Here are the solutions to all the questions from the provided physics exam paper, organized

by question number.

Section A (Multiple Choice)

1. Sum with Significant Figures

●​ Question: The sum of the numbers 436.32, 227.2 and 0.301 in appropriate significant
figures.
●​ Solution:
1.​ Add the numbers: 436.32+227.2+0.301=663.821.
2.​ In addition, the result must be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the
number with the least number of decimal places.
3.​ 227.2 has only one decimal place.
4.​ Rounding 663.821 to one decimal place gives 663.8.
●​ Answer: (c) 663.8

2. Unit Conversion (Young's Modulus)

●​ Question: Young's modulus of steel is 1.9×1011N/m2. Express this in CGS units
(dyne/cm²).
●​ Solution:
○​ Given: 1N=105 dyne and 1m=100 cm⟹1m2=(100 cm)2=104 cm2.
○​ 1.9×1011m2N​=1.9×1011104 cm2105 dyne​
○​ =1.9×1011×105−4cm2dyne​=1.9×1011×101=1.9×1012cm2dyne​
●​ Answer: (c) 1.9×1012

3. Same Dimensions
●​ Question: Which two physical quantities have the same dimension?
●​ Solution:
○​ Dimension of Energy (Work) = Force × Distance = [MLT−2][L]=[ML2T−2].
○​ Dimension of Torque = Force × Perpendicular Distance = [MLT−2][L]=[ML2T−2].
○​ Energy and Torque have the same dimensions.
●​ Answer: (a) Energy and Torque

4. Unit Vector
●​ Question: If a unit vector is represented by 0.5i^+0.5j^​−ck^, find the value of 'c'.
●​ Solution:
 ○​ The magnitude of a unit vector is 1.
○​ (0.5)2+(0.5)2+(−c)2​=1
○​ Square both sides: 0.25+0.25+c2=1
○​ 0.5+c2=1⟹c2=0.5⟹c=0.50​
●​ Answer: (c) 0.50​

5. Retardation of a Particle
●​ Question: Velocity is given by v=12−3t2. Find the retardation when velocity is zero.
●​ Solution:
1.​ Find the time when velocity is zero: v=12−3t2=0⟹3t2=12⟹t2=4⟹t=2 s.
2.​ Find the acceleration by differentiating velocity: a=dtdv​=−6t.
3.​ Calculate acceleration at t=2 s: a=−6(2)=−12 m/s2.
4.​ Retardation is the positive value of deceleration, so it is 12 m/s².
●​ Answer: (d) 12 m/s (Note: The unit in the option is likely a typo and should be m/s²)

6. Dimension of Gravitational Constant (G)

●​ Question: What is the dimension of universal gravitational constant (G)?
●​ Solution:
○​ From Newton's Law F=Gr2m1​m2​​, we get G=m1​m2​Fr2​.
○​ [G]=[M][M][MLT−2][L]2​=[M2][ML3T−2]​=[M−1L3T−2]
●​ Answer: (a) [M−1L3T−2]

7. Angle Between Vectors

●​ Question: The angle between A=i^+j^​and B=i^−j^​.
●​ Solution:
○​ Use the dot product: A⋅B=∣A∣∣B∣cosθ.
○​ A⋅B=(1)(1)+(1)(−1)=1−1=0.
○​ Since the dot product is zero, the vectors are perpendicular.
●​ Answer: (b) 90°

Section B (Assertion-Reason)

8. Displacement and Distance

●​ Assertion (A): Displacement is a vector quantity. (True)
●​ Reason (R): Distance is a scalar quantity. (True)
●​ Analysis: Both statements are correct, but the reason does not explain the assertion.
They are independent facts about two different quantities.
●​ Answer: (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.

9. Average Velocity
●​ Assertion (A): A person walks 30 m west and 40 m north... The average velocity of his
journey is 1.2 m/s. (True)
●​ Reason (R): Average velocity = Distance travelled / Time-Taken (False)
●​ Analysis:
○​ Reason: The formula given is for average speed. Average velocity is Displacement /
Time. So, Reason is false.
○​ Assertion:
■​ Time taken: t=t1​+t2​=230​+1.540​=15+380​=3125​s.
■​ Displacement: 302+402​=900+1600​=2500​=50 m.
■​ Average velocity magnitude = TimeDisplacement​=125/350​=125150​=1.2 m/s.
Assertion is true.
●​ Answer: (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Section C

10. Dimensions from a Relation

●​ Question: Find the dimension of a x b in the relation P=bxa−t2​where P is pressure, x is
distance, t is time.
●​ Solution:
1.​ By the principle of homogeneity, in (a−t2), the dimension of 'a' must be the same as
t2. So, [a]=[T2].
2.​ The dimension of Pressure is [P]=AreaForce​=[ML−1T−2].
3.​ Rearranging the formula: [b]=[P][x][a−t2]​=[ML−1T−2][L][T2]​=[MT−2][T2]​=[M−1T4].
4.​ Dimension of a×b = [a][b]=[T2][M−1T4]=[M−1T6].
●​ Answer: The dimension of a×b is [M−1T6].

