FLEXISCOPE

HAND HELD HD & SD WAVEFORM

VECTOR AND AUDIO MONITOR

OPERATOR'S HANDBOOK

PROVISIONAL see page 2

© 2005 Hamlet Video International Ltd. All rights reserved

This handbook contains proprietary information of Hamlet Video International Limited and
may not be copied in whole or in part nor its contents disclosed to any third parties without
the express written consent of the company.

Hamlet Video International Limited.

Maple House, 11 Corinium Business Centre, Raans Road, Amersham, Bucks HP6 6FB England.
Main Line: +44 (0)1494 729 728, Fax Line: +44 (0)1494 723 237, Free phone (UK): 0500 625 525
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.hamlet.co.uk

Hamlet Video International USA service center , Tecads Inc, 23 Del Padre St, Foothill Ranch, CA 92610, U.S.A.
Tel: +1 (949) 597 1053, Fax: +1 (949) 597 1094. Toll Free Tel number: (866) 4 HAMLET
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.hamlet.us.com

IN CORRESPONDENCE CONCERNING THIS INSTRUMENT

PLEASE QUOTE THE SERIAL NUMBER PRINTED ON THE
LABEL AT THE REAR OF THE UNIT

1
THIS MANUAL RELATES ONLY TO BETA RELEASE 1.3

SOME SOFTWARE FEATURES ARE NOT

FULLY OPERATIONAL AT THIS TIME.

E & O E, Hamlet April 2005

2
 CONTENTS

GENERAL INFORMATION
List of figures ................................. 4
Warranty ................................. 5
Safety and EMC compliance ................................. 6
Overview ................................. 7
Case view ................................. 8

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Getting Started ................................. 9

Remote control:
List of key commands ................................. 14

Additional functions:
................................. 15

Power Source ................................. 16

Audio
To select the audio source ................................. 16
To select audio scales ................................. 16
To display audio vectors ................................. 16
Audio output ................................. 16

CALIBRATION ................................. 17

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ................................. 18

Troubleshooting ................................. 20
Analog Basics ................................. 21
Serial Digital Basics ................................. 25
HD Serial Digital Basics ................................. 30
Useful Websites ................................. 35
Contact details and customer support ................................. 35

3
 CONTENTS

FIGURES

Fig 1 Case View ................................. 8

Fig 2 Status Display ................................. 10
Fig 3 Top Menu ................................. 11
Fig 4 Waveform Sub Menu ................................. 11
Fig 5 Vector Sub Menu ................................. 11
Fig 6 Audio Sub Menu ................................. 12
Fig 7 Cursor Sub Menu ................................. 12
Fig 8 Logger Sub Menu ................................. 13
Fig 9 Alarm Sub Menu ................................. 13
Fig 10 Data Sub Menu ................................. 13
Fig 11 Display Sub Menu ................................. 13
Fig 12 Audio Scales ................................. 16
Fig 13 PAL Basics ................................. 22
Fig 14 NTSC Basics ................................. 23
Fig 15 Serial Digital Basics ................................. 28
Fig 16 625 Field Blanking ................................. 29
Fig 17 525 Field Blanking ................................. 29
Fig 18 HD Sample structure ................................. 31
Fig 19 HD Embedded audio ................................. 33

4
 GENERAL INFORMATION

WARRANTY

This product is manufactured by Hamlet Video International Ltd and is warranted to be free
from defects in components and factory workmanship under normal use and service for a
period of one year from the date of purchase.

FREE EXTENDED WARRANTY

The warranty period can be extended to two years by registering the instrument on the
Hamlet web site
http://www.hamlet.co.uk/serv.html

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

During the warranty period, Hamlet Video International Ltd will undertake to repair or at its
option, replace this product at no charge to its owner when failing to perform as specified,
provided the unit is returned shipping prepaid, to the factory or authorised service facility.

No other warranty is expressed or implied. Warranty shall not be applicable and be void
when this product is subjected to:

1. Repair work or alteration by persons other than those authorised by Hamlet Video
International Ltd in such a manner as to injure the performance, stability, reliability or
safety of this product.

