24CS303 – DBMS

Important 2 Mark Questions

What is data definition language?

What is the syntax for creating a table in SQL?

How to modify or alter an existing table in SQL.

What is a PROJECT operation?

How to rename an existing table in SQL?

Define Data Manipulation Language

List the DML commands in SQL.

List the aggregation functions in SQL.

What is the function of the SUM aggregate function in SQL, and how is it used in queries?

Write about the REVOKE command in SQL.

What are the advantages of DBMS?

List any eight applications of DBMS.

Define Data Models

Define Relational model.

How do data represent in network model?

Write about the role of Transaction manager.

Define Hierarchical Model

List the role of DBA.

What are the Challenges in file system

What are the components of storage manager?

Define instance and schema?

Write about role of storage manager.

List the levels of Data Abstraction

Why should we use constraints in Relational data model? List the types of integrity constraints.

What is a data dictionary?

List the data structures implemented by the storage manager

Write about entity relationship model?

Define Data Abstraction

Define Data Independence

What is the Difference between Physical and Logical Data Independence?

Define the terms 1) Physical schema 2) logical schema.

Define entity and entity set.

Define E-R model.

Define E-E-R model.

What is the purpose of the FOREIGN KEY constraint?

Describe the role of a view in SQL

What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE commands?

Explain the purpose of the CHECK constraint.

Write an SQL statement to create a table named Students with columns for StudentID, Name, and Age.

How would you insert a new record into the Students table?

How can you delete a student record with StudentID 1 from the Students table?

Write an SQL query to create a view named AdultStudents that shows students aged 18 and above.

Name the Categories of SQL Commands?

What is relationship?

What are derived attributes?

What are composite attributes?

Why we need ER Diagram?

Name the three levels of database architecture.

What is the purpose of the UNIQUE constraint in SQL?

What is the function of the AUTO_INCREMENT attribute in SQL?

What is a composite key?

Illustrate the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR data types.

Define TCL.

Define ROLLBACK statements in SQL.

What is embedded SQL?

What is static SQL?

What is dynamic SQL?

List the Types of Triggers

What is a procedure in SQL?

Define Database Management System.

Important 13 Mark Questions

Differentiate between the various types of users in a DBMS environment by analyzing their roles,
responsibilities, and interactions with the system.

Analyze the key characteristics of databases with suitable examples.

ii) Examine the concept of database schema and its role in database design.

Using a neat diagram, analyze and explain the structure of DBMS components along with their features.

Examine the three categories of data models in DBMS, and interpret their structural differences using
suitable examples.

Interpret the key components of an ER diagram and analyze the entities using illustrative examples.

Examine the Three Schema Architecture of a DBMS and analyze how each level contributes to data
abstraction.

Develop and justify an ER diagram for customer-loan interactions in a banking context, ensuring
appropriate representation of cardinality and constraints.

Design an ER diagram for an online bookstore and justify your modeling choices based on customer,
inventory, and transaction requirements.

Formulate an ER model for a car rental company and critically assess how well the design captures the
operational workflows and data dependencies.

Propose an ER diagram for an online bookstore and critically evaluate how well the model represents
various functional components such as inventory, customers, and orders.

Propose an ER diagram for a library management system and critically evaluate how effectively the model
represents key functional components such as books, members and borrowing transactions takes place.

Design and validate an ER diagram for a University Database Management System by evaluating academic
and administrative data needs.

Analyze the steps involved in mapping an ER diagram to a relational schema, and evaluate how each step
preserves the structural and semantic integrity of the database model

Evaluate the process of transforming an ER diagram into relational schemas, and justify each conversion
step.

Analyze a real-world scenario to identify generalization and specialization hierarchies and construct an
EER diagram that models them effectively.

Assess the significance of Extended ER (EER) diagrams in advanced data modeling, and evaluate different
EER components such as generalization, specialization, and aggregation using examples.
Analyze a real-world scenario involving aggregation in a database context and construct an EER diagram
that accurately represents the relationship among entities.

Explain the concept of entities and relationships in an ER diagram. Define the following terms:
 Entity
 Attribute
 Relationship
 Cardinality
Provide examples of each term from a simple scenario, such as a "hospital management System" where
books are borrowed by members.

Examine the different methods for mapping a one-to-one relationship from an ER model to a relational
schema, and analyze the scenarios in which each method provides optimal design efficiency.

Discuss the concept of weak entities and their importance in ER diagrams. How are weak entities
represented and what role do they play in database design? Provide an example involving "Orders" and
"Order Items" in an e-commerce system.

Define the necessary tables (Student, Course, Enrollment, Instructor, and Grades) with appropriate data
types and constraints, including primary keys, foreign keys, NOT NULL, and UNIQUE constraints.

Examine how multivalued and composite attributes affect relational schema design, and analyze the
strategies used to transform them into well-structured relational tables

Examine the concept of dynamic SQL and interpret how it is applied in real-time scenarios using examples.

Interpret data from the Student table by formulating SQL queries

Student(SID, Name, Dept, Marks)
a) Write a query to display all students from the ‘CSE’ department.
b) Display the names of students who scored more than 80 marks.
c) Display students sorted by marks in descending order.

Create a table called Employee with appropriate data types and constraints (Primary Key, Not Null, and
Unique). Then, insert 3 records and display all the employees whose salary is greater than ₹40,000.