10. (OR) Dimensional Correctness

●​ Question: Check the correctness of v=λ1​dk​​.
●​ Solution:
○​ LHS dimension: [v]=[LT−1].
○​ RHS dimensions:
■​ Wavelength [λ]=[L].
■​ Density [d]=[ML−3].
■​ Elasticity [k]=Pressure=[ML−1T−2].
 ○​ RHS = [L]1​[ML−3][ML−1T−2]​​=[L]1​[L2T−2]​=[L]1​[LT−1]=[T−1].
○​ Since [LT−1]=[T−1], the formula is dimensionally incorrect.

11. Derivation of Second Equation of Motion

●​ Question: Derive s=ut+21​at2 using a v-t graph.
●​ Solution:
○​ The displacement (s) is the area under the velocity-time graph for an object with
initial velocity 'u' and uniform acceleration 'a'.
○​ This area forms a trapezoid.
○​ Area = 21​×(sum of parallel sides)×(height)
○​ The parallel sides are the initial velocity (u) and final velocity (v). The height is time
(t).
○​ s=21​(u+v)t
○​ From the first equation of motion, we know v=u+at. Substituting this:
○​ s=21​(u+(u+at))t=21​(2u+at)t
○​ s=ut+21​at2. (Derived)

12. New System of Units

●​ Question: Surface tension of mercury is 540 dyne/cm. Find its value if mass is 1 kg,
length is 1m, and time is 1 minute.
●​ Solution:
○​ Dimension of surface tension is [MT−2].
○​ Using the conversion formula n2​=n1​[M2​M1​​]a[L2​L1​​]b[T2​T1​​]c:
○​ n2​=540[1 kg1 g​]1[1 min1 s​]−2
○​ n2​=540[1000 g1 g​][60 s1 s​]−2=540×10001​×(60)2
○​ n2​=1000540×3600​=54×36=1944.
●​ Answer: The value is 1944 in the new system of units.

13. Area of Parallelogram

●​ Question: Find the area of a parallelogram with adjacent sides A=4i^+3j^​and B=−3i^+6j^​.
●​ Solution:
○​ Area is the magnitude of the cross product ∣A×B∣.
○​ A×B=​i^4−3​j^​36​k^00​​=k^((4)(6)−(3)(−3))=k^(24+9)=33k^.
○​ The magnitude is ∣33k^∣=33.
●​ Answer: The area is 33 square units.

14. Triangle Law of Vector Addition

●​ Statement: If two vectors are represented by two sides of a triangle in sequence
(magnitude and direction), then the third side of the triangle, taken in the opposite
direction, represents the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector.
 ●​ Resultant Magnitude: R=P2+Q2+2PQcosθ​
●​ Resultant Direction: The angle α that the resultant makes with vector P is given by
tanα=P+QcosθQsinθ​.
Image of triangle law of vector addition diagram

15. Dimensional Analysis for Period of Oscillation

●​ Question: Find the expression for the period (T) of a fluid star in terms of radius (R),
density (ρ), and gravitational constant (G).
●​ Solution:
1.​ Assume T∝RaρbGc.
2.​ Write dimensions: [T1]=[L]a[ML−3]b[M−1L3T−2]c.
3.​ Equate powers:
■​ M: b−c=0⟹b=c
■​ T: −2c=1⟹c=−1/2. So, b=−1/2.
■​ L: a−3b+3c=0⟹a−3(−1/2)+3(−1/2)=0⟹a=0.
4.​ So, T∝R0ρ−1/2G−1/2.
●​ Answer: T=ρG​k​(where k is a dimensionless constant).

16. Ball Thrown from a Building

●​ Given: u=20 m/s, initial height = 25 m, g=−10 m/s2.
●​ (a) How high will the ball rise?
○​ At max height, v=0. Using v2=u2+2as:
○​ 02=202+2(−10)s⟹0=400−20s⟹s=20 m.
○​ Answer: The ball will rise 20 m from the top of the building.
●​ (b) How long before it hits the ground?
○​ The net displacement is -25 m. Using s=ut+21​at2:
○​ −25=20t+21​(−10)t2⟹5t2−20t−25=0.
○​ t2−4t−5=0⟹(t−5)(t+1)=0.
○​ Since time cannot be negative, t=5 s.
○​ Answer: It will hit the ground after 5 seconds.

