A PROPOSAL

“ Alice in Wonderland ” By Lewis Carrol

( An Extrinsic Analysis )

Ghina Jinan Monoarfa

06120200048

UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA

FACULTY OF LETTERS
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
MAKASSAR
2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... I

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
A. Background .............................................................................. 1
1. The Literature in Background .............................................. 2
2. The Theory of Novel ............................................................ 3
D. Problem Statement .................................................................... 4
E. Objective of the Study ............................................................... 4
F. Significance of the Study .......................................................... 4
G. Scope of the Study .................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................. 8
A. Previous Study .......................................................................... 6
B. Theoritical Background ............................................................. 9
1. Literature ............................................................................... 9
2. Extrinsic ................................................................................ 11
3. The Elements of Extrinsic ..................................................... 13
C. Novel & Author of Alice in Wonderland .................................. 16
CHAPTER III : METHOD OF RESEARCH ..................................................... 21
A. Design Study ............................................................................ 20
B. Instrument Study ...................................................................... 20
C. Source of Data .......................................................................... 21
D. Technique of Data Collection ................................................... 21
E. Data Analysis ............................................................................ 22
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 24

I
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

Literature is a work that comes from reality in the form of a social facts for the
community as well as readers who can give etheir responses in building literary
works. According to Al ma ‘ruf (2009) literary works are the result of literary
creations through contemplation and reflection afterr witnessing various phenomena
of life in their social environment. Literary work is also a picture of the life of
someone invention that often presents life that colored by the attitudes, bacground,
and beliefs of the author, literary works can divided into two parts, fiction and non
fiction. And novels are one of the famous fiction. The world “ novel “ taken from the
italian word, novella, spanish novel, french nouvelle means “ new” or short story of
something new of something new.

Literature such a written or spoken material which consist of some fiction and
nonfiction writing. According to Bonn ( 2010 ), in a broader aspect, literature can be
defined as any written or spoken material, but the trm most often refers to creative
works, the research creates something that makes it special and focus with the
impressive point because novel is very useful

According to Nurgiyantoro ( 2010 ) A novel is a work of fiction that is

constructed from building elements, namely intrinsic and extrinsic elements. A novel
is also defined as a prose essay that contains a series of stories about a person life and
other people aroubd him, highlighting the character and nature of the actor.

A novel is a type of media used to express the ides of a writer. Novel as one of the
literary products that plays an important role in giving a view to addressing life in an
imaginatiive artistic way. This is possible because the issue discussed in the novel is a

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matter of humanity. Reading novels can also increase knowledge, not all novels only
contain romance or entertainment stories, also given a lot of new knowledge to
gained.

One of the literary theories used to dissect or anlyze a literary work and which will
be the main focus of this thesis is Structural theory. According Nurgiantoro ( 2005 ),
Structuralism can be seen as literary approach that emphasizes the study of
relationship. Between the building blocks of the work in question. So, structuralism is
equated with an objective approah.The birth of dynamic structuralism was based on
the weaknesses of pure structuralism. Dynamic structuralism is intended as a
refinement of structuralism that merely gives strength to intrinsic structures, which
itself ignores extrinsic aspects. Dynamic structuralism was first put forward by
Mukarovsky and Felik Vodicka (1977), literary works are a communication process,
semiotic facts, consisting of signs, structures and values. Works of art are signs that
gain meaning in the reader's consciousness. Therefore, works of art must be returned
to the competence of the author, the society that produced them, and the readers as
recipients.

Structuralism is basically a way of thinking about the world that is primarilly

concerned with responding to and describing structures. In this view, literary works
are assumed to be phenomena that have structures that are interconnected with each
other. The nature of the structure will be meaningful if that connected to other
structure. This structure has complex parts so that meaning must be directed at the
relationship between the elements as a whole. Structuralism definitively pays
attention to the analysis of the elements of a work. Every literary work, whether
literary works of the same or different types, has different elements. Apart from that,
as a result of the characteristics inherent in this matter, differences also occur as a
result of differences in the reader's reception process. It is in this relationship that
literary works are said to have characteristics that are distinctive, autonomous, and
cannot be generalized. Each assessment will provide different results.