Create a view named HighAchievers from a table Student(SID, Name, Dept, Marks) to include only those
students who scored above 85. Then, write a query using the view to list the names and departments of
these high achievers.

Develop and evaluate a stored procedure that takes a ProductID as input and increases its price by 10% if
the current stock is less than 50. Demonstrate its execution with sample data from a Product table.

Analyze how database triggers can be used to maintain audit trails by capturing deletion activities in Orders
table. The trigger should capture the OrderID, deletion time, and the user who performed the deletion

Interpret how SQL functions can be used to implement a function that returns the highest-paid employee’s
name from the Employee table.

Examine how a check constraint ensures the EndDate of an event is always after the StartDate. Discuss
how this constraint helps maintain data integrity.

Analyze the construction of dynamic SQL query that allows users to filter results from a Products table
based on various optional criteria (e.g., category, price range), and evaluate strategies to prevent SQL
injection risks.
Write an SQL query that retrieves the top 5 employees with the highest salaries from each
department. Explain how you would implement this using functions.

Apply various SQL clauses such as SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, and ORDER BY
in queries, and demonstrate their usage with suitable examples.

Consider the following relation:

Emp(ename,street,city)
Works(ename,companyname,salary)
Company(companyname,city)
Manages(ename,managername)
Give the SQL DDL definition of this database. Identify referential integrity constraints that should hold
and include them in the DDL definition.

Analyze the roles of DML and DDL in SQL, and evaluate their impact on database structure and data
manipulation with appropriate examples

Examine the various types of constraints in SQL and analyze how they enforce data integrity and
consistency within a relational database, using examples to support your explanation

Analyze the construction of dynamic SQL query that allows users to filter results from a Products table
based on various optional criteria (e.g., category, price range), and evaluate strategies to prevent SQL
injection risks.

Write an SQL query that retrieves the top 5 employees with the highest salaries from each department.
Explain how you would implement this using functions.

Apply various SQL clauses such as SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, and ORDER BY
in queries, and demonstrate their usage with suitable examples.

Consider the following relation:

Emp(ename,street,city)
Works(ename,companyname,salary)
Company(companyname,city)
Manages(ename,managername)
Give the SQL DDL definition of this database. Identify referential integrity constraints that should hold
and include them in the DDL definition.

Analyze the roles of DML and DDL in SQL, and evaluate their impact on database structure and data
manipulation with appropriate examples

Examine the various types of constraints in SQL and analyze how they enforce data integrity and
consistency within a relational database, using examples to support your explanation

Important 16 Mark Questions

Apply your knowledge of DBMS to identify different types of database languages and explain how each
is used for data definition, manipulation, control, and transaction management.

Illustrate how inheritance is represented in an Extended ER (EER) diagram with a suitable

example.

Construct an ER diagram for a University Database including entities such as Student, Course, Faculty,
and Department, and show how these entities are connected through relationships.
Demonstrate the limitations of traditional file systems and show how database systems provide solutions
to these issues.

Develop an ER diagram for an employee payroll system by showing the relationships between the entities
involved.

Create an ER model for a sports team that includes performance data, player statistics, and match history,
and show how derived attributes can be used for summary data.

Consider the following table: Student(SID, Name, Dept, Year, Marks)

a) Write a query to list all students from the ‘IT’ department.
b) Display students who have marks greater than 75 and are in the third year.
c) Sort the student list in ascending order of names.
d) Update marks by 5% for all students in the ‘CSE’ department.
e) Delete records of students who scored below 40 marks.

Consider a table: Employee(EID, Name, Designation, Salary, DeptID) and Department(DeptID,

DeptName)
a) Write a query to display employee names which begins with ‘A’
b) Find employees drawing a salary greater than ₹50,000.
c) Increase salary by 10% for employees in the ‘Sales’ department.
d) Display the count of employees in each department.
e) Delete all employees in the 'Intern' designation.

Consider: Library(BookID, Title, Author, Price, Category) and Issue(BookID, StudentID, IssueDate,
ReturnDate)
a) Write a query to list all books with same authors.
b) Display all books in the ‘Science’ category priced above ₹300.
c) Find the total number of books issued in the current month.
d) Write a query to update the return date for a given book.
e) Delete all issue records older than 6 months.

Given the tables: Product(PID, PName, Price, Stock) and Supplier(SID, SName, PID)
a) List all products whose price is between ₹500 and ₹1500.
b) Find total stock value (Price × Stock) for each product.
c) Increase stock by 20 units for the product 'Printer'.
d) Delete the product record where stock is zero.

Consider the following tables: Course(CID, CName, Credits) and Enrollment(SID, CID, Grade)
a) Delete enrollment records for students who failed (Grade = 'F').
b) Find students who have enrolled in more than 3 courses.
c) Display the average grade for each course.
d) Update the grade to 'A' for students who scored above 90 in any course.

Consider a bank database: Account(AccountNo, HolderName, Type, Balance) and Transaction(TID,

AccountNo, Amount, Type, TDate)
a) Write a query to list all transactions for a given account number.
b) Find accounts with a balance greater than ₹1,00,000.
c) Write a query to find the total credited amount for each account.
d) Update balance after deducting ₹500 for account maintenance.
e) Delete accounts with zero balance.