Lesson 11

What Are Speech

Styles?
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● Speech style - a particular style of speaking when a person

interacts with others
● Speech style also indicates the level of formality with
which a person speaks
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● Dutch linguist Martin Joos (The Five Clocks) identified five

types of speech style:
○ Intimate

○ Casual

○ Consultative

○ Formal

○ Frozen

● These speech styles are also called language registers.

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Factors to Consider in Choosing a Speech Style

a. Audience – Who are you speaking with? What is your

relationship with him, her, or them?

Examples: classmates, friends, mother, priest, principal

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b. Topic – What is the subject of the conversation or

the communication situation? Is it a serious topic or a
lighthearted one?
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Subject of the conversation Communication situation

science fiction stories writing workshop participants

planned articles and editorials editors and journalists of a

publication
modern-day existentialism discussion between
philosophers
favorite musicians friendly conversations
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c. Purpose – What is the objective of the communication? What

do you and the other participants in the conversation aim to
achieve?
Subject of Communication Objective of the communication
the situation
conversation
science fiction writing workshop to analyze the elements and
stories participants themes of science fiction stories
planned editors and journalists of to plan the contents of the next
articles and a publication issue of a newspaper or magazine
editorials
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Subject of Communication Objective of the

the situation communication
conversation
modern-day discussion between to discuss the prevalence of
existentialism philosophers existentialism among the
youth of today
favorite friendly to share musical opinions with
musicians conversations people you are comfortable
with
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d. Location – Where is the communication being held? What is the

environment like?
Subject of the Communication Objective of the Location
conversation situation communication
science fiction writing workshop to analyze the elements and classroom setting
stories participants themes of science fiction
stories
planned editors and to plan the contents of the workplace:
articles and journalists of a next issue of a newspaper or publishing house
editorials publication magazine
 Learn about It!

Subject of the Communication Objective of the Location

conversation situation communication
modern-day discussion to discuss the prevalence philosophical
existentialism between of existentialism among forums
philosophers the youth of today
favorite friendly to share musical opinions casual
musicians conversations with people you are conversations at
comfortable with the cafeteria
ORAL COMMUNICATION

QUARTER 1-LESSON 12
TYPES OF
• It is a particular style of speaking
when a person interacts with
others

• Speech style also indicates the

level of formality with which a
person speaks
TYPES OF

CASUAL
INTIMATE
CONSULTATIVE
FORMAL
FROZEN
• Characterized by a complete absence
of social inhibitions
• Used by participants who share a very
close relationship
• Participants share a completely
private vocabulary.
• Conversations are usually done in private.
• Participants usually use short, incomplete
utterances.
• Grammar and proper word choice are not
given importance.
• Nonverbal cues are often used to convey
messages.
• Participants share inside jokes.
• Words that signal intimacy are used.
 EXAMPLE
Wife: Sweetheart, our tenth anniversary is
coming up! Do you have any ideas on how we
should celebrate?
Husband: Well, dear, I was thinking we could get
my parents to look after the kids for a week and
go on a second honeymoon. What do you think?
Wife: Oh, that would be lovely!
Husband: I’m glad you think so! Let’s take a look
at some possible destinations then, shall we?
• It is relaxed or informal dialogue between friends,
peers, colleagues, or family
• Participants may use group language so only
members of the group can understand it.
a. The tone is conversational. Slang,
colloquial words, elliptical sentences,
and informal contractions are used.
b. General words rather than technical
ones are used.
c. Interruptions are common.
d. Nicknames are used in addressing one
another.
 EXAMPLE
Friend 1: Hey, Nicky. Wanna watch a movie
this weekend? That new superhero flick is
premiering tomorrow. We could catch the
first weekend show.
Friend 2: Well, I’m still not done with the
paper due Monday. Lemme see if I can get it
done by Friday.
Friend 1: Alrighty! Just lemme know soon as
you can.
• The most operational style among
the other styles
• Used in semiformal situations in
which a speaker needs to provide
background information because
the listener (or addressee) may not
be able to understand without it.
• Used in ordinary or routine transactions
that lead to an outcome or result
• Used in business or in other professional
situations
• Interruptions are allowed.
• Speaker chooses words with some care,
but the flow of conversation is still
instantaneous.
 EXAMPLE
Situation: A woman is consulting with a banking
representative.
Banking Rep.: It’s very nice to meet you, Mrs. Cruz. My
name is Jerome de Leon. How may I help you today?
Man: I would like to apply for a credit card, but I don’t
know where to start.
Banking Rep.: I see. I can certainly help! We offer
many different kinds of credit cards to suit our clients’
needs.
Man: Oh, really? What kinds of credit cards do you
have?
• Lack of listener participation
• Often used in formal situations
wherein there is only one-way
communication
• The speaker needs to plan ahead his
or her utterances, or what he or she is
going to say.
• Pronunciation is very clear.
• Words are carefully chosen, and grammar
rules are followed.
• Also used in sermons, speeches, and
announcements
• Also the style that is used for
academic and business writing
 EXAMPLE
1. A CEO giving a talk about ethical
business practices
2. A researcher presenting his findings
to the board of directors
3. A representative of an animal welfare
organization giving a speech about
cruelty-free beauty products
• Also called the oratorical style
• The most formal style and is reserved for
very formal situations such as in religious
services, state affairs, and court
proceedings
• Used to address or is given before an
audience of absolute strangers
• Uses prescribed and highly formal
language
• Also called the oratorical style
• The most formal style and is reserved for
very formal situations such as in religious
services, state affairs, and court
proceedings
• Used to address or is given before an
audience of absolute strangers
• Uses prescribed and highly formal
language
a. It uses “frozen” language.
b. It has a symbolic or historical
nature.
c. It is typically prescribed by law,
custom, or ritual.
d. It involves certain fixed or stock
expressions that are rarely or never
altered or changed.
1.A congregation reciting the
“Apostle’s Creed
2. Members of a college organization
giving their oath to adhere to the
organization’s values, mission, and
vision
3.A religious novice reciting her vows
in the ceremony to become a full-
fledged sister