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The document contains solutions to various quantum physics problems, including calculating the lowest energy of a confined proton, defining group and phase speed, and analyzing quantum tunneling effects on transmission and reflection probabilities. It also discusses the relationship between permissible states and energy for electrons and calculates the number of free electrons and occupation probability in silver at zero kelvin. Key findings include the lowest energy of a proton as approximately 0.532 eV and the near-zero transmission probability for an electron encountering a significantly wider potential barrier.

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6 views7 pages

Quantam Answers4

The document contains solutions to various quantum physics problems, including calculating the lowest energy of a confined proton, defining group and phase speed, and analyzing quantum tunneling effects on transmission and reflection probabilities. It also discusses the relationship between permissible states and energy for electrons and calculates the number of free electrons and occupation probability in silver at zero kelvin. Key findings include the lowest energy of a proton as approximately 0.532 eV and the near-zero transmission probability for an electron encountering a significantly wider potential barrier.

Uploaded by

unofit247
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Quantum Physics – One Page Answers

Question 1C Date & Time: 08-Jul-2023 (2 Marks)


Q: A proton is confined to move in a one-dimensional box of length L = 0.20 nm. Find the
lowest possible energy E₁ of the proton.

Answer:
This is a classic 'particle in a 1D box' quantum mechanics problem.

The energy levels are given by:


Eₙ = (n²h²) / (8mL²), where:
- n = 1 for ground state
- h = Planck's constant = 6.63×10⁻³⁴ Js
- m = mass of proton = 1.67×10⁻²⁷ kg
- L = 0.20 nm = 0.20×10⁻⁹ m

E₁ = (1² × (6.63×10⁻³⁴)²) / (8 × 1.67×10⁻²⁷ × (0.20×10⁻⁹)²)


≈ 8.52 × 10⁻²⁰ J
≈ 0.532 eV

Final Answer: E₁ ≈ 0.532 eV

Question 3A Date & Time: 08-Jul-2023 (5 Marks)


Q: Define (i) group speed and (ii) phase speed of a wave packet. Show that the group speed
of a wave packet is equal to the particle speed for a free non-relativistic quantum particle.
Question 4C Date & Time: 08-Jul-2023 (3 Marks)
Q: An electron with energy 2.5 eV is incident on potential barrier of height 4.5 eV and width
1 nm. If the width of the barrier is increased to ten times, how will the transmission and
reflection probability be affected?

Answer:
This is a quantum tunneling problem. Tunneling probability (T) decreases exponentially
with barrier width.

Transmission coefficient:
T ∝ exp[-2αL], where α = √[2m(V₀ - E)] / ħ

- If width L becomes 10×, T becomes:


T_new ∝ exp[-2α(10L)] = (T_old)^10
Transmission drops sharply (nearly zero)
Reflection increases to nearly 1

Conclusion:
- Transmission ≈ 0 (almost no particle passes)
- Reflection ≈ 1 (almost all particles reflect)
Question 5B Date & Time: 08-Jul-2023 (5 Marks)
Q: Prove that for an electron (or hole), the number of permissible states per unit volume is
directly proportional to the square root of the energy (E), i.e., g(E) ∝ √E.
Answer:
Question 5C Date & Time: 08-Jul-2023 (3 Marks)
Q: The Fermi level in silver is 5.5 eV at zero kelvin. Calculate (i) the number of free electrons
per unit volume and (ii) the probability of occupation for electrons with energy 5.6 eV in
silver at the same temperature.

Answer:
(i) Number of free electrons per unit volume:
Using: E_F = (ħ²/2m)(3π²n)^{2/3}
Rearranged: n = (2mE_F / ħ²)^{3/2} / (3π²)
After substitution, you get: n ≈ 5.8 × 10²⁸ electrons/m³

(ii) Probability of Occupation:


Using Fermi-Dirac distribution at T = 0 K:
f(E) = 1 if E < E_F, 0 if E > E_F
Since 5.6 eV > 5.5 eV ⇒ f(E) = 0
Final Answers:
n ≈ 5.8 × 10²⁸ electrons/m³
f(5.6 eV) = 0

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