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 The theoritical specifications that will be discussed are dynamic structuralism.
According kurtha ratna ( 2006 ) stated that the birth of dynamic structuralism was
based on the weaknesses of structuralism as it was considered a later deveplopment of
formalism. This refinement merely gave intensity to the intrinsic elements, which it
self forgot the extrinsic aspects. Dynamic structuralism was proposed by
mukarovsky and felik vodicka. Theory of dynamic structuralism, which is a
deveplopment of pure or calssical structuralism, is no different from genetic
structuralism which recognizes the involvement of extrinsic elements in a literary
work, whether in the form of the subjective nature of the author, history or social
environment, but the central research remains in the literary work it self.

Literary theory, especially since the beginning of the 20th century, has developed
very rapidly. This development is itself parallel to the emergence of complexity in
human life, which then triggers the development of literary genres. Advances in the
field of information technology support research facilities and infrastructure which
overall help make the implementation process easier. The main function of literary
works is to depict, reflect human life, while human life itself is always experiencing
development. In this relationship a different genre is needed, in this relationship a
different theory is also needed to understand it.

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D. Problem Statement
Based on the background above, the reserarcher would like to present study
question as follows :
1. What is the social and cultural life of the author?
2. What the reader's psychologist and the author's psychologist ?

E. Objective of the study

The objective of study can be stated as follows :
1. To find what the social and cultural of life of the author ?
2. To know what the reader psychologist and author psychologist ?

F. Significance of the study

The result of the study expect to give contribution for the writer, reader and for
academic. Through this study the writer personally expected

1. For writer, this research is an opportunity to explore more information about

the extrinsic elements contained in the novel.
2. For readers, For readers, it is hoped that the results of this research can
provide additional information for novel readers so they can understand that
in the novel there are extrinsic elements.
3. For students, it is hoped that the results of this research can increase
knowledge for students and non-academics and provide scientific
contributions in the field of literature in the form of explanations about the
extrinsic elements contained in novels. and can be used as a source for
further research.

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G. Scope of Study
This research will be carried out to determine the extrinsic elements contained in
the novel Alice Adventure in Wonderland. This author will prove that in the novel
there are extrinsic elements which explain the social and cultural life of the author
and explain the psychology of the author and readers.

The objective of this research can be achieved by studying and reading novels
which are used as research objects and obtaining further information from books
(novels), journals and online articles. so that it can provide broader information
regarding the extrinsic elements of the novel Alice Adventure in Wonderland.

In extrinsic analysis, we will use dynamic structuralism theory by examining

extrinsic elements in novel writers and authors who emphasize the social, cultural and
psychological lives of authors and readers. Structuralism is seen as a literary approach
that emphasizes the study of the elements that make up a work.

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 CHAPTER II

LITERARY REVIEW
A. Previous Study
There are several previous studies related to the research that were done some of
them are . The previous study about Analysis from Alice and analysis from extrinsic.
This is done to support the authenticity of this study.

The Study conducted by Andreas van Cranenburgh (2018), this Study proves
entitled "Intrinsic and extrinsic factory in judging literary quality" This demonstrates
that the text contains enough clues to distinguish literary texts from non-literary texts.
However, we do not know towhat extent humans rely on textual features when rating
how literary atext is, since we collected judgments on whole novels by presenting the
participants with the title and author of each novel and provides a better explanation
and proves that there are building elements, namely extrinsic.

The Study conducted by Anna Greek ( 2016 ) from england , This study proves
entitled “An Intrinsic and an Extrinsic Approach to Reading Enclave” This essay
analyzes Enclave, discusses the different outcomes of using an intrinsic or an
extrinsic approach and argues that there is a lack of aesthetic objectives in the
English.

The Study conducted by I nyoman Djuana “ The Extrinsic Elements of Harper

Lee’s To Kill a MockingBird ( 2018 ) from indonesia , This study aims to find out the
extrinsic elements and intfluences found in the novel story To Kill A Mockingbird by
Haper Lee , This Study used the method of library research, Which is the data is
desribed qualitativily. Furthermore, The Theory of Literature ( 1956 ). Based on the
analysis, it was found that there are extrinsic elements in the story : Biography of the

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author which indirectly influenced the story, social element can be divided into two
aspects personality the author viewer from culture aspects and environment. And
psychological of the author is the fact that psychic.