2. Misuse, negligence, accident, act of God, war or civil insurrection.

3. Connection, installation, adjustment or use otherwise than in accordance with the

instructions in this manual.

Hamlet Video International Ltd reserves the right to alter specifications without notice. This
warranty does not affect the statutory rights of the UK customer.

5
 GENERAL INFORMATION

SAFETY COMPLIANCE
This product is manufactured and tested to comply with:

BS EN 61010-1 : 1993

Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use.

EMC COMPLIANCE

We: Hamlet Video International Limited

Maple House
11 Corinium Business Centre
Raans Road
Amersham
Bucks
HP6 6FB
England.

declare under our sole responsibility that the product:

HAMLET FLEXISCOPE

to which this declaration relates are in conformity with the following standards:

EN50081-1
Generic emissions standard for light industrial applications.
EN50082-1
Generic immunity standard for light industrial applications.

Following the provisions of EU EMC directives 89/336/EEC and 92/31/EEC.

NOTE. During the EMC certification of this product, shielded cables were used. We
recommend that they be used in operation.

6
 OVERVIEW

The Hamlet Flexiscope is a hand held HD and SD digital video waveform, vector and
embedded audio monitor.

The unit accepts all major high definition and standard definition serial digital video
standards It displays the waveforms on a high quality 3.5” quarter VGA high contrast TFT
liquid crystal display. All the standard displays are produced, including H and V Mag, Line
Select, Component Parade, Filter Parade and Bowtie.

Proprietary digital signal processing produces displays with the look of a CRT but without
the problems of scan burn, eht difficulties etc. The very low power consumption also allows
it to be used in the field from external 12V or its own internal rechargeable or alkaline
batteries.

An additional feature is displays of component vectors. There are also displays of four
channels of audio and a vector audio phase display. There is a headphone monitor output
jack. The unit also contains an SD/HD audio de-embedder which displays on the audio bar
graphs and outputs analog stereo audio to the monitor jack.

Remote control software allows all functions to be controlled from a personal computer and
for waveforms to be downloaded to the computer for display and storage.

The serial digital signal itself is analysed to give on-screen readouts of the EDH/CRC word,
various digital parameter errors and signal strength.

Measurement cursors are provided to allow amplitude and timing differences to be measured
between two points on the waveform display and to provide vector phase and amplitude on
the vector display.

7
CASE VIEW

Fig 1

8
 GETTING STARTED

UNPACKING

The Hamlet Flexiscope is shipped from the factory in a specially constructed packing case.
Exercise caution when unpacking the unit to prevent damage to the case finish. Examine the
unit carefully for damage which may have occurred during shipment

POWER REQUIREMENTS

The Flexiscope should be powered from the supplied adaptor, or a regulated supply of
12VDC of at least 0.5 amp rating, centre negative, to the 2.1mm power socket.
Alternatively, 6 x AA alkaline batteries can be fitted internally, giving over two hours of
continuous use.

SIGNAL AND CONTROL CONNECTIONS

The HD/SD serial input connection is made to the centre BNC socket, which is internally
terminated at 75 ohms.
The left BNC provides an equalised output of the input feed and the right BNC allows an
external timing reference to be input.

PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

The Hamlet Flexiscope should be visually inspected, cleaned and the calibration checked
every one year of operation.

CAUTION. The display screen is made from polycarbonate, which may soften if cleaned
with some organic solvents. Do not allow water to get inside the equipment case.

9
 GETTING STARTED

1. Connect the supplied 12V power adaptor output to the rear 2.1mm input jack.

2. Apply AC mains (100 - 250VAC) to the power adaptor.

3. Connect an SD or HD serial digital video feed to the centre BNC.

4. Press the front panel power button.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

STATUS DISPLAY

Fig 2

RG is the timebase range.

GN is the vertical gain.

