Page no

1
Expt no
1

Magnetic lines of
force
Aim: To draw the
lines of force around
a bar magnet.

Apparatus required: A
bar magnet, magnetic
compass, wooden
board and a paper.
Procedure:
Fix a sheet of white
paper on a board with
the help of board
pins.
Mark the N-S
direction in the
middle of the paper
with its north pole
pointing towards
north.
Draw the outline of
the bar magnet on
the paper with a
sharp pencil.
Now place the
compass needle close
to the north pole of
the magnet and look
directly from above.
Mark two dots exactly
in front of the two
ends of the needle.
Place the second
compass box in such
a way that the needle
coincides with the
second dot.
Repeat the process
until the compass
needle touches the
other end of the bar
magnet.
Join the dots together
to get a continuous
smooth curve.
Result: The magnetic
lines of force are
detected from the
experiment.

Page no:
 Expt no:
Simple pendulum
Aim: To find
acceleration due to
gravity using simple
pendulum.

Apparatus required: A
stand with clamp, a
metallic bob scale,
string and stop clock.

Procedure: A length
of ------cm of string is
measured and
suspended from the
clamp of the stand.
The metallic bob is
displaced to a certain
extent and released
from its position so
that the pendulum
starts oscillating.
The stop clock is
started when the bob
is in extreme
position. When the
bob comes back to
the same position
one oscillation is
completed.
The stop clock is
stopped when the
bob completes 20
such oscillations.
This process is
repeated for 5
different
measurements by
increasing the length
by 10 cm each time.
The time period is
found using the
formula given below.
Time period= Time taken for 20 oscillations
total no of oscillations

A graph is plotted
between length and
the square of the
time and the slope is
calculated.
The acceleration due
to gravity is
g= X slope
4π
2

calculated using the

formula
Result: The
acceleration due to
gravity is found to
be---------m/s^2

On the blank side

N Len Time ave Ti T
o gth taken rag me ²
(c for 20 e pe
m) oscill rio
ation d
s (s)
t1
t2
1
2
3
4
5

Page
no:
Expt
no: 3
Focal length of a
concave mirror
Aim: To find the focal
length of the given
concave mirror by an
illuminated object.
Apparatus required:
concave mirror,
metre scale mirror
stand illuminated
object.
Procedure: Mount the
given concave mirror
in the mirror stand at
a distance of 30 cm
away from the object.
Adjust the screen
such that a well-
defined sharp image
is obtained on the
screen.
Measure the distance
between the screen
and the mirror and
record the values as
‘v’. The distance
between object and
screen is ‘u’.
Using the formula
f= uv
u+v

Calculate the focal

length of the concave
mirror.
Repeat the
experiment for
different values of ‘u’
and find the
corresponding values
of ‘v’
Calculate and find the
mean value of the
focal length.
Result: The focal
length of the given
concave
mirror=--------cm.

On the blank side

No Object Image f= uv
u+v

distan distan
ce u ce v
1
2
3
4
5

Expt No: 4
Screw Gauge
Aim: To find the
diameter of a given
wire using screw
gauge.
Apparatus required:
Screw gauge and
wire.
Procedure:
1. The pitch of the
screw is measured
and it is found to be
-------
2. The least count of
the instrument is
calculated using the
given formula
Least count = pitch
100

=--------
3. The zero error of
the instrument is
measured and it is
found out to
be---------------
4. The wire is kept
between the stud
and the screw and
the main scale
reading is noted.
5. Find the reading
of the circular scale
coincidence and
record the
measurement.
 6. 5 observations
are taken and the
average diameter is
calculated.
Diameter of the
wire = MSR+CSR-
ZERO ERROR
Conclusion:
The diameter of the
wire is found to
be---------------cm
Blank page
No M C Obs Cor Av
of S S erv rec era
obs R R ed ted ge
erva ( ( dia Dia Dia
tion c c me me me
m m ter ter ter
) ) (cm (cm (c
) ) m)
MS
R+
CS
R
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Experiment No: 5
Vernier Calliper
Aim: To determine
the diameter of a
given object using a
vernier calliper and
to find the radius.
Apparatus required:
vernier calliper, given
object
Procedure:
1. First determine
the vernier
 constant of the
instrument.
2. Find the zero
error by bringing
the jaws of the
instrument
together.
3. Introduce the
given object
between the 2 jaws
and slide the
movable jaw till
both the jaws touch
the side of the
object.
4. Fix the sliding jaw
in the position by
the screw
5. Read the scale
division preceding
the zero mark.
6. Record this as
main scale reading
(MSR). Now look
along the vernier
until you come to
the division exactly
coinciding with a
division on the main
scale. This is known
 as the vernier
reading.
7. Multiply the
vernier reading by
the least count of
the instrument and
this is the value of
the vernier reading.
8. Add the value of
the vernier reading
to the main scale
reading. Repeat the
above observation
four more times.
 And record your
observation.

Result: The
diameter of the
given object is
found to be ------cm

Blank page
Pitch=---------cm
Zero error=-------
Least count= 0.01 cm
No M V V MSR+ Av
of S C S VSR= era
obse R c R Total ge
rvati c mC Readi dia
on m m ng me
ter
1
2
3
4
5

Experiment No:
Date:
Laws of reflection
Aim: To Verify the
laws of reflection and
laws of reflection.
Apparatus required:
white paper, drawing
board, plane mirror
and board pins
Procedure:
Take a wooden
drawing board and fix
a white sheet of
paper on it.
 In the middle of the
paper draw a straight
line VV'. Mark a point
M on it.
Draw a perpendicular
MN. Place a mirror
XX' on the line VV'
such that the
polished side of the
mirror is along the
line. Hold the mirror
in the mirror holder.
Now, fix two nails P
and Q on the straight
AM at least 10 cm
apart.
Look for the images
of the nail P and Q
and fix two nails P'
And Q' such that P'
and Q' and image of P
and Q are all in the
same straight line.
Remove the nails and
draw small circles
around the nail
pricks.
Remove the mirror
also. Join P'Q' and
produce the straight
line to meet M.
∠
AMN = i and CMN = r
∠

It is found that i= r.
∠ ∠

This proves that

angle of incidence is
equal to angle of
reflection.
As the incident ray,
the reflected ray and
the normal lie in the
plane of paper,
therefore, they lie in
the same plane.

Result: The laws of

reflection are
verified.