The study about novel alice in wonderland conducted by Saeideh Ahangari

( 2014 ) from australia, the study title is “A Content Analysis of ‘Alice in
Wonderland’ Regarding Metadiscourse Elements” this study Focusing on these
categorizations the researchers would try to shed light on the Metadiscourse features
applied in “Alice in Wonderland”, selected from the ‘Complete Illustrated Lewis
Carroll’, and see how and to what extent Lewis Carroll has applied these
Metadiscourse markers to make his story more impressive and persuasive.

The Study has been conducted by Wiratno ( 2013 ) Explain about his study “ An
analysis Intrinsic aspects and Extrinsic Aspects in Stephen Crane’s Novel “ The red
Badge of Courage “ the study of literature is to give plesaure or enjoyment and a
close relation to life , the study attempts to focus on an analysic intrinsic aspects and
extrinsic aspects in Stephen Crane “ The red badge of Courage “. The intrinsic
aspects invinstigate plot, point of view, character, and characterizon, language style,
setting, theme, tone and mood, besides extrinsic aspects investigate about moral
values and psychological values.

The Study conducted by Anatasia entitled “Addition, Reduction, and Variation of

Literary Elements in Alice Adventures in Wonderland ( An Analysis of Film
Adaptation ) from Australia ( 2016 ) This study aims at finding out how film
adaptation from l novel Alice Adventures in Wonderland I (1865) to the film Alice
Adventures in Wonderland I 2010. In terms of addition, subtraction, and variation on
its inherent elements, In the study of scientific social problems, a descriptive
qualitative design is used. The researcher discovered that the film had some addition,
reduction, and variation changes. These changes are also felt by the readers as a result
of the film. The research findings show that there are sixteen findings for film
adaptation, three findings for plot, four findings for setting, and eight findings for

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characters, each of which are divided into intrinsic elements and Extrinsic of film and
novel Adventures in Wonderland.

The Study conducted by Allyson Hibdon, B. A ( 2018 ) From Texas Woman

University In the study, Allyson analyzed the evolution of power in Children’s and
Young Adult literature through Lewis Carroll’s children’s novel, Alice’s Adventures
in Wonderland (1865). Carroll’s novel is one that has been adapted and retold a
multitude of times in varying ways. She discuss how power plays a role in
Wonderland through Alice’s relationships to three key themes: identity, authority,
and time.

The Study conducted by Margareta jelic ( 2016 ) from Serbia with the study is
“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the Perception of Reality from the Visual
Field of the Other: Analysis of the Relation between Ordinary Language Philosophy
and Poststructural Critique of Vision” The study explained about The first objective
of this work is to establish a parallel between the ordinary language philosophy of
Ludwig Wittgenstein as well as the philosophy of Stanley Cavell and
poststructuralism and its theories through their apprehension of vision and seeing as
conceptual categories. The second objective is the analysis of perception of reality
from the visual field of the other (children, women, other civilizations and peripheral
parts of society) as a place of position of the subject in the frame of Jacques Lacan’s
psychoanalytic poststructural theory, Jacques Derrida’s deconstructivism and
psychoanalytic poststructural feminist theories (Irigaray, Kristeva).

The Study Conduted by Karlene Mcgowenn ( 2015 ) From Texas , The study
titled “ Alice in Wonderland : Nonsense and Logic in Literature”The above is the
first stanza of a mere seven stanza poem written by Lewis Carroll. It is found nestled
in the first of the story is Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland.

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B. Theoritical Background
1. Literature
The definition of literature in the collins English Dictionary is “ Literature is a
written material such as poetry, novels, essay, etc especially works of imagination
characterized by excellence of style and expression and by themes of general or
enduring interest. Literature is a form of written work in the form of poetry, novels,
essays and so on, especially literature is an imaginative work charazterized by
excellence in terms of style and expression and also a common theme or maintaining
interest.

Another opinion also explains that literature is an essay that stories, dramatizes
situations, expresses emotions or feelings, analyzes and express opinions. Robert and
jacobs ( 2006 ) state. “ literature is composition that a story dramatizes a situation,
expresses emotions, analyzes and advocates ideas Literature caan be concluded as a
permanant expression in the form of words ( written or spoken ), Especially arranged
in a neat form. Literature expresses thoughts, feelings, opinions or special aspect of
human experience.