SD is the television standard:

60 is HD 1080/60/2:1 726 is HD 720/60/1:1
50 is HD 1080/50/2:1 725 is HD 720/50/1:1
48 is HD 1080/24/sf
30 is HD 1080/30/1:1
25 is HD 1080/25/1:1 625 is SD 625
24 is HD 1080/24/1:1 525 is SD 525
1/1.001 standards show a # symbol before the standard number.

The internal real time clock displays on the right of the status screen.

10
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

TOP MENU

Fig 3
WAVEFORM SUB MENU

Fig 4

The horizontal and vertical shifts operate as with a normal oscilloscope, except that the
horizontal shift has a wrap round effect, so always shows a complete line.
GAIN toggles between x 1 and x 4 values.
FILTER sub menu allows selection of FLAT or LPASS filters.

VECTOR SUB MENU

Fig 5

11
 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

AUDIO SUB MENU

Fig 6

CURSOR SUB MENU

Fig 7

12
 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

LOGGER SUB MENU

Fig 8

ALARM SUB MENU

Fig 9

DATA SUB MENU

Fig 10

DISPLAY SUB MENU

Fig 11

13
 REMOTE CONTROL

To remote control the unit via the USB interface.

Install the software supplied on the CD-ROM on to a PC.

Connect the Flexiscope to the PC’s USB port by a USB to mini USB cable.

Switch on the Flexiscope. The first time, the PC will ask for the location of the drivers. Using
the browser display, select the required path as Program Files\Flexiscope and press OK.
This will load the drivers. Remove the CD-ROM and store safely.

Start the Flexiscope utility program on the PC. This allows downloads of error logs and the
current display of the Flexiscope.

14
 ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS

To start the unit in a known state

Powering on the unit normally will recall the settings previously used, but if previous settings
were non standard, factory set mode can be established to allow faster use.

Select the Data Icon [0101], then the Factory settings Icon [FCT].

To store and recall user settings

8 sets of front panel setting can be stored for later recall.

To Store Settings: From the WFM, VEC or AUD menus, select [AUX] then [STO] and a
number from 1 to 8.

To Recall the settings: From the WFM, VEC or AUD menus, select [AUX] then [RCL] and a
number from 1 to 8.

Power Source

The Hamlet Flexiscope can be powered from the supplied adaptor, providing 12V @ 1 amp
regulated, or from internal alkaline or rechargeable batteries.

Set the internal jumper to the CHG position when using NiCd or NiMh batteries. When using
alkaline batteries, this must be set to the off position to avoid possible battery damage.

Battery Charging

When external power is supplied, the batteries are automatically charged, whether or not the
unit is switched on.

15
 AUDIO

To select the audio source

From the Audio menu select [SRC], then select [GP1] to [GP4].

To select audio scales

From the Audio menu, select the Scale icon, then select the scale required.

Fig 12
Audio Vectors and Output
From the Audio menu, select [CH1] or [CH2] as the source for the vectorscope and audio
output signal.

Audio output
A 3.5mm stereo jack socket is provided, together with a menu driven volume control, to
monitor the displayed audio signal.

16
 CALIBRATION

The unit is calibrated and tested before leaving the factory and should not normally need to
be changed. If calibration is required, the only adjustment needed is to the analog display
levels on the input option board:

For the HD/SD option card.

1. On the main menu, select Data [0101] then [ANA] in the left box.

2. Back in the main menu, select WFM mode, then 3H range

3. Set RV504 for pedestal cancel in HD mode.

4. Set RV501,502,503 for 700mV Y,Cb,Cr levels.

5. Go back to the Data [0101] menu and select [DIG] in the left box.

17
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

INPUTS
SD/HD digital input. BNC connector. Input impedance 75 ohms. Max d.c. +/- 10V.
SMPTE 259M serial digital at 800mV p/p.
SMPTE 292M high definition serial digital at 800mV p/p.
Auto equalised up to 350 metres of cable at 270mb/s.
Auto equalised up to 140 metres of cable at 1.485Gb/s.

SD/HD digital output. BNC connector. Output impedance 75 ohms. Equalised version of the
serial digital input.

External ref input. BNC connector. Input impedance 75 ohms. Max dc +/- 3 volts.

