Chapter 3 and 4 Memory Recall

Quiz
* Which of the following is a unicellular alga used as a food supplement by space travellers due
to its richness in proteins?
a) Chlamydomonas
b) Chlorella
c) Volvox
d) Spirogyra

* In which animal phylum is the body cavity absent, making them acoelomates?
a) Aschelminthes
b) Annelida
c) Arthropoda
d) Platyhelminthes

* What is the term for the classification system based on evolutionary relationships between
organisms?
a) Artificial classification
b) Natural classification
c) Phylogenetic classification
d) Numerical classification

* Which class of Vertebrata includes animals with a cartilaginous endoskeleton and a mouth
located ventrally?
a) Osteichthyes
b) Cyclostomata
c) Chondrichthyes
d) Amphibia

* The female sex organ in bryophytes, which is flask-shaped and produces a single egg, is
called:
a) Antheridium
b) Oogonium
c) Archegonium
d) Zoosporangium

* Which of the following is the largest phylum of Animalia?

a) Mollusca
 b) Annelida
c) Arthropoda
d) Chordata

* In conifers, what features help to reduce water loss?

a) Broad leaves and thin cuticle
b) Needle-like leaves, thick cuticle, and sunken stomata
c) Large surface area of leaves
d) Absence of stomata

* The property of a living organism to emit light, which is well-marked in ctenophores, is known
as:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Bioluminescence
c) Fluorescence
d) Phosphorescence

* In pteridophytes, the dominant phase in the life cycle is the:

a) Gametophyte
b) Sporophyte
c) Prothallus
d) Protonema

* What is the most unique characteristic of mammals?

a) They are warm-blooded
b) Presence of hair on the skin
c) Presence of milk-producing mammary glands
d) They have a four-chambered heart

* The members of Phaeophyceae (brown algae) store food as complex carbohydrates in the
form of:
a) Starch
b) Glycogen
c) Floridean starch
d) Laminarin or mannitol

* In which phylum is the water transport or canal system a characteristic feature?

a) Coelenterata
b) Porifera
c) Ctenophora
d) Annelida

* Which system of classification, given by Linnaeus, was based on the androecium structure?
a) Natural system
 b) Phylogenetic system
c) Artificial system
d) Chemotaxonomy

* The excretory organs in arthropods like insects are:

a) Nephridia
b) Flame cells
c) Malpighian tubules
d) Gills

* What are the simple, thalloid, free-living, mostly photosynthetic gametophytes of

pteridophytes called?
a) Protonema
b) Prothallus
c) Gemmae
d) Strobili

* What is the name of the file-like rasping organ for feeding found in the mouth of molluscs?
a) Radula
b) Operculum
c) Mantle
d) Cnidoblast

* The cell wall of green algae is made of:

a) An inner layer of pectose and an outer layer of cellulose
b) Only cellulose
c) An inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose
d) Cellulose and algin

* In Platyhelminthes, what are the specialised cells that help in osmoregulation and excretion?
a) Nephridia
b) Malpighian tubules
c) Flame cells
d) Choanocytes

* Which event is considered a precursor to the seed habit in pteridophytes?

a) Formation of strobili
b) Development of the zygote into an embryo within the female gametophyte
c) The spread of pteridophytes to sandy-soil conditions
d) Production of only one type of spore

* Which class under Vertebrata is characterized by a sucking and circular mouth without jaws?
a) Chondrichthyes
b) Osteichthyes
 c) Cyclostomata
d) Reptilia

* A fusion between one large, non-motile female gamete and a smaller, motile male gamete is
termed:
a) Isogamous
b) Anisogamous
c) Oogamous
d) Fragmentation

* Animals whose cells are arranged in two embryonic layers, an external ectoderm and an
internal endoderm, are called:
a) Triploblastic
b) Diploblastic
c) Coelomates
d) Acoelomates

* The main plant body of a bryophyte is a haploid structure called a:

a) Sporophyte
b) Zygote
c) Gametophyte
d) Spore

* The characteristic features of Aves (birds) include:

a) Scales and a three-chambered heart
b) Mammary glands and hair
c) Feathers, beak, and pneumatic bones
d) Moist skin and external fertilization