Literature is an expression of human in the form of written or oral works based on

thoughts, opinions, experiences, and even feelings in an imaginative form, a
reflection or reality. Is a form of artistic creative work whose object is humans and
their lives using language as a medium. According to rafiek ( 2013 ) literature is the
object or emotional turmoil of the writer in expressing, such as feelings of sadness,
fury, joy and etc. So the literary works are expressions thoughts, ideas, or notions that
arise because of the encouragement of humans to interaction in a social environment
then combination with imaginative thingking from a combined of these thoughts

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create language . in simple terms, literature that is still stored in the brain or thoughts,
which is then expressed in creating a literary work. This literature work can be the
personal experience of an author or a person events surrounding the author’s life.

Literature is written with full appreciation and a touch of the soul which is
packaged in the imagination contained in the literary work. Many life values are
commonly found in these literary works. Therefore, appreciating literary works
means trying to find the life values reflected in literary works. Literary works use
words as a medium, giving rise to linguistic images. Literary works have the function
of conveying ideas or notions the idea of a writer of poetry, prose, and drama. The
author’s ideas can be in the form of social , political, cultural and defense related
criticism with the problems that exist around the residence .

The efforts to express ideas through literary work can be said to be a creative
effort by awriter to invitebreading public to diccus problems that are currently
occuring in life. According wicaksono ( 2017 : 4 ) stated that “ Literary works written
are expressions of human and humanitarian problems, about the meaning of life and
existence, human suffering. In society literature has several function recreational
function , literature provides pleasant entertainment for its readers, didactive function,
literature is able to educate its readers because of the truth value contained in it.
aesthetic function, literature is able to provide beauty to its readers ,the function of
morality, literature is able to provide knowledge to readers because literature contains
high morals, and religious function, literature contains religious teachings teachings
that be readers emulates. Literary works are closely related to reality, they have the
function of broadening insight into the nature of life.

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2. Extrinsic

Extrinsic elements are the elements that build the literary work from outside of
the work, but indirectly have effects to the construction of a literary work. The
extrinsic elements consist of elements such as the author’s biography and life
(experiences), psychological aspect, social condition, culture, political, Economic,
historical aspect.

The only weakness of structural research is the emphasis on literature

autonomously thereby eliminating social context, function and relevance,which is
precisely its origin Ratna (2004) So analysis is neded of extrinsic elements so that
literary works can be meaningful and useful for life. Extrinsic elements is elements
from outside the literary work it, but indirectly affects the building or system of the
organism literature work. Specifically, these elements are said to be elements that
influences the story structure of a literary work, but is not part of it inside it. Like
intrinsic elements, extrinsic elements also consist of an uncertain number.

These elements include the background of life author, author's beliefs and outlook
on life, prevailing customs at that time, political situations, historical issues,
economics, religious knowledge and so on Suroto, ( 1989 )all of which will influence
the work produced he wrote. This element covers various aspects of social life The
background displays the theme and message of the story.

Analysis of extrinsic elements of literary works is analysis literature itself in terms

of content and based on its connection to reality life outside the literary work itself.
Extrinsic factors according to ( pamungkas and hamzah , 2017 : 17 ) are things that
exist outside the story and appears in a story. A work of fiction is a plot that displays
a world deliberately created by the author. embodies the formal fiction itself in the

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form of words. As a totality, the novel has parts of certain elements such as intrinsic
and extrinsic as the builder of a novel which then simultaneously forms a totality
novel. besides the formal elements of language, there are many more kinds. these
elements will build a present literary work as a literary work. Extrinsic elements in a
novel are the elements that are directly involved in building a story.

According Nurgiyantoro (2015:30) states that elements extrinsic are elements

that are outside the literary text, but indirectly affects the structure or system literary
text organism. Or more specifically it can be said as elements that influence the story
structure of a work literature, but he himself is not part of it. Although thus, extrinsic
elements are quite influential (not to mention said: quite decisive) towards the totality
of the story structure overall. Therefore, the extrinsic elements of a novel must still be
seen as something important. Different from wallek and warren opinion ( Nurgiyanto
2015 : 32 ) mentions that extrinsic elements long enough. It seems to view the
elements as something the negative ones are less important . understanding the
meaning of the work remembers that literary works do not arise from situation of
cultural vacuum.