AUDIO MONITORING OUTPUT

3.5mm stereo jack socket.

REMOTE CONTROL
USB

18
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

POWER
10 to 13V d.c. to 2.1mm jack. 0.5A max.

ENVIRONMENT
Indoor use, 5 to 45 deg.C. ambient to 2,000m.
Max humidity 80% to 31 deg.C decreasing to 50% at 40 deg.C.
Overvoltage category 2. Pollution degree 1.
Weight 2.5Kg.

DISPLAY AREAS

Display 71.5mm x 53.5mm viewing area.

Resolution 320 pixels wide x 240 pixels high.

WAVEFORM MONITOR

Response Flat is +/- 1% 50Hz to 5.5MHz (25.0MHz in HD modes).

Low Pass is -3db @ 1.5MHz, -60db @ 6.75MHz.

Timebase H, 2H and Hmag (x5).

V, 2V and Vmag.
Line select is any line from the frame.
Parade is YcrCb left to right.

VECTOR MONITOR

Video Traditional component display.

Accuracy 0.2%. B/width 3.4MHz (12MHz in HD).

Audio Stereo phase display of CH1 or CH2 audio pair.

Phase accuracy 2 deg.

Gamut Poly™ display of RGB signal shows up illegal colours.

AUDIO MONITOR

Accuracy Better than 0.1db over full scale range.

Characteristics BBC, EBU, Nordic and VU.

19
 TROUBLE SHOOTING

Unit appears dead:

Check that the 12V supply adaptor is plugged into the unit and that this is plugged into an
operational mains supply, or if unplugged, that the batteries are fresh.

No display:

No video displayed:
If there is no video signal connected to the selected input, the screen will display the
graticules only in waveform mode, or black in picture mode.

Unusual display:
The unit may be set to a non-standard mode. Reset the unit as follows.
Turn off, then turn on again whilst holding down the front panel xxxx key.

Displays not locked:

May be in external reference mode. Press the menu EXT REF key to cancel. This may need
pressing twice to step through the HFT mode.

No vector display:
Audio vectors may have been selected.

20
 ANALOG BASICS

COMPONENT COLOUR
The colour picture can be distributed in two forms, whether in 625 or 525 line standards:

RGB
This is the basic signal produced by a camera etc and fed to a colour c.r.t. It consists of three
primary signals, Red, Green and Blue. By convention, black level is at 0mV and peak
brightness is at + 700mV.

YCrCb
As the human eye can see less resolution with colours, the video can be modified to take
advantage of this to reduce the amount of information needed. The picture is separated into
monochrome and colour components. The monochrome Y signal is formed from:

Y = (0.3 x Red) + (0.59 x Green) + (0.11 x Blue) approximately.

This signal has black level at 0mV and maximum white level at + 700mV.

The colour components are two colour difference signals:

Cr = (R-Y) and Cb = (B-Y)

These are weighted to give maximum values of +/- 350mV and are bandwidth restricted to
half that of the Y component.

PAL Fig 8 shows an encoded 100% colour bar signal. The two colour components of Cr and
Cb are used to amplitude modulate a 4.43361875Mhz carrier signal. The two carriers are
arranged to be 90 degrees apart before they are combined with the Y luminance signal, so
that they can be decoded separately. The PAL system is designed to minimise hue errors by
phase reversing the Cr axis on alternate lines (Phase Alternate Line). This reversal is copied
by the decoder, so that the hue error will now alternate in phase. By combining the
chrominance from two adjacent lines, the error is thus cancelled out.

NTSC
Fig 9 shows an encoded SMPTE (75%) colour bar signal. The two colour components of Cr
and Cb are used to amplitude modulate a 3.579545Mhz carrier signal, but they are first
modified into I and Q signals to reduce the overall maximum chrominance level when
combined.

