Section 01: Introduction

Q1. Which of the following is an essential feature of concrete?

a) Strength

b) Durability

c) High compressive strength

d) Economic cost

Q2. What is the primary use of Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)?

a) To resist tensile forces

b) To provide a base for reinforcement

c) To increase ductility

d) To enhance fire resistance

Q3. Which type of steel is commonly used for reinforcement in concrete?

a) Mild steel

b) High yield strength deformed (HYSD) bars

c) Both a and b

d) None of the above

Q4. The flexural tensile strength (f_cr) of concrete is given by which formula?

a) 0.7√f_ck

b) 2bd²

c) 0.5f_ck

d) √f_ck
Q5. What is the minimum grade of concrete for reinforced cement concrete
(RCC)?

a) M15

b) M20

c) M25

d) M30

Q6. The target mean strength (f_t) of concrete is calculated as:

a) f_ck + 1.65σ

b) f_ck – σ

c) f_ck + σ

d) f_ck – 1.65σ

Q7. What is the permissible stress in direct compression for M25 grade
concrete?

a) 8.5 N/mm²

b) 10 N/mm²

c) 12 N/mm²

d) 15 N/mm²

Q8. The factor of safety for concrete in the working stress method is:

a) 3.0

b) 1.78

c) 2.0

d) 1.5

Q9. Which of the following is a type of steel reinforcement fabric?

b) HYSD bars

c) Hard drawn steel wire

d) All of the above

Q10. The average strength variation grade for a group of 4 individual test
results is:

a) (f_a – 3)

b) (f_a + 3)

c) (f_a – 4)

d) (f_a + 4)

Q11. What is the minimum cement content for mild exposure conditions?

a) 200 kg/m³

b) 250 kg/m³

c) 300 kg/m³

d) 350 kg/m³

Q12. The maximum water-cement ratio for severe exposure is:

a) 0.40

b) 0.45

c) 0.50

d) 0.55

Q13. Which grade of concrete is recommended for reinforced concrete in

a) M20
b) M25

c) M30

d) M35

Q14. The target mean strength is determined for which purpose?

a) To ensure durability

b) To manufacture reinforced concrete

c) Both a and b

d) None of the above

Q15. Which of the following affects the strength of concrete?

a) Water-cement ratio

b) Aggregate size

c) Curing method

d) All of the above

Q16. The permissible stress in tension for M20 grade concrete is:

a) 1.2 N/mm²

b) 2.8 N/mm²

c) 3.6 N/mm²

d) 4.0 N/mm²

Q17. What is the standard deviation for concrete strength variation?

a) (x – μ)²/n

b) √(Σ(x – μ)²/n)

c) Σ(x – μ)/n

d) (Σx – μ)/n
Q18. The maximum size of coarse aggregate for RCC is:

a) 10 mm

b) 20 mm

c) 40 mm

d) 60 mm

Q19. Which steel grade has a yield strength of 415 N/mm²?

a) Fe-250

b) Fe-415

c) Fe-500

d) Fe-550

Q20. The factor of safety for steel in the working stress method is:

a) 1.5

b) 1.78

c) 2.0

d) 3.0

Q21. The modulus of elasticity of concrete (E_c) is given by:

a) 5000√f_ck

b) 5700√f_ck

c) 280/σ_cbc

d) 10000√f_ck

Q22. What is the minimum cover for reinforcement in mild exposure?

a) 15 mm
b) 20 mm

c) 25 mm

d) 30 mm

Q23. The characteristic strength (f_ck) is defined as:

a) Mean strength minus 1.65σ

b) Mean strength plus 1.65σ

c) Mean strength

d) Mean strength minus σ

Q24. Which of the following is a property of HYSD bars?

a) High ductility

b) Low yield strength

c) Brittle nature

d) Low corrosion resistance

Section 02: Working Stress Method

Q25. In the working stress method, how does concrete behave under service
load?

a) Elastically

b) Plastically

c) Non-linearly

d) Creep
Q26. The modular ratio (m) is given by:

a) E_s / E_c

b) E_c / E_s

c) 280 / (3σ_cbc)

d) √f_ck

Q27. The permissible stress in bending compression for M20 concrete is:

a) 140 N/mm²

b) 100 N/mm²

c) 120 N/mm²

d) 160 N/mm²

Q28. In a balanced section, the depth of the neutral axis (x_u) is

a) 0.87d

b) 0.53d

c) 0.42d

d) 0.67d

Q29. The working stress method is based on which assumption(s)?

