1. 40.
[Chapter 4] What is the purpose of the data plane and control plane in
network devices?
2. 1. [Chapter 1] Explain the differences between circuit switching and packet
switching. Provide a real-world example of each.
3. 30. [Chapter 3] When does TCP decide to retransmit a segment?
4. 11. [Chapter 2] Describe the difference between iterative and recursive DNS
queries with diagrams.
5. 9. [Chapter 2] Given an HTTP GET request, identify each part and explain its
function.
6. 15. [Chapter 2] What are the advantages of using a P2P architecture over a
client-server architecture?
7. 19. [Chapter 3] Compare TCP and UDP in terms of reliability, flow control, and
congestion control.
8. 16. [Chapter 2] Describe how a DNS cache works. How does it improve performance?
9. 13. [Chapter 2] Explain the differences between SMTP, POP3, and IMAP. Which are
used for sending vs receiving?
10. 7. [Chapter 1] Describe how data flows from an application on Host A to an
application on Host B.
11. 33. [Chapter 4] What is NAT and how does it map private to public IP addresses?
12. 8. [Chapter 1] What is the significance of using protocols in a layered
architecture?
13. 29. [Chapter 3] In TCP Cubic, how does the congestion window behave over time
after a loss event?
14. 20. [Chapter 3] Describe how TCP establishes a connection using the 3-way
handshake.
15. 36. [Chapter 4] Compare end-to-end congestion control with network-assisted
congestion control.
16. 21. [Chapter 3] Explain the concept of flow control in TCP. How does the
receiver advertise its window size?
17. 32. [Chapter 4] What is a forwarding table and how is it used in IP routing?
18. 35. [Chapter 4] What is the longest prefix matching rule in forwarding?
19. 6. [Chapter 1] What is FDM and how is it different from TDM? Include a diagram
if possible.
20. 37. [Chapter 4] Define buffer management. What happens if the buffer is too
large or too small?
21. 12. [Chapter 2] What is the purpose of the 'Set-Cookie' and 'Cookie' headers in
HTTP?
22. 38. [Chapter 4] Explain how software-defined networking (SDN) separates the
control and data planes.
23. 27. [Chapter 3] Describe how QUIC handles streams differently than TCP.
24. 31. [Chapter 4] Define and contrast routing and forwarding.
25. 14. [Chapter 2] Identify whether HTTP is a push or pull protocol and explain
your answer.
26. 2. [Chapter 1] Calculate the total nodal delay for a packet given the following
parameters: processing delay = 2 ms, queuing delay = 5 ms, transmission delay = 3
ms, propagation delay = 10 ms.
27. 28. [Chapter 3] Explain multiplexing and demultiplexing in the transport layer.
28. 25. [Chapter 3] Differentiate between slow start and congestion avoidance in
TCP congestion control.
29. 5. [Chapter 1] Differentiate between guided and unguided transmission media
with examples.
30. 23. [Chapter 3] A TCP sender estimates RTT using the formula: EstimatedRTT =
(1-α)*EstimatedRTT + α*SampleRTT. If EstimatedRTT=100ms, α=0.125, SampleRTT=160ms,
compute the new EstimatedRTT.
31. 24. [Chapter 3] Explain how TCP uses timeouts and retransmissions for
reliability.
32. 18. [Chapter 2] In DNS, what are authoritative, TLD, and root name servers?
33. 22. [Chapter 3] What is meant by cumulative acknowledgments in TCP?
34. 4. [Chapter 1] Define encapsulation. How does each layer contribute to the data
format?
35. 26. [Chapter 3] What is the purpose of ECN? How is it different from packet
loss detection?
36. 39. [Chapter 4] A router receives a packet with destination IP 192.168.1.50.
Which prefix will be matched if the table includes: 192.168.1.0/24 and
192.168.0.0/16?
37. 17. [Chapter 2] Define the QUIC protocol. What advantages does it provide over
TCP?
38. 34. [Chapter 4] Describe what happens inside a router from packet arrival to
departure.
39. 3. [Chapter 1] Describe the function of each layer in the OSI model. How does
it compare to the Internet protocol stack?
40. 10. [Chapter 2] Compare persistent vs non-persistent HTTP connections. When is
each preferred?
