About me & The
Course
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TASK 1 REVISION
COMPARATIVE EXPRESSIONS
¡ 10 million tourists travelled to France, two times more than
Russia
¡ 10 million tourists travelled to France, twice as many as
Russia
¡ 500 litters of water was used in Viet Nam, twice as much as
Thailand
¡ More tourists travelled to USA than UK, with 8 million for the
former and 7 million for the latter.
¡ Fewer tourists travelled to UK than USA, with 7 million for
the former and 8 million for the latter.
¡ More salt than sugar was used in Vietnam, with 500 gr for the
former and 300 gr for the latter
¡ Less sugar than salt was used in Vietnam, with 300 gr for the
former and 500 gr for the latter
¡ There were more tourists travelling to USA than UK, with the
figures standing at 8 million and 7 million respectively
¡ There were fewer tourists travelling to UK than USA, with
the figures standing at 7 million and 8 million respectively
¡ There was more salt than sugar used in Vietnam, with the
figures standing at 500 gr and 300 gr respectively.
¡ There was less salt than sugar used in Vietnam, with the
figures standing at 300 gr and 500 gr respectively.
¡ There were 8 million tourists travelling to USA while fewer
tourists coming to UK, with the figure amounting to 7 million.
¡ There were 7 million tourists travelling to USA while more
tourists coming to UK, with the figure amounting to 8 million.
¡ There were 8 million tourists travelling to USA. In the
meantime, fewer tourists coming to UK, with the figure
amounting to 7 million.
¡ There were 7 million tourists travelling to USA . Meanwhile,
more tourists coming to UK, with the figure amounting to 8
million.
CONTRASTING EXPRESSIONS
¡ 9 million tourists travelled to Australia, whereas only 3 million
chose New Zealand.
¡ 9 million tourists travelled to Australia. However, only 3 million
chose New Zealand.
¡ 9 million tourists travelled to Australia, compared to / as opposed
to only 3 million for New Zealand.
1. 9 million tourists travelled to Australia, whereas fewer people
chose New Zealand, (with the figure amounting to) only 3 million.
2. 9 million tourists travelled to Australia. However, fewer people
chose New Zealand, (with the figure amounting to) only 3 million.
EQUALITY EXPRESSIONS
¡ … as much (uncountable Noun) as …
¡ Cars used as much fuel as buses, with the figures amounting to 35%
¡ … as many (countable Noun) as …
¡ People in 18 –22 age bracket watched as many movies as those who were
from 25 to 30 years old per year, with the the figures amounting to 5 movies.
SIMILARITY EXPRESSIONS
¡ Similar figures were recorded for (C1) and (C2), at (figure 1) and (figure
2) respectively.
¡ Similar figures were recorded for water used in Viet Nam and Lao, at 12 litters and
11 litters respectively.
OTHER EXPRESSIONS
RESPECTIVELY
¡ Cars and Buses constituted 20% and 35% respectively
¡ Highschool and Primary students spent 2 hours and 4 hours
on watching TV respectively
BODY – RANKED FIRST / LAST
¡ 9 million tourists travelled to Australia, ranking first/last among
the given nations.
¡ 30% of the people were employed in the Hotel Industry, ranking
first/last among the given sectors.
BODY – RANKING LANGUAGE
¡ [FOLLOWED BY]
¡ The number of people who were employed in the Hotel industry ranked first
with 30%, which was followed by Education (25%).
¡ The number of people who were employed in the Hotel industry ranked first
with the figure amounting to 30. This was followed by Education (25%), Sports
(15%) and others (3%).
¡ The number of people who were employed in the Hotel industry ranked first,
with 30%, followed by Construction (20%) and Energy (10%)
COMPARISON CHECKLIST
1. Comparative => more, fewer, less, higher, lower… than
2. Superlative => the largest, the most …, the least ,…
3. Equality => as many … as, as much … as, equal to …
4. Ranking => Ranked first, followed by, ranked last.
5. Times ” comparasion” => twice as many as … , two times
higher than, two times more than
6. Contrasting => compared to , as opposed to ,…However,
7. Similarity => similar
TO COMPARE INDICATOR PATTERNS
¡ [Indicator 1]. An opposite / a similar / a different pictures is
evident in Indicator 2
¡ [Indicator 1]. Indicator 2 showed an opposite / a similar / a
different picture
TO COMPARE INDICATOR PATTERNS
¡ Like / Unlike USA, more women than men were employed in
Australia, with 45% for the former and 25 % for the latter.
TO SHOW INDICATOR RELATIONSHIP
¡ The gas emissions in Australia, albeit much lower than those in
the Transportation, Industry and Residential use, constituted
the largest proportion in Agriculture, with its figure amounting
to about 20%
¡ albeit adj / V-ing
FOR “%” ONLY
accounted for …% = made up … % = took up … % = constituted … %
¡ Cars made up 50%, making it the highest among the other
vehicles
¡ More women and men consumed fat, with the former
constituting 25% and the latter taking up 10%
¡ Water used in Agriculture accounted for 75%, compared to
only 10% for Factories.
FRACTION EXPRESSIONS
+ 21 – 23% = more than a fifth + 20% = a fifth + 17 – 19% = less than a fifth
+ 26– 27% =more than a quarter + 25% = a quarter + 22– 24% =less than a quarter
+ 55 - 57% = more than a half + 50% = a half + 47 - 49% = less than a half
+ 34 - 36% = more than a third + 33% = a third + 30 - 32% = less than a third
+ 1% - 5% = a small proportion
+ 75% - 90% = a large proportion
APPROXIMATION
Roughly
About
Around
Approximately
Nearly/ Over
Ex: roughly 30% , about 500 litters, around 300 gr, approximately
12, nearly 30 people, over 25 cars.
FEATURES TO GAIN YOUR SCORE
1. Compare Indicators patterns: opposite, similar, different, like, unlike. (without mentioning figures)
2. Show the relationships among Indicators
3. Restrict using quantifiers (the number of, the amount of, the percentage of,…) to describe data.
4. Restrict using mechanical indicators linkers (concerning, as for,…) by inputing indicators in data –
describing sentences.
5. Do not overuse structures
6. When it comes to “%”, use fraction expressions instead of using exact fractions
7. Use approximation if possible