Extrinsic elements is a elements that exist outside the literary work indirectly
affects the building or system of a work literature. More specifically it influences the
story building of aliterary work, but did not take part in it. These extrinsic elements
come into play be part of it. Extrinsic elements also influence the totally of a literary
work.

Wellek and werren ( 2013 : 71 – 140 ) there are four of state extrinsic factors that
are interrelated in literary works : Author biography : that an author work cannot be
separated from the author. these works can be traced through his biography,
Psychological ( creative process ) is the psychological activity of the author time the
author time of creation, especially in the creation of characters and his character, and
Sociological ( Social ) social and cultural associations of society that fictional stories
are potraits or mirrors of people lives namely profession or intuition, matters of social
relations, customs human relationship with each other.

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 Based on the opinion above, it can be concluded that extrinsic are elements that
are outside the literary work, but indirectly affects the organism's work system
literature. Or more specifically, it can be said to be elements that influence the story
structure of a literary work.

3. The Elements of Extrinsic

According to Semi (1988:35), extrinsic element is the outside elements of a literary

work that gives influence for the literary work itself.

Writer biography

Author biography is a medium that contains various information about

the writer or author of a literary work. Through biographies readers can study the life,
moral, mental and intellectual development of the writer. In addition to studying the
author's life, biographies can also be used to Literary of study works, because of what
the author experienced and what he felt often expressed in the work he creates.

Psychology of Writers

Not much different from a writer's biography, sometimes the writer's psychology is
the same influenced the literary works he created. However, the case is different
author's biography which contains various information about the author, psychology
the author is a psychological factor that exists within the author. To determine the
psychological influence of the author on a literary work, researchers must use
psychological theories as a literature review

Psychology

In common way, psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the
human mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to under standbehavior and mental

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processes. Psychology is the systematic study of behavior andthe mind in the man
and animals, a discipline which has yet little coherence(Sutherland, 1989:157)
Meanwhile Bell states that psychology is often describedasthe study of mental
processes, or the mind, and behavior. Indeed many general texts in psychology are
often deliberately subtitled in such a manner as tohighlight the full scope of the
discipline.

Psychology in Literature

Psychology on Literature is an interdisciplinary between Psychology andLiterature

(Endraswara, 2008:45) Psychology has certain relationshipwithliterature. Psychology
is one of the studies about human being. Obviously, learning about psychology on
literature, is similar to learning a human fromtheinside.

Public

A literary work also has a close relationship with something public. Because
literary works are also a reflection of a society. Sometimes, the author deliberately
brings up the conditions of society at that time to provide an overview of a problem
or phenomenon what happens in that society. to see the impact of the situation society
in a literary work, the researcher must have evidence about it events experienced by
society.

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2. Novel and Author Of Novel Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland

Lewis Carroll is a writer who is very famous throughout the world because of
his works that captivate the hearts of all readers, both children and adults. "One of
Lewis Carroll's most famous works is the novel Alice's Adventure in Wonderland.

Lewis Carroll was the third of 11 children, seven girls and three boys, of
Frances Jane Lutwidge and Charles Dodgson. He was raised in a family that
upheld moral values and the Church. His great-grandfather was a bishop, while
his grandfather was an army captain who was killed in 1803 when his two
children were still babies. Lewis Carroll's father worked in the family business
and also worked in the Holy Orders. He went to Westminster, one of the seven
famous public schools in England, and then went on to Oxford. There, he earned a
degree in mathematics and classical languages.Charles Dodgson then worked as a
lecturer at Oxford until in 1827, he married his cousin. Subsequently, he worked
as a minister at All Saints church, Daresbury.

Lewis Carroll created several unique characteristics of the novel “Alice's

Adventure in Wonderland.” One of them is the character Alice who has a high
curiosity character. This can be seen from the story quote when Alice is always
curious about everything she encounters. Alice's high imagination is also a

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characteristic because she often thinks about things that most likely won't happen
or don't make sense.

Lewis Carroll also created the antagonist in his novel, namely The Queen of
Hearts (Red Queen), a famous queen who was very cruel and most feared by all
the residents of Wonderland. The red queen will punish anyone who violates her
orders. He always said “Cut off his head!” as punishment for those who violate it.