a) Plane sections remain plane

b) Linear stress-strain relationship

c) Both a and b

d) None of the above

Q30. The permissible tensile stress in steel (Fe-250) is:

a) 5.5 N/mm²
b) 7.0 N/mm²

c) 8.0 N/mm²

d) 6.0 N/mm²

Q31. The permissible bending compressive stress in M15 concrete is:

a) 7.0 N/mm²

b) 5.0 N/mm²

c) 6.0 N/mm²

d) 8.0 N/mm²

Q32. For a balanced section, the lever arm is approximately:

a) 0.87d

b) 0.53d

c) 0.42d

d) 0.67d

Q33. The modular ratio (m) for M15 concrete is:

a) 13

b) 10

c) 18

d) 20

Q34. The permissible shear stress for M20 concrete is:

a) 2.0 N/mm²

b) 2.8 N/mm²

c) 3.5 N/mm²

d) 1.5 N/mm²
Q35. Which type of stress-strain relationship is assumed for concrete in
WSM?

a) Linear behavior

b) Parabolic behavior

c) Non-linear behavior

d) Elastic-plastic behavior

Q36. The permissible stress in compression in bending for M25 concrete is:

a) σ_cbc

b) σ_st

c) τ_v

d) σ_bd

Q37. The depth of neutral axis in a balanced section depends on:

a) Grade of concrete

b) Grade of steel

c) Both a and b

d) None

Q38. The factor of safety for steel is taken as:

a) 1.5

b) 1.78

c) 2.0

d) 3.0

Q39. In an over-reinforced section, the neutral axis lies:

b) Greater than critical depth

c) Less than critical depth

d) At the centroid

Q40. The working stress method is also known as:

a) Ultimate load theory

b) Service load theory

c) Limit state method

d) Collapse load theory

Q41. The permissible stress in steel for Fe-415 is:

a) 250 N/mm²

b) 230 N/mm²

c) 200 N/mm²

d) 260 N/mm²

Q42. The modulus of elasticity of steel is:

a) 200 GPa

b) 250 GPa

c) 300 GPa

d) 100 GPa

Q43. The permissible stress in shear for M25 grade concrete is:

a) 5.0 N/mm²

b) 10.0 N/mm²

c) 12.0 N/mm²
d) 15.0 N/mm²

Q44. Which of the following assumptions are correct in WSM?

a) Plane sections remain plane

b) Bond between steel and concrete is perfect

c) Both a and b

d) None

Q45. The lever arm in WSM is taken as:

a) 0.5d

b) 0.87d

c) 0.42d

d) 0.67d

Q46. The permissible shear stress for plain concrete in bending is:

a) 1.5 N/mm²

b) 1.0 N/mm²

c) 2.0 N/mm²

d) 2.5 N/mm²

Q47. Which of the following is a disadvantage of WSM?

a) Uneconomical sections

b) Decrease in concrete strength

c) Increase in ductility

d) Decrease in serviceability

Q48. The maximum strain in concrete in bending compression is:

b) 0.0035

c) 0.0025

d) 0.003

Section 03: Doubly Reinforced Beam

Q49. A doubly reinforced beam is used when:

a) The section is balanced

b) The section is under-reinforced

c) The section is over-reinforced

d) None

Q50. The compressive force in doubly reinforced beam is given by:

a) mσ_stc / (σ_cbc + σ_stc)

b) σ_stc × d

c) mσ_cbc / (σ_stc + σ_cbc)

d) None

Q51. The stresses in a doubly reinforced beam are resisted by:

a) Concrete only

b) Steel only

c) Both a and b

d) None
Q52. The moment of resistance of a doubly reinforced beam is:

a) (x_c + 1.5m – 1)A_sc (x_u – d’) = mA_sc (d – x_u)

b) σ_cbc × bd²

c) 0.36 f_ck b d²

d) None

Q53. In doubly reinforced beams, the amount of compression steel is:

a) Equal to tension steel

b) Greater than tension steel

c) Less than tension steel

d) None

Q54. The main advantage of a doubly reinforced section is:

a) Reduction in cost

b) Increase moment capacity

c) Reduction in steel

d) Easy to design

Q55. In doubly reinforced beam, d’ denotes:

a) Effective depth

b) Distance of compression steel from top

c) Neutral axis depth

d) Lever arm

Q56. The permissible stress in steel in compression is:

a) 250 N/mm²

b) 190 N/mm²
c) 230 N/mm²

d) 200 N/mm²

Q57. The additional moment carried by steel in doubly reinforced beam is:

a) σ_stc × A_sc × (d – d’)

b) σ_cbc × bd²

c) 0.36 f_ck b d²

d) None

Q58. In doubly reinforced beam, the neutral axis depth is limited to:

a) 0.5d

b) 0.42d

c) 0.55d

d) 0.67d

Q59. The total percentage of steel in doubly reinforced beam is:

a) p_t + p_c

b) p_t – p_c

c) 2p_t

d) None

Q60. The modular ratio for Fe-250 is:

a) 280 / (3σ_cbc)

b) 0.87f_y / E_s

c) 1.78

d) None
Q61. The depth of the center of compression block is taken as:

a) d – x_u / 3

b) 0.42d

c) 0.67d

d) 0.5d

Q62. The moment of resistance of a doubly reinforced beam consists of:

a) Moment due to concrete and steel

b) Moment due to concrete only

c) Moment due to steel only

d) None

Q63. The equivalent moment capacity of steel is:

a) M_u / (σ_stc × (d – d’))

b) σ_cbc × bd²

c) 0.36 f_ck b d²

d) None

Q64. The lever arm of steel in compression is:

a) 0.36d

b) 0.42d

c) 0.67d

d) 0.5d

Q65. The permissible stress in steel in tension is:

a) 0.87f_y

b) 0.67f_y
c) 0.45f_y

d) 0.55f_y

Q66. The compression reinforcement in doubly reinforced beams is provided:

a) A_sc is minimum

b) A_sc is maximum

c) A_sc = A_st

d) None

Q67. In doubly reinforced beams, neutral axis depends on:

a) Area of steel

b) Grade of concrete

c) Both a and b

d) None

Q68. Which of the following are assumptions in doubly reinforced design?

a) Plane sections remain plane

b) Stress is proportional to strain

c) Steel obeys Hooke’s law

d) All of the above

Q69. The percentage of compression reinforcement is usually limited to:

a) 10%

b) 20%

c) 30%

d) 40%
Q70. The effective depth of beam is defined as:

a) Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension steel

b) Overall depth of beam

c) Width of beam

d) Cover depth

Q71. The strain distribution in doubly reinforced section is:

a) Linear strain distribution

b) Non-linear strain distribution

c) Parabolic

d) None

Q72. If compression steel yields first, the section is:

a) Balanced

b) Under-reinforced

c) Over-reinforced

d) None

Section 04: Shear and Bond Strengths

Q73. The nominal shear stress is given by:

a) V / bd

b) V / d²

c) M / bd²

d) None
Q74. The average shear stress in beams is given by:

a) 1.5V / bd

b) V / bd

c) 2V / bd

d) None

Q75. The stress distribution of shear in beams is:

a) Parabolic

b) Linear

c) Rectangular

d) Trapezoidal

Q76. The shear resistance of stirrups is:

a) 0.87f_y A_sv / V_s

b) 0.67f_y A_sv

c) f_ck b d

d) None

Q77. The maximum shear reinforcement spacing is:

a) 50% of d

b) 60% of d

c) 75% of d

d) None

Q78. Nominal shear stress is given as:

a) V / bd
b) M / bd²

c) 2V / bd

d) None

Q79. The minimum shear stress in concrete is:

a) 0.5 N/mm²

b) 1.0 N/mm²

c) 1.5 N/mm²

d) 2.0 N/mm²

Q80. When nominal shear stress exceeds permissible shear stress:

a) No reinforcement is required

b) τ_v > τ_c

c) τ_v < τ_c

d) None

Q81. The effective depth of beam is denoted as:

a) b

b) d

c) L

d) h

Q82. Shear reinforcement is provided to resist:

a) Bending stress

b) Tensile stress

c) Shear stress

d) None
Q83. Bond stress is given by:

a) τ_bd = V / bd

b) τ_bd = 1.2τ_bm

c) τ_bd = 0.67τ_c

d) None

Q84. The anchorage length of deformed bars in tension is:

a) 36φ

b) 40φ

c) 45φ

d) 48φ

Q85. Bond stress is influenced by:

a) Grade of concrete

b) Type of steel

c) Cover

d) All of the above

Section 04: Shear and Bond Strengths

Q86. The expression for shear strength of RC beam section is:

a) τ_c × bd

b) V / bd

c) A_st × f_y / bd

d) None of the above

Q87. The permissible bond stress in plain bars in tension for M20 concrete is:
a) 1.2 N/mm²

b) 1.0 N/mm²

c) 0.8 N/mm²

d) 0.6 N/mm²

Q88. Diagonal tension cracks occur when:

a) τ_v < τ_c

b) τ_v > τ_c

c) τ_v = τ_c

d) τ_v = 0

Q89. In shear design, ‘d’ represents:

a) Effective depth of beam

b) Overall depth of beam

c) Width of beam

d) Cover

Q90. The stress responsible for diagonal cracks in beams is:

a) Flexural stress

b) Compressive stress

c) Shear stress

d) Tensile stress

Q91. The average bond stress is defined as:

a) τ_b = Load / (πφ × l)

b) τ_b = 4V / (πφ² × l)

c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

Q92. The permissible bond stress in deformed bars is:

a) τ_bd = τ_bm

b) τ_bd = 1.2τ_bm

c) τ_bd = 1.5τ_bm

d) τ_bd = 2τ_bm

Q93. Development length for bars is given by:

a) 12φ

b) 24φ

c) 36φ

d) 48φ

Q94. Anchorage value of bends in bars is:

a) 4φ for 45° bend

b) 8φ for 90° bend

c) 16φ for 135° bend

d) All of the above

Q95. Diagonal tension cracks appear when:

a) τ_v < 0.5τ_c

b) τ_v > 0.5τ_c

c) τ_v = τ_c

d) τ_v = 0

Q96. The shear force resisted by concrete in beams is given by:

b) τ_v × bd

c) τ_bd × bd

d) None of the above

Section 05: Reinforced Concrete Slab

Q97. Effective span of slab is taken as:

a) Clear span

b) Effective depth

c) L

d) None of the above

Q98. The effective depth for simply supported slab is:

a) Span / 20

b) Span / 25

c) Span / 30

d) Span / 35

Q99. The effective span of slab is taken as:

a) Clear span + effective depth

b) Center to center of supports

c) Both a and b

d) None of the above

a) 3φ

b) 50φ

c) 75φ

d) None of the above

Q101. Minimum effective depth for continuous slab is:

a) L/20

b) L/25

c) L/30

d) L/35

Q102. Effective span of a cantilever slab is taken as:

a) Clear span + effective depth

b) Center to center of support

c) Both a and b

d) None of the above

Q103. Maximum deflection allowed in slab as per IS 456 is:

a) Span/250

b) Span/200

c) Span/300

d) Span/350

Q104. Distribution steel in slab is provided:

a) In tension zone only

b) In compression zone only

d) None of the above

Q105. Minimum reinforcement in slab (Fe-250) is:

a) 0.15% of gross area

b) 0.12% of gross area

c) 0.25% of gross area

d) None of the above

Q106. Effective span of slab is taken as:

a) L

b) d

c) L/2

d) L + d

Q107. Maximum spacing of main bars in slab is:

a) 35 cm

b) 30 cm

c) 40 cm

d) 45 cm

Q108. Distribution steel is provided in slab equal to:

a) 50% of main reinforcement

b) 40% of main reinforcement

c) 60% of main reinforcement

d) None of the above

a) 6 m

b) 8 m

c) 10 m

d) 12 m

Q110. Distribution steel is provided to resist:

a) Temperature stresses

b) Shrinkage stresses

c) Both a and b

d) None of the above

Q111. The minimum effective depth of continuous slab is:

a) L/20

b) L/25

c) L/30

d) L/35

Q112. The maximum bar diameter in slab shall not exceed:

a) 16 mm

b) 20 mm

c) 22 mm

d) 25 mm

Q113. Maximum spacing of distribution steel in slab is:

a) 3φ

b) 40φ
c) 60φ

d) 75φ

Q114. The minimum cover for slab reinforcement is:

a) 10 mm

b) 15 mm

c) 20 mm

d) 25 mm

Q115. Maximum spacing of distribution steel in slab is limited to:

a) 300 mm

b) 250 mm

c) 200 mm

d) 150 mm

Q116. In a two-way slab, load is resisted by:

a) One long direction

b) One short direction

c) Both directions

d) None of the above

Q117. Effective span of slab is taken as:

a) Lesser of clear span and center-to-center distance

b) Greater of clear span and c/c distance

c) Average of both

d) None of the above

a) L/20

b) L/25

c) L/40

d) L/35

Q119. In continuous slab, distribution reinforcement is provided:

a) On one face

b) On both faces

c) Both a and b

d) None of the above

Q120. Minimum number of bars in a one-way slab is:

a) 8

b) 10

c) 12

d) 16

Answer Key (Q1 – Q120)

Section 01: Introduction

1. C) High compressive strength

2. D) To enhance fire resistance

4. A) 0.7√f_ck

5. B) M20

6. A) f_ck + 1.65σ

7. A) 8.5 N/mm²

8. A) 3.0

9. D) All of the above

10. A) (f_a – 3)

11. C) 300 kg/m³

13. C) M30

14. C) Both a and b

15. D) All of the above

16. A) 1.2 N/mm²

17. B) √(Σ(x – μ)²/n)

18. B) 20 mm

19. B) Fe-415

20. B) 1.78
 21. A) 5000√f_ck

22. B) 20 mm

23. A) Mean strength minus 1.65σ

24. A) High ductility

Section 02: Working Stress Method

25) a) Elastically

26) a) E_s / E_c

27) a) 140 N/mm²

28) a) 0.87d

29) c) Both a and b

30) b) 7.0 N/mm²

31) b) 5.0 N/mm²

32) c) 0.42d

33) a) 13
34) b) 2.8 N/mm²

35) a) Linear behavior

36) a) σ_cbc

37) c) Both a and b

38) b) 1.78

39) c) Greater than critical depth

40) b) Service load theory

41) b) 230 N/mm²

42) a) 200 GPa

43) b) 10.0 N/mm²

44) c) Both a and b

45) b) 0.87d

46) b) 1.0 N/mm²

47) d) Decrease in concrete strength

48) b) 0.0035

Section 03: Doubly Reinforced Beam

49) c) The section is over-reinforced

50) a) mσ_stc / (σ_cbc + σ_stc)

51) c) Both a and b

52) a) (x_c + 1.5m – 1)A_sc (x_u – d’) = mA_sc (d – x_u)

53) c) Less than tension steel

54) c) Increase moment capacity

55) b) d’

56) b) 190 N/mm²

58) b) 0.42d

59) a) p_t + p_c

60) c) 0.87f_y / E_s

61) a) d – x_u / 3

62) a) Moment due to concrete and steel

63) a) M_u / (σ_stc × (d – d’))

64) b) 0.36d

65) a) 0.87f_y

66) a) A_sc is minimum

67) c) Both a and b

68) d) All of the above

69) c) 30%

70) a) Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension steel

71) a) Linear strain distribution

72) c) Section is over-reinforced

Section 04: Shear and Bond Strengths

73) a) V / bd

74) a) 1.5V / bd

75) a) Parabolic

76) a) 0.87f_y A_sv / V_s

77) b) 60%

78) a) V / bd

79) b) 1.0 N/mm²

81) b) d

82) c) Shear stress

83) c) Both a and b

84) b) τ_bd = 1.2τ_bm

85) d) 48φ

86) d) All of the above

87) b) τ_v > 0.5τ_c

88) a) τ_c × bd

89) b) 1.0 N/mm²

90) b) 45°

91) a) 0.87f_y A_sv sinα

92) a) 1.5τ_v

93) d) All of the above

94) b) 1.5τ_bd

95) b) 0.4% of b_d

96) b) Providing shear reinforcement

Section 05: Reinforced Concrete Slab

97) c) L

98) a) Span / 20

99) c) Both a and b

100) b) 50φ

101) c) L/30

102) a) Clear span + effective depth

104) a) In tension zone only

105) a) 0.15% of gross area

106) a) L

107) a) 35

108) a) 50% of main reinforcement

109) a) 10 m

110) d) All of the above

111) c) L/35

112) b) 20 mm

113) c) 60φ

114) a) 7

115) b) 300 mm

116) b) All four sides

117) a) Lesser of clear span and center-to-center distance

118) c) L/40

119) c) Both a and b

120) c