* Sphagnum, a moss, provides a substance that is used as fuel. What is it called?

a) Coal
b) Peat
c) Algin
d) Carrageen

* Which of the following animals exhibits bilateral symmetry?

a) Sponges
b) Coelenterates
c) Ctenophores
d) Annelids

* The giant redwood tree, one of the tallest tree species, belongs to which group?
a) Angiosperms
b) Pteridophytes
 c) Gymnosperms
d) Bryophytes

* In which animal phylum does the body show a pattern called metameric segmentation?
a) Mollusca
b) Porifera
c) Annelida
d) Platyhelminthes

* Which group of plants is known as the 'amphibians of the plant kingdom'?

a) Algae
b) Bryophytes
c) Pteridophytes
d) Gymnosperms

* In coelenterates, the sessile and cylindrical body form is called:

a) Medusa
b) Polyp
c) Spongocoel
d) Cnidoblast

* A commercial product called 'agar', used to grow microbes, is obtained from:

a) Chlorella and Spirogyra
b) Gelidium and Gracilaria
c) Laminaria and Sargassum
d) Fucus and Dictyota

* The most distinctive feature of echinoderms is the presence of:

a) A calcareous shell
b) Jointed appendages
c) Cnidoblasts
d) A water vascular system

* What are the spore-producing, leaf-like appendages in pteridophytes called?

a) Rhizoids
b) Sporophylls
c) Fronds
d) Stipes

* Which phylum includes animals commonly known as sea walnuts or comb jellies?
a) Coelenterata
b) Porifera
c) Ctenophora
d) Echinodermata
* The members of Rhodophyceae are commonly called red algae due to the predominance of
which pigment?
a) Chlorophyll a
b) Fucoxanthin
c) r-phycoerythrin
d) Chlorophyll b

* In bony fishes (Osteichthyes), what structure is present that regulates buoyancy?

a) Gill slits
b) Air bladder
c) Operculum
d) Placoid scales

* In mosses, the leafy stage develops from the secondary protonema as a:

a) Spore
b) Zygote
c) Lateral bud
d) Gemma

* Which phylum consists of animals with a body covered by a calcareous shell and an
unsegmented body with a distinct head, muscular foot, and visceral hump?
a) Arthropoda
b) Annelida
c) Mollusca
d) Echinodermata

* The ovules in gymnosperms are not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain:
a) Covered
b) Exposed
c) Fused
d) Dormant

* Which of these is a flightless bird?

a) Corvus (Crow)
b) Columba (Pigeon)
c) Struthio (Ostrich)
d) Psittacula (Parrot)

* Asexual reproduction in liverworts can occur by the formation of specialized structures called:
a) Spores
b) Antherozoids
c) Gemmae
d) Protonema
* Which class of animals can live in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats and has moist skin
without scales?
a) Reptilia
b) Aves
c) Amphibia
d) Mammalia

* Which type of taxonomy is easily carried out using computers and is based on all observable
characteristics?
a) Cytotaxonomy
b) Chemotaxonomy
c) Numerical Taxonomy
d) Phylogenetic Taxonomy

* Which of the following is NOT a fundamental feature used as a basis for animal classification?
a) Body symmetry
b) Nature of coelom
c) Habitat
d) Arrangement of cells

* The evolutionary first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are:
a) Bryophytes
b) Pteridophytes
c) Gymnosperms
d) Algae

* The stinging capsules or nematocysts in coelenterates are contained within cells called:
a) Choanocytes
b) Flame cells
c) Cnidoblasts
d) Comb plates

* The storage bodies located in the chloroplasts of most green algae are called:
a) Pyrenoids
b) Vacuoles
c) Nuclei
d) Oil droplets

* The body of aschelminthes is circular in cross-section, hence they are named:

a) Flatworms
b) Roundworms
c) Segmented worms
d) Spiny worms
* In Cycas, small specialized roots that are associated with N2-fixing cyanobacteria are called:
a) Tap roots
b) Mycorrhiza
c) Coralloid roots
d) Rhizoids