21
Fig 13

22
Fig 14

23
 SC-H RELATIONSHIP

PAL appears, at first sight, to be a four field system: field 1 being identical to field 5, and
field 3 having the opposite pal switch phase. However, if a switch or edit is made between
two video sources which are in the same pal sequence only, a small horizontal picture shift
will often be noticed, this is due to the relationship between subcarrier and line frequencies.
In order to avoid chroma patterning on monochrome receivers the PAL subcarrier frequency
was chosen to have a 90 degree offset per television line, with 25Hz added on so that any
remaining patterning would run through the picture:

F (pal) = (283.75 x 15.625KHz) + 25Hz = 4.43361875MHz

The drawback of this is that after one PAL frame of four fields the subcarrier will have
executed exactly 354689.50 cycles, so it will be 180 degrees shifted from its original phase at
the same sync point. Hence the subcarrier to horizontal sync (SC-H) phase will only repeat
every EIGHT fields.
A similar problem also exists in NTSC, except that it is a four field system rather than eight
field.

F (ntsc) = (227.5 x 15.73426373KHz) = 3.579545MHz

After one NTSC frame of two fields, the subcarrier will have executed exactly 119437.50
cycles, so it will then be exactly 180 degrees shifted from its original phase at the same sync
point hence the sc-h phase will only repeat every FOUR fields.

If a video edit or switch is made without regard to the above field sequence, there is a 50/50
chance of picking the wrong eight field match. This will cause an SC-H phase jump
producing a picture shift of half a cycle of subcarrier. Whilst this may be acceptable if cutting
to a different shot, in animation or tag-editing the shift would be very noticeable.
To produce reliable match frame edits it is therefore necessary to identify the correct field
sequence. In addition, if due to misalignment, the SC-H phase was displaced from the ideal
by 90 degrees, the field relationship would be uncertain.

Both these problems can be addressed by having an instrument which displays the subcarrier
phase to horizontal sync phasing. Zero SC-H phase has been defined as a positive zero-
crossing of subcarrier at the vertical sync point on field 1.

Systems can now be adjusted in the exactly correct SC-H phase to avoid uncertainty when
near to the 90 degree point. A video signal in the exactly wrong eight-field sequence would
show up as an 180 degree SC-H phase error.

24
 SERIAL DIGITAL BASICS

625 and 525 digital component video is produced by applying a 4:2:2 sampling structure to
the analog signal. This process is defined by a sub-set of international standards ITU-R
BT.601 and BT.656. (these were formerly known as CCIR-601 and CCIR-656. The label
'CCIR601' is commonly applied to digital video coded in this manner.)

The luminance (Y) component is sampled at 13.5 MHz, and the colour difference
components (U and V) are both sampled at 6.75 MHz. With 10 bit quantisation, this results in
a data stream of 10 bit words at a clock frequency of 27 MHz. If the signal source uses 8 bit
quantisation, 10 bit data is used with the two least significant bits of each sample code set to
binary zero. This is to maintain the same data rate.

The quantizing levels employed in the analog to digital conversion are set to give 66.4mV
headroom above peak white and 51.1mV below black. Coded U and V signals have 50mV
above and below their normal maximum and minimum excursions.

The synchronisation pulses are discarded in the coding process, and are replaced by Timing
Reference Signals (TRS) which are inserted into the data stream to serve the same purpose.
Two TRS's are used to synchronise the data stream, EAV (End of Active Video) and SAV
(Start of Active Video). These are placed at the beginning and end of the horizontal video
blanking period. see fig 10.

Each TRS consists of 4 words:

1) 3ff hex ie all '1's
2) 000 hex ie all '0's
3) 000 hex ie all '0's
4) XYZ, which determines the type of TRS pulse:

XYZ:
Bit 9: always '1'
Bit 8: 0 = frame 1 1 = frame 2
Bit 7: 0 = normal 1 = field blanking
Bit 6: 0 = SAV 1 = EAV
Bit 5: Bits used for Hamming correction.
Bit 4: Bits used for Hamming correction.
Bit 3: Bits used for Hamming correction.
Bit 2: Bits used for Hamming correction.
Bit 1: Always '0'
Bit 0: Always '0'

25
 SERIAL DIGITAL BASICS

The period between EAV and SAV is not used by normal video and is available for other
purposes eg: error checking, timecodes or embedded audio.

