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Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is an emerging field that has the potential to revolutionize information
processing. Unlike classical computers, which use bits representing either 0 or 1, quantum computers
use qubits—units that can exist in multiple states at once due to superposition.
Fundamental Principles
Superposition: Qubits can represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously.
Entanglement: Qubits become linked, allowing instantaneous correlations regardless of
distance.
Quantum gates and circuits: Perform operations on qubits using quantum logic.
Development and Milestones
In 2019, Google claimed quantum supremacy, performing a computation in 200 seconds that would
take a classical supercomputer 10,000 years. Companies like IBM, Microsoft, and Rigetti are
developing quantum processors, while governments and private firms are investing billions in
research.
Applications
Cryptography: Breaking or creating ultra-secure encryption.
Pharmaceuticals: Simulating molecular interactions for drug discovery.
Finance & Logistics: Optimizing complex systems with millions of variables.
Artificial Intelligence: Accelerating machine learning processes.
Challenges
Quantum computers face issues of decoherence (qubits losing their quantum state), error
correction, and scalability. Most systems require temperatures close to absolute zero to operate.
Future Impact
Quantum computing could outpace classical computing in specific tasks, transforming cybersecurity,
science, and global industries—but it also raises concerns over encryption and data privacy.