* What is the common chamber into which the alimentary canal, urinary, and reproductive tracts
open in amphibians?
a) Osculum
b) Spongocoel
c) Cloaca
d) Mantle cavity

* Selaginella and Salvinia are examples of pteridophytes that produce two kinds of spores,
making them:
a) Homosporous
b) Heterosporous
c) Isogamous
d) Oogamous

* The heart in reptiles is usually three-chambered, but it is four-chambered in:

a) Snakes
b) Lizards
c) Crocodiles
d) Turtles

* Asexual reproduction in algae is most commonly by the production of:

a) Gametes
b) Fragments
c) Zoospores
d) Buds

* The body of arthropods is covered by a:

a) Calcareous shell
b) Spiny skin
c) Chitinous exoskeleton
d) Moist skin

* In angiosperms, the seeds are enclosed in:

a) Cones
b) Fruits
c) Strobili
d) Leaves
* The phenomenon of alternation of generations in cnidarians like Obelia is known as:
a) Metamerism
b) Bioluminescence
c) Metagenesis
d) Regeneration

* The earliest systems of classification were considered artificial because they:

a) Were based on evolutionary relationships
b) Used only gross superficial morphological characters
c) Considered internal features like anatomy and embryology
d) Were based on chemical constituents of the plant

* Which of these is a poisonous snake?

a) Chelone (Turtle)
b) Calotes (Garden lizard)
c) Naja (Cobra)
d) Alligator

* In brown algae, the plant body is usually attached to the substratum by a:

a) Stipe
b) Frond
c) Holdfast
d) Rhizoid

* Which animal phylum is exclusively marine?

a) Porifera
b) Coelenterata
c) Ctenophora
d) Mollusca

* The main plant body in pteridophytes is differentiated into:

a) Thallus and rhizoids
b) Root-like, leaf-like, and stem-like structures
c) True root, stem, and leaves
d) Gametophyte and sporophyte

* The second largest animal phylum is:

a) Arthropoda
b) Mollusca
c) Chordata
d) Annelida

* The haploid spores in bryophytes are produced by the reduction division of some cells of the:
 a) Gametophyte
b) Antheridium
c) Archegonium
d) Sporophyte

* What are the flagellated collar cells that line the spongocoel in sponges called?
a) Cnidocytes
b) Choanocytes
c) Flame cells
d) Amoebocytes

* Food is stored as floridean starch in members of which class of algae?

a) Chlorophyceae
b) Phaeophyceae
c) Rhodophyceae
d) Cyanobacteria

* What are the lateral appendages that help in swimming in aquatic annelids like Nereis?
a) Cilia
b) Flagella
c) Parapodia
d) Fins

* Which of the following are commonly found green algae?

a) Laminaria, Fucus, Sargassum
b) Porphyra, Polysiphonia, Gelidium
c) Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Spirogyra
d) Ectocarpus, Dictyota, Kelps

* Hemichordates have a rudimentary structure in the collar region similar to a notochord called
the:
a) Notochord
b) Stomochord
c) Nerve cord
d) Vertebral column

* In mosses, the first stage that develops directly from a spore is the:
a) Leafy stage
b) Protonema stage
c) Gemma cup
d) Sporophyte

* Which class of vertebrates is characterized by the presence of a dry and cornified skin and
epidermal scales or scutes?
 a) Amphibia
b) Aves
c) Reptilia
d) Mammalia

* Algae are of paramount importance as primary producers of energy-rich compounds, forming

the basis of food cycles for all:
a) Terrestrial animals
b) Aquatic animals
c) Land plants
d) Fungi

* All vertebrates are chordates, but all chordates are not vertebrates because:
a) Vertebrates lack a notochord.
b) In some chordates (protochordates), the notochord is not replaced by a vertebral column.
c) Chordates lack a vertebral column.
d) Vertebrates are not bilaterally symmetrical.