OR (Page 4): Particle Motion

●​ Given: u=3 m/s, a=0.60 m/s2.
●​ (a) Distance in first 3 seconds:
○​ s=ut+21​at2=(3)(3)+21​(0.6)(3)2=9+2.7=11.7 m.
●​ (b) Time to reach 9.0 m/s:
○​ v=u+at⟹9=3+0.6t⟹6=0.6t⟹t=10 s.
●​ (c) Distance to reach 9.0 m/s:
○​ v2=u2+2as⟹92=32+2(0.6)s⟹81=9+1.2s⟹72=1.2s⟹s=60 m.
Section E (Case Study)

17. Projectile Motion

●​ Given: u=20 m/s, angle is 30° with the vertical, so angle with horizontal is
θ=90°−30°=60°. g=10 m/s2.
●​ (a) The maximum height reached
○​ H=2gu2sin2θ​=2(10)(20)2sin2(60°)​=20400×(3​/2)2​=20400×3/4​=20300​=15 m.
○​ Answer: (i) 15 m
●​ (b) The horizontal range of the ball
○​ R=gu2sin(2θ)​=10(20)2sin(120°)​=10400×(3​/2)​=203​m.
○​ Answer: (iv) None of these (The calculated value is approx 34.6 m)
●​ (c) The time to reach the highest point
○​ tascent​=gusinθ​=1020sin(60°)​=2×23​​=3​s.
○​ Answer: (iii) 3​s
●​ (d) The time for which the ball is in air
○​ Time of flight T=2×tascent​=23​s.
○​ Answer: (ii) 23​s

Section (Page 6 OR)

OR (a) Stone Thrown from a Cliff

●​ Given: Horizontal throw, ux​=15 m/s, height h=490 m, g=9.8 m/s2.
●​ (i) Time to reach the ground:
○​ Vertical motion: s=uy​t+21​gt2⟹490=0+21​(9.8)t2.
○​ 490=4.9t2⟹t2=100⟹t=10 s.
○​ Answer: 10 seconds.
●​ (ii) Speed at impact:
○​ vx​=ux​=15 m/s.
○​ vy​=uy​+gt=0+(9.8)(10)=98 m/s.
○​ Final speed v=vx2​+vy2​​=152+982​=225+9604​=9829​≈99.14 m/s.
○​ Answer: Approximately 99.14 m/s.

OR (b) Range for Complementary Angles

●​ Proof:
 ○​ Let the angles be θ and (90°−θ).
○​ Range:
■​ R1​=gu2sin(2θ)​.
■​ R2​=gu2sin(2(90°−θ))​=gu2sin(180°−2θ)​. Since sin(180°−x)=sin(x), R2​=gu2sin(2θ)​.
■​ Thus, R1​=R2​(Range is the same).
○​ Maximum Height:
■​ H1​=2gu2sin2θ​.
■​ H2​=2gu2sin2(90°−θ)​. Since sin(90°−x)=cos(x), H2​=2gu2cos2θ​.
■​ Unless θ=45°, sin2θ=cos2θ.
■​ Thus, H1​=H2​(Maximum height is different).

Section F

18. (a) Scalar and Vector Products

●​ Given: a=3i^−4j^​+5k^ and b=−2i^+j^​−3k^.
●​ Scalar Product (Dot Product):
○​ a⋅b=(3)(−2)+(−4)(1)+(5)(−3)=−6−4−15=−25.
○​ Answer: -25
●​ Vector Product (Cross Product):
○​ a×b=​i^3−2​j^​−41​k^5−3​​
○​ =i^(12−5)−j^​(−9−(−10))+k^(3−8)
○​ =7i^−j^​−5k^
○​ Answer: 7i^−j^​−5k^

18. (b) Graph Analysis

●​ (i) Draw acceleration-time graph:
○​ 0-5 s: Slope = a=5−020−0​=4 m/s2.
○​ 5-10 s: Slope = a=10−520−20​=0 m/s2.
○​ 10-14 s: Slope = a=14−100−20​=−5 m/s2.
○​ The graph consists of three horizontal line segments at a=4, a=0, and a=-5 for the
respective time intervals.
●​ (ii) Find total distance travelled:
○​ Distance is the area under the v-t graph (a trapezoid).
○​ Area = 21​(14+5)×20=21​(19)×20=190 m.
○​ Answer: 190 m.