PHYSICS

MOTION IN A PLANE
 MOTION IN A PLANE
Select the scalar quantity from the following

SCALAR QUANTITIES a) Force

b) Angular momentum
c) Linear momentum
d) Power
Physical quantities that have only magnitude
and no direction are called scalar quantities or
scalars.
Eg: mass, time, speed etc

A quantity has both magnitude and direction.

Is it necessary to be a vector? Give an
example.

VECTOR QUANTITIES
A physical quantity which has both magnitude
and direction, and which obeys the laws of
vector algebra are called vector quantities.

Eg : Displacement,velocity, acceleration,
force etc.
REPRESENTATION OF VECTOR
A vector is represented by using a straight line
with an arrowhead at one end. The length of
the line represents the magnitude of the vector
and the arrowhead gives its direction.

NOTE
The magnitude of vector is represented by |A|

Identify the scalar quantity from the following. TYPES OF VECTORS

a) Momentum
b) Work Equal vectors
c) Torque
d) Acceleration Vectors are said to be equal if they have the
same magnitude and same direction.

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 A
WHEN TWO VECTORS ARE INCLINED
TO EACH OTHER.
B
The sum of two vectors inclined at an angle
can be obtained by
Null vector
Triangle law of vector addition
A vector with zero magnitude and no Parallelogram law of vector addition
direction is called null vector
Eg

Displacement of a stationary object

Velocity of a stationary object
TRIANGLE LAW OF VECTOR ADDITION
Unit vector
This law state that if two vectors can be
A vector with unit magnitude is called unit represented in magnitude and direction by
vector. two sides of a triangle taken in the same order,
then the resultant is represented in magnitude
and direction by the third side of the triangle
Orthogonal unit vectors taken in the reverse order.
Unit vectors along the x,y,z axis is called Q
orthogonal unit vectors. They are denoted as
y

R=
B+
B

A
S P
A
>

i
x
ANALYTICAL METHOD OF VECTOR
>

k
z ADDITION

Let OP and OQ represent the two vectors

A and B making an angle θ. Then, using the
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF parallelogram method of vector addition,
OS represents the resultant vector R
VECTORS
When two vectors are acting in the same
direction

When two vectors act in opposite direction.

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RESOLUTION OF VECTOR IN TO IMPORTANT DERIVATIONS
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS. Time of flight
Horizontal range
Maximum height
Consider a vector A that lies in X - Y plane as
shown in the figure

TIME OF FLIGHT
It is the time taken to the complete the
projectile motion.

HORIZONTAL RANGE
Quantities Ax and Ay are called X , Y
components of vector A. Horizontal range is the maximum horizontal
displacement of the projectile.

PROJECTILE MOTION
A body thrown with some initial velocity and
then allowed to move under the influence of MAXIMUM HEIGHT
gravity is called projectile.
It is the maximum vertical displacement
Eg : A ball thrown in any direction, A shot fired
from the gun, a javelin thrown by an athlete.

Path of the projectile is parabola

ucosθ
u
If θ1 300, What is the value of θ2 ?
usinθ

H t= T

x
ucosθ
R

Let a body be projected with an initial velocity

u at angle with the horizontal. u