Illegal Values: The values 0 and 3FF hex are used solely by TRS pulses (EAV and SAV) they
must not appear anywhere in the active video area.

Out of Gamut: Values apart from the illegal values which should not be used.
Luminance is defined as being between peak white, 700mV 3AC, hex and
black, 0mV 040 hex.
Chroma is defined as being between max positive, 350mV 3C0, hex and
max negative, -350mV 040 hex.
The values above and below these are termed out of gamut.

The data is serialised using an NRZ (None Return to Zero) code to produce a 270 Mb/s
signal. This coding method removes any low frequency component and is insensitive to
polarity. The data has to be scrambled first to avoid the possible transmission of all '0's.
This data is output at 800mV p-p to normal 75 ohm video coaxial cable.

Due to the high frequencies, the cable losses are quite high, typically 10dB per 100 metres at
270 MHz. To allow acceptable cable lengths, automatic cable equalises are used at the
receiver which usually allow up to 300 metres of cable to be used. It is important that
standard cable is used, otherwise the equaliser will not compensate correctly.

Suitable cable is: PSF 2/3 BELDEN 8281 F&G 1.0/6.6

DIGITAL ERROR DETECTION OVERVIEW

In order to check if the digital video signal has been received correctly a Cyclic Redundancy
Check (CRC) can be made on each frame in the generating equipment, this four digit number
is then placed in a 'packet' and put in the EAV-SAV space of one line of each field.

At the receiving equipment the incoming video field also has a Cyclic Redundancy Check
number calculated, this value is then compared with the 4 digit number sent in the packet. If
the two numbers are not identical an error has occurred between transmission and reception
of the signal.

26
 SERIAL DIGITAL BASICS

This type of error detection is known as Error Detection and Handling or EDH and is defined
by SMPTE RP165. In practice two check sums are sent per frame, one for the active video
period and one for the full frame. A typical packet consists of:

The Header: (000, 3FF, 3FF) This always precedes an EDH packet.

Data ID: (1F4)

Block Number: (200)
Data Count: This contains the number of words that follow.
Active picture crc: 3 words
Full-field crc 3 words
Error flags: 3 words
Reserved: 7 words
Check Sum: This is used to test for transmission errors.

EMBEDDED AUDIO OVERVIEW

The period between the EAV and SAV markers can be used to send embedded digital audio
signals. This is known as SMPTE 272M. Up to 16 separate audio signals may be sent in a
single video channel. These are organised as four GROUPS of four signals, the four signals
are often two stereo pairs. Typically only one group will be used, giving two stereo pairs of
audio. The audio data is digitised in the sending equipment to 20 bits of resolution, usually at
a 48 KHz sample rate. Often only 16 bits are used in practice. The digitised data is arranged
in packets which are placed in the EAV-SAV space.
A typical packet consists of:

The Header: (000, 3FF, 3FF) This always precedes an audio packet.
Data ID: This contains the Audio Group number.
Block Number: AES blocks have 192 'frames' of audio data
Data Count: This contains the number of words that follow.
Audio Sample:
Audio Sample:
Audio Sample:
Audio Sample:
Check Sum: This is used to test for transmission errors.

Each audio sample consists of a sample of all four audio signals,

eg: Channel 1 left, Channel 1 right, Channel 2 left, Channel 2 right.
Each signal requires 3 words to hold all 20 bits data, thus each audio sample has 12 words in
it. Typically 3 or 4 audio samples are sent in each EAV-SAV period.
As with the video signal, words which consist of all '1's or all '0's are not allowed.

27
Fig 15

28
Fig 16/17

29
 HDTV SERIAL DIGITAL BASICS

BIT SERIAL DIGITAL INTERFACE DEFINED BY SMPTE 292M.

HDTV digital component video is produced by applying a 4:2:2 sampling structure to the
analog signal. The luminance component (Y) is sampled at 74.25 MHz, the colour difference
components U & V) are both sampled at 37.125 MHz.

