Work Holding Devices
1. When cutting operations are performed on the machine, lots
of forces are generated.
2. To counter these forces the work and the tool have to be
held rigidly so that during cutting operation there should not
be any vibration or jerk.
3. The tool is held rigidly in the tool post with the help of bolts.
4. The work is held in the various types of work holding
devices .
Types of Work Holding Devices
The following are the various work holding devices used on lathe
machine:
Chuck
Face Plate
Driving Plate
Angle Plate
Lathe carrier or lathe dog
Chucks
Chucks are efficient and true devices for holding the work on the
lathe during the operation. The most common types of chucks
are:
(a) Three jaw chuck
(b) Four jaw chuck
(c) Magnetic chuck
(d) Combination chuck
(e) Collet chuck
Three jaw chuck
1. It is also known as three jaw self centering chuck.
2. It consists of a cylindrical body having three jaws fixed
radially at its front.
3. it carries a through hole at its centre to enable the long job
to project backward in the spindle.
4. It consists of a circular disc having spiral scroll at its front
and a rack at its back.
5. The rear face of jaws is provided with slots corresponding to
the scroll serrations.
6. The bevel pinions are fitted radially at the back of the disc
and they mesh with the rack at its back.
7. Top of these pinions are matching with the outer surface of
the chuck and have square slots to accommodate the chuck
key.
8. For operating the chuck anyone of these pinion can be
rotated by means of the chuck key which, intern, revolves
the scroll disc.
9. This causes all the jaws to move in the radial direction
simultaneously.
10. Normally two sets of jaws are provided with each
chuck, one for gripping on the outside surface & other for
inside.
b)Four Jaw Chuck
1. In outside appearance, It is very much similar to the three jaw
chuck except that it has four jaws, but its internal mechanism
differs totally.
2. The rear portion of its jaws is threaded & is engaged with
separate adjusting screws.
3.With the result all the jaws can be moved separately and
adjusted at desired distance from the centre of the chuck.
4.Due to this it is also known as independent jaw chuck.
5.This enables the chuck to successfully hold irregular or
eccentric jobs in addition to the regular cylindrical shaped jobs.
6.It is possible to reverse the same jaws so that the work can be
gripped from inside surfaces also.
(c) Magnetic Chuck.
1. It holds the job by magnetic force.
2.Light works should be clamped on magnetic chucks.
3.Always take light cuts.
4.Small packing should be provided around the work.
5.When the job is to be machined on lathe, the speed and feed
should be kept low.
6.The surface of the job and the chuck should be properly cleaned
from oil etc.
7.A lever is provided in the chuck, which converts the magnetic
field, and the magnet is "on".
8.These are made either in rectangular or circular shape.
(d) Combination Chuck.
1. As the name implies, a combination chuck may be used as a
self centering or as an independent chuck to take the
advantages of both types.
2. The jaws may be operated individually by separate screws or
simultaneously by the scroll disc.
3. The screws mounted on the frame have teeth cut on its
underside which messes with the scroll and all the jaws
together with the screws move radially when the scroll is
made to rotate by a pinion.
(e) Collet Chuck.
1. It fits in to the spindle nose of the headstock. It can be used on
a centre lathe, Capstan lathe, or turret lathe for producing items
form bar stock.
2. It is constructed with a hollow body having internal threads for
screwing on the spindle nose.
3. The slits in collets provides it with springing action to allow the
bar for easy passing. These are of two types:
Draw in type
Push out
Face Plate
1. It is usually a circular cast iron disc having threaded hole at
its centre so that it can be screw to the threaded nose of the
spindle.
2. It consists of number of holes and slots by means of which
the work can be secured.
Driving Plate
1. It is a cast circular disk having a projected boss at its rear.
2. The boss carries internal threads so that it can be screwed
on spindle nose.
3. also carries a hole to accommodate a pin which engages
with the tail of a lathe dog or carriers.
Angle Plate
1. It is employed for holding odd shape work in conjunction
with a faceplate.
2. When the shape of the work is such that it is not possible to
mount it directly on the face plate it can be mounted on
angle plate.
Lathe Carriers or Lathe Dogs
1. These are used in conjunction with the driving plate.
2. The work to be inserted in the ‘V’ shaped hole of the carrier
and then firmly secured in position by means of a screw,
Lathe dogs have two types of tails:
3. (a) Straight tail
4. (b) Bent tail