To complete the story in the novel "Alice's Adventure in Wonderland, Carroll

also created several characters who were inspired when he observed nature,
namely the Knave of Heart, a servant of the queen who was caught in a case for
stealing a tart cake. The White Rabbit is characterized by wearing a vest and
always carrying jewelry wherever he goes. This white rabbit is a clue to the
storyline in the novel Alice's Adventure in Wonderland.

Bill is a lizard. A Blue Caterpillar that Alice met while looking at a

mushroom. This blue caterpillar has the characteristic of sucking hukah. Duchess
has a less attractive shape and is difficult to predict. Cheshire Cat is a cat that can
disappear and has a very wide smile

Novel is a literary work that depicts a potrait of life. According to kosasih

( 2008 : 54 ) a novel is a work that telling about the problematic life of a person or
several characters in an imaginative story . A novel tell the conflict of a
character’s life which is told form beginning to end at the resolution stage. The
novel has avery story and conflict complex so it has deep meaning. According to
wicaksono ( 2017 : 80 ) novel is reflect on and describe the reality that is seen and
felt in a certain form with certain influences or ties connected by achieving the
movements of human desires. Based on several opinions above. It can be
conclusion that the novel is a new type of literary work that is quite long and tells
a story live and imaginative.

This novel reveals the conflicts in the lives of the characters in more detail
deep and smooth. In addition to characters, a series of events and settings

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displayed in an arranged manner so that the form is longer in comparison with
other prose fiction. Novels appear like other literary works meaningless. Novels
presented to the public have functions and lays a central role by providing inner
satisfaction to the reader through educational values contained there in.

Types of novels can be distinguished based on the content of the story and the
quality of the novel. According to Suharianto (1982) divides the types of novels
based on a review of the content, description and purpose of the author,
Berendens' novel is a novel that shows the oddities and imbalances in society.
Therefore, this novel is often referred to as a purposeful novel.

Psychological novels, namely novels that describe a person's temperament and

soul and their struggles , historical novels, namely novels that tell someone in a
historical period. This novel depicts and investigates the customs and
development of society at that time, children's novels, namely novels that depict
the world of children's lives that can be read by parents for learning to their
children, there are also those that are usually only read by children, detective
novels, namely novels whose content invites readers to rack their brains to think
about the consequences of several events described by the author in the story.
struggle novel, namely a novel that depicts the atmosphere of struggle and war
suffered by someone, propaganda novels, namely novels whose contents are
solely for the purposes of propaganda against a particular society.

As a literary work, the novel has its own characteristics compared to other
literary works. In terms of number of words or sentences, novels contain more
words and sentences so they are deep the meaning process is relatively much
easier than interpreting a word poetry tends to contain a variety of figurative
language. In terms of length novel stories are longer than short stories so novels
can be state something in more detail, in more detail, and involves more complex
problems. Following are the characteristics of the novel is the number of words in
the novel is said to have reached 35,000,the maximum number of pages for a
novel is 100 quarto pages. amount of time, average time spent reading novels at

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most it takes around 2 hours (120 minutes), the novel relies on the behavior and
perhaps of more than one actor, the novel presents more than one impression,
novel presents more than one effect, novels present more than one emotion,
novels have a broader scale, selection for novels is stricter, the pacing in the novel
is slower, and in the novel the elements of density and intensity are not so takes
priority.

The function of the novel is basically to entertain readers. Novels are

essentially stories and their consequences It also contains the aim of providing
entertainment to readers. similar to what Wellek and Warren said (in
Nurgiyantoro, 2010: 3) reading a work of fiction is enjoying the story,
entertaining yourself to gain inner satisfaction.

The novel is a totality, a whole artistic. As a totality, the novel has parts,
elements that are related to each other. Not sure A novel maker which is broadly
divided into two, namely extrinsic elements and intrinsic elements. Extrinsic
elements are elements that are outside the literary work it, but does not directly
affect the building or system a literary work, but is not part of it. The extrinsic
element consists of the author's individual subjectivity have attitudes, beliefs and
outlook on life, biography, circumstances the author's environment such as
economic, political and social, all of which it influenced the work he wrote.