* The long bones of birds are hollow with air cavities, a condition known as:
a) Ossified
b) Cartilaginous
c) Pneumatic
d) Spongy

* Chemotaxonomy uses which of the following to resolve classification confusions?

a) Chromosome number and structure
b) Evolutionary relationships
c) All observable characteristics
d) Chemical constituents of the plant

* In Aschelminthes, sexes are separate, a condition known as:

a) Monoecious
b) Hermaphrodite
c) Dioecious
d) Asexual

* The sporophyte in mosses is more elaborate than that in:

a) Ferns
b) Liverworts
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms

* Which of the following is an oviparous (egg-laying) mammal?

a) Macropus
 b) Pteropus
c) Balaenoptera
d) Ornithorhynchus

* Which of these structures are absent in gymnosperms?

a) Ovules
b) Seeds
c) Ovary
d) Cones

* The central cavity in sponges is called the:

a) Gastro-vascular cavity
b) Coelom
c) Spongocoel
d) Mantle cavity

* Vegetative reproduction in algae occurs by:

a) Zoospores
b) Gamete fusion
c) Fragmentation
d) Oogamy

* Adult echinoderms are ________ symmetrical, but their larvae are ________ symmetrical.
a) bilaterally, radially
b) radially, bilaterally
c) asymmetrically, radially
d) radially, asymmetrically

* The male sex organ in bryophytes that produces biflagellate antherozoids is the:
a) Archegonium
b) Antheridium
c) Oogonium
d) Sporangium

* The body of a mollusc is unsegmented and divided into a distinct:

a) Head, thorax, and abdomen
b) Proboscis, collar, and trunk
c) Head, muscular foot, and visceral hump
d) Stipe, frond, and holdfast

* The first organisms to colonize rocks, playing a great ecological role, are:
a) Angiosperms
b) Ferns and horsetails
c) Mosses and lichens
 d) Algae and fungi

* Which of these is a living fossil among arthropods?

a) Locusta
b) Bombyx
c) Limulus
d) Apis

* Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to possess:

a) Seeds
b) Flowers
c) Vascular tissues
d) True roots

* Bony fishes have four pairs of gills covered by a/an:

a) Mantle
b) Operculum
c) Radula
d) Scute

* The sporophyte in bryophytes is not free-living but is attached to the:

a) Substratum
b) Photosynthetic gametophyte
c) Spore mother cell
d) Protonema

* Animals that are cold-blooded and cannot regulate their body temperature are called:
a) Homoiothermous
b) Poikilothermous
c) Endothermic
d) Viviparous

* Brown and red algae produce large amounts of water-holding substances known as:
a) Starch
b) Hydrocolloids
c) Proteins
d) Oil droplets

* The digestive system in Platyhelminthes is considered incomplete because it has:

a) No mouth
b) No anus
c) A single opening that serves as both mouth and anus
d) Only intracellular digestion
* The reduced male gametophyte in gymnosperms is called a:
a) Megaspore
b) Prothallus
c) Pollen grain
d) Antherozoid

* The two basic body forms in cnidarians are:

a) Larva and adult
b) Polyp and medusa
c) Gametophyte and sporophyte
d) Dorsal and ventral

* The smallest angiosperm is:

a) Eucalyptus
b) Sequoia
c) Wolffia
d) Rafflesia

* The heart of an amphibian is:

a) Two-chambered
b) Three-chambered
c) Four-chambered
d) Single-chambered

* The forelimbs of birds are modified into:

a) Fins
b) Tentacles
c) Wings
d) Claws

* In Urochordata, the notochord is present only in the:

a) Head of the adult
b) Tail of the adult
c) Larval tail
d) Entire life of the organism

* Cytotaxonomy is based on cytological information like:

a) Chemical constituents
b) Evolutionary relationships
c) Chromosome number, structure, and behaviour
d) Morphological characters

* The class of algae that lacks flagella entirely is:

a) Chlorophyceae
 b) Phaeophyceae
c) Rhodophyceae
d) All of the above

* In which phylum is the circulatory system of the closed type?

a) Arthropoda
b) Mollusca
c) Annelida
d) Echinodermata