The Y stream is quantised to 10 bits resolution and Timing Reference Signals (TRS) are
added at the beginning and end of the horizontal video blanking period.

The U & V streams are also quantised to 10 bits and then interleaved to give a C stream at
74.25 MHz. TRS are added at the beginning and end of the horizontal video blanking period.

The 74.25MHz Y and C streams are then interleaved to produce a single stream at
148.5MHz.
This data is then scrambled and serialised using a None Return to Zero (NRZ) code to
produce a 1.485 GHz signal.

The TRS at the end of the horizontal blanking period is called Start of Active Video (SAV) it
consists of 4 words:

1) 3FF hex ie all '1;s

2) 000 hex ie all '0's
3) 000 hex ie all '0's
4) XYZ, which determines the type of TRS pulse, consisting of:

Bit 9: Always '1'

Bit 8: 0=frame 1, 1=frame 2
Bit 7: 0=normal 1=field blanking
Bit 6: 0=SAV 1=EAV
Bit 5: Bits used for Hamming correction.
Bit 4: Bits used for Hamming correction.
Bit 3: Bits used for Hamming correction.
Bit 2: Bits used for Hamming correction.
Bit 1: Always 0
Bit 0: Always 0

The TRS at the beginning of the horizontal blanking period is called End of Active Video
(EAV) it consists of 8 words: The first 4 are the same as for SAV, followed by 2 words
containing the current line number and 2 words containing a Cyclic Redundancy Check
(CRC) for all the preceding words in the line. The period between EAV and SAV is not used
by normal video and may be used for embedded audio or timecode data.

ILLEGAL VALUES
The values 000 and 3FF hex are used solely by TRS pulses (EAV & SAV) they must not
appear anywhere in the active video area.

30
SAMPLE STRUCTURE

Fig 18

31
 PARALLEL DIGITAL INTERFACES

Several parallel video Standards can be used with the above serial interface. These are
defined in SMPTE 274M for 1920 x 1080 scanning and SMPTE 296M for 1280 x 720
scanning.

SMPTE 274M
Several sub-standards for this are defined:

1920 x 1080/60/2:1
1920 samples/active line 1080 active line/frame 30PsF segmented format.
74.25 MHz Sample frequency 2200 total samples/line 1125 total lines/frame

1920 x 1080/59.94/2:1
1920 samples/active line 1080 active line/frame 29.97PsF segmented format.
74.176 MHz Sample frequency 2200 total samples/line 1125 total lines/frame
This standard gives an exact frame rate compatibility with NTSC.

1920 x 1080/50/2:1
1920 samples/active line 1080 active line/frame 25PsF segmented format.
74.25 MHz Sample frequency 2640 total samples/line 1125 total lines/frame

1920 x 1080/30/1:1
1920 samples/active line 1080 active line/frame 30 Hz Progressive scan.
74.25 MHz Sample frequency 2200 total samples/line 1125 total lines/frame

1920 x 1080/29.97/1:1
1920 samples/active line 1080 active line/frame 29.97 Hz Progressive scan.
74.176 MHz Sample frequency 2200 total samples/line 1125 total lines/frame
This standard gives an exact frame rate compatibility with NTSC.

1920 x 1080/25/1:1
1920 samples/active line 1080 active line/frame 25 Hz Progressive scan.
74.25 MHz Sample frequency 2640 total samples/line 1125 total lines/frame

1920 x 1080/24/1:1
1920 samples/active line 1080 active line/frame 24 Hz Progressive scan.
74.25 MHz Sample frequency 2750 total samples/line 1125 total lines/frame

1920 x 1080/24sf
1920 samples/active line 1080 activelines/frame 24 Hz segmented frame
74.25 MHz sample frequency 2750 total samples/line 1125 total lines/frame

1920 x 1080/23.98/1:1
1920 samples/active line 1080 active line/frame 23.98 Hz Progressive scan.
74.176 MHz Sample frequency 2750 total samples/line 1125 total lines/frame

32
 HDTV SERIAL DIGITAL BASICS

SMPTE 296M
Several substandards for this are defined:

1280 x 720/60/1:1
1280 samples/active line 720 active line/frame 60 Hz Progressive scan.
74.25 MHz Sample frequency 1650 total samples/line 750 total lines/frame

1280 x 720/59.94/1:1
1280 samples/active line 720 active line/frame 59.94 Hz Progressive scan.
74.176 MHz Sample frequency 1650 total samples/line 750 total lines/frame

1280 x 720/50/1:1
1280 samples/active line 720 active line/frame 50 Hz Progressive scan.
74.25 MHz Sample frequency 1980 total samples/line 750 total lines/frame

EMBEDDED AUDIO

The period between EAV and SAV can be used to send embedded digital audio signals. This
is defined in SMPTE 299M. Up to 16 separate audio signals may be sent in a single video
channel. These are organised as four GROUPS of four signals, the four signals are often two
stereo pairs. Typically only one group will be used, giving two stereo pairs of audio. The
audio data is quantised in the sending equipment to 24 bits of resolution, usually at 48 KHz
sample rate in AES/EBU format. The digitised data is arranged in packets which are placed
in the EAV-SAV space.

A packet consists of:

Fig 19

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 HDTV SERIAL DIGITAL BASICS

The Header: (000, 3FF, 3FF)

Data ID: This contains the Audio group number.

Data block number: AES frames have 192 samples of audio data

Data Count: This contains the number of words that follow, always 218 hex

Clock: 2 words containing the number of video clocks that have elapsed between the first
word of EAV and the time the audio sample was made, it is used by the receiving equipment
to reconstruct the audio signal with the correct phase delay.

Audio Sample 1: Consists of four words

Audio Sample 2: Consists of four words

Audio Sample 3: Consists of four words

Audio Sample 4: Consists of four words

Error Correction Codes

Consist of six words used by the receiving equipment to detect or correct errors in the 24
words from the header to the last word of audio sample 4 inclusive.

Check Sum This is the sum of all previous words in the packet except the header words.
Each audio packet contains a sample of all four audio signals
eg: Channel 1 left, Channel 1 right, Channel 2 left and Channel 2 right.
Each audio signal requires 3 words to hold all 24 bits, thus each audio packet has 12 words of
audio data.
Typically one or two packets are sent in each EAV-SAV period.
These audio data packets are placed in the Chroma data stream only.

Audio Control Packets.

The audio control packet structure is similar to the audio data packet.
Data in the packet includes the audio sample rate eg 48 KHz,
the number of active channels out of the possible 4,
the delay information between Channel 1 audio and Channel 2
and delay information between Channel 3 audio and Channel 4.
Audio control packets are placed in the Luminance Stream, this is sent once per frame in the
second line after the switching point.

As with the video signal, words consisting of all '1's or all '0's are not allowed.

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 USEFUL WEBSITES

HAMLET www.hamlet.co.uk

HAMLET (USA) www.hamlet.us.com

SMPTE www.smpte.org Society of Motion Picture Television Engineers

DIN www.din.de German Standards Institute

EBU www.ebu.ch European Broadcasting Union

AES www.aes.org Audio Engineering Society

ITU www.itu.int International Telecommunication Union

CONTACT DETAILS AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT

For any form of assistance in maintaining your LCDSCOPE, please contact:

Hamlet Video International Limited.

Maple House, 11 Corinium Business Centre, Raans Road, Amersham, Bucks HP6 6FB
England.
Main Line: +44 (0)1494 729 728
Fax Line: +44 (0)1494 723 237
Free phone (UK): 0500 625 525
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.hamlet.co.uk

Hamlet Video International USA service center , Tecads Inc, 23 Del Padre St, Foothill
Ranch, CA 92610, U.S.A.
Tel: +1 (949) 597 1053
Fax: +1 (949) 597 1094
Toll Free Tel number: (866) 4 HAMLET
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.hamlet.us.com

In correspondence concerning this instrument, please quote the serial number, which you will
find printed on the label at the back of the unit.

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