Novels as literary works certainly have story-building elements. In general,

Nurgiantoro (2018) states that the building blocks the novel that forms the totality
is divided into two, namely intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. Intrinsic
elements are the elements that make up a literary work itself, while extrinsic
elements are elements from outside the literary work contributed to the
construction of the literary work

Based on Lukacs' theory, Goldman divides the novel into three types
(Gunawan, 2010:25) :

Novel "Abstract Idealism"

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 This novel shows two things. First by displaying a character who still
wants to unite with the world, the novel still displays idealism. Second,
even though he displays idealism However, because the character's
perception of the world is subjective, based on a narrow consciousness, its
idealism becomes abstract.

Novel “Romanticism of Despair”

This type of novel displays a hero's awareness that is too broad. His
awareness is wider than the world so that it stands alone and separated
from the world. Therefore, the hero tends to be passive and the story
develops into a purely psychological analysis.

Novel "Education"
This type of novel shows that the hero is on one side has interiority, but on
the other hand also wants to be united with the world.

one of the classic English novels that is famous among children in the fantasy
fiction genre created by Lewis Carroll in 1865 . The story centres on Alice, a
young girl who falls asleep in meadow and dreams that she follows the white
rabbit down a rabbit hole. She has many wondrous, often bizare adventures with
thoroughly illogical and very strange creatures, often changing size unexpectedly
( she grows as tall in a house and shrinks to 3 inches. She encounters the hookah
smooking caterpillar the duchess with a baby that becomes a pig and the chessire
cat. and she attends a strange endless tea party with the mad hatter and the march
hare. She plays a game of croquet with an unmanageable flamingo for a croquet
mallet and uncooperative hedgehogs for croquet balls while the Queen calls for
the execution of almost everyone present. Later, at the Queen’s behest, the
Gryphon takes Alice to meet the sobbing Mock Turtle, who describes his
education in such subjects as Ambition, Distraction, Uglification, and Derision.

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Alice is then called as a witness in the trial of the Knave of Hearts, who is
accused of having stolen the Queen’s tarts. However, when the Queen demands
that Alice be beheaded, Alice realizes that the characters are only a pack of cards,
and she then awakens from her dream.

BAB III

RESEARCH METHOD

A. Study Design

The design of this study is classified as qualitative study, seen in the

application of several methodological principles related to data and sources
According to moleong ( 2017 ) qualitative of study is that intends to
understand phenomena about what is experienced by study subjects such as
behavior, perceptions, motivations actions, etc.

According to creswell ( 2009 ) defined qualitative as a study related to the

social and human problems which are used for exploring and understanding
the meaning that be based on individuals or group experience through some
process. He explained that features of qualitative are using words rather than
numbers. Holistucally and by utilizing various natural methods It can also be
interpreted as an effort to exchange social experiences which can be defined

20
 through study results. So, qualitative study assumes that truth is dynamic and
can be found through studying people with interactions or through social
situations

B. Instrument Study

The instrument for this study is literature study which is a technique of

reading books or other data sources to collect other data from various
literature and searching for and understanding references to support this
research.

C. Source of Data

Based on the method of the study above, the data source wanted to obtain
from
the primary data sources and secondary data sources.

1. primary data sources are basic data sources that are directly collected by
researchers, in this case the primary data source for this study is books in
the form of novel which are the object of research.

2. the secondary data sources for this study are in the form of other references
in the form of books relevant research that can support this study.

D. Technique of Data Collection

The technique of collecting the data in a way that used to collect data that is
needed in study to get the appropriate data with the problems is needed the technique
of collecting the data, there are

21
1. Finding Informant

Finding informant was the way to collect data from the articles , journals and book
about the novel and author of alice in wonderland.

2. Documentation technique

Documentation techniques obtained from several journals as well as information in

the form of books, articles online , archives and writings in this novel research were
used as documentation in collecting data of study.

E. Data Analysis

In this study, the study got from the field analyzed qualitatively.

1. Data Collection, data collection, that's how data is collected. Moreover, this
Study use documentation (literature study) as the data collection technique.
2. Data reduction,. Data reduction starts since the study collects data through
making precis , and so on.
3. Display Data, data display, in this step, the Study gave the provides a
description of the data to enable a summary of the data, the data display is in
the form of nonfiction . It can also be display in draft form.
4. conclusion drawing and verification are the final steps of data analysis. After
the data analyzed and explained by using words to describe it, The study took
the core to answer the research question.

22
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