____ have had it this month, but now
97. A: Surely he has woken up. he is going to
B: Well, I can hear snoring coming from his room. have it next month.
A: He _____ then. was to
can’t wake up will
might not wake up used to
must have woken up needs to
can not have woken up 111. A: _____ Barcelona _____ Real Madrid last
98. You cannot wash these curtains. They _____. night?
to be dry-cleaned B: Yes, it could. It has got more skillful players.
must have been dry-cleaned could / beat
have been dry-cleaned could / have been beaten
have to be dry-cleaned could / have beaten
99. The reports _____ by four o’clock because the could / be beaten by
manager is going to 112. I can’t find my keys. I have a feeling I _____
sign them. them in the library.
must be finished might leave
must finish must have left
should have been finished D) had to be could leave
finished should have left
100. I _____ very hard but I do now. 113. My car has been making a strange noise
don’t need to work lately. I _____ it to the
don’t have to work garage and get it seen to.
didn’t have to work had to take
should have worked shall have to take
101. George King ___ filter-tipped cigarettes, but should have taken
now he smokes cigars. was to have taken
is used to smoking 114. Joan suggested that they _____ all go for a
was used to smoke walk in the afternoon provided it didn’t keep on
is accustomed to smoking D) was accustomed raining.
to smoking A)
102. “It isn’t necessary for us to leave soon.” would
means: _____. could
We needn’t have left soon. should
We didn’t need to leave soon. might
We don’t need to leave soon 115. You say I _____ a screwdriver. What _____ I
We have to leave soon _____?
103. A: I went out last night, and my cold got could have used / should / have used
worse. shouldn’t have used / should / have used
B: You _____ at home. might not use / should / be used
must stay mustn’t use / could / have used
had better stay 116. He was so unsure of himself that he ______
ought to stay even buy a box of

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 MODALS
chocolates without consulting his mother.
wouldn’t
won’t
can’t
might not have
117. Before his illness he _____ anything but now
he _____ very careful
with his diet.
could eat / can be
must have eaten / had to be
could eat / has to be
couldn’t eat / has to be
118. Powerful though they were, they never _____
to challenge the
authority of the King.
will have
dared
would have D) could’ve been
119. If those two people _____ leave, the Whole
firm would probably
collapse.
must
are to
were to
had to
120. We _____ be late for work. Our boss is very
particular about timekeeping.
A) wouldn’t B) weren’t to
C) daren’t
didn’t used to

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