SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Lucky Tamuk
Ph.D. Research Scholar
Dept. of Forestry, NERIST
Science and Engineering
• Science is about knowing, engineering is
about doing. Theoretical knowledge,
Concept, Skill
• Science is synthesis of knowledge by
understanding nature’s law, while
engineering is application of knowledge to
transform nature for serving people. Science Engineering
Practical knowledge,
Instruments, Products
Examples of Science and Engineering:
The camera and the Human Eye
SIMILARITIES
Human Eye Camera
1 The image is formed by a convex The image is formed by a convex lens
lens made of glass
2 A real and inverted image if formed A real and inverted image if formed on the
on retina photographic film
3 Pupils in the iris of the eye controls The diaphragm controls the amount of
the amount of light entering the light
eye
4 The time of exposure in the eye is The time of exposure is controlled by a
controlled by the eyelids shutter (aperture control)
DIFFERENCES
Human Eye Camera
Subjective device-eyes work in harmony with brain Absolute measurement device- uses a diaphragm to
to create images, uses live cell to detect light detect and measure light to capture images
Focal length of eye lens can be changed with the Focal length of camera is fixed
help of ciliary muscles
Focusing is done by changing the shape of the eye Focusing is done by changing the distance between
lens by the action of ciliary muscles the camera lens and the photographic film
The retina of the eye retains the impression of an Photographic film retains the image permanently
image for about 1/16th of a second
The same retina can be used for viewing an A photograph has to be changed
unlimited number of images
The angular region covered is about 150º The angular region covered is about 60º
Stereoscopic vision of eyes allows 3 dimensional Camera captures only 2 dimensional images
images
Eyes have blind spots Cameras do not have blind spots
Characteristics of Birds
Feathers are light, flexible,
used for protection and also
keep the bird warm.
Hollow bones- are very light.
Strong muscles.
Bernoulli’s principle
• Both birds and planes are capable of flying and the science has shown that a principle behind
this ability of flying in both cases is same but the mechanism is different.
COMPARISON BETWEEN FLYING OF AEROPLANE AND BIRDS
Forces Bird Airplane
Lift Muscles Propellers/airfoil
Drag Light weight skeleton and Streamlined shape
streamlined shape
Thrust Flapping of wings Movement of aeroplanes and
wings by engine
Control Tail and wings Wings
Propulsion Muscles Engine
Engineers applied the knowledge of avian adaptations of flying to develop aircraft.
The fundamentals of flight in aircraft is similar to that of bird.
Bird flying mechanism
Aircraft flying mechanism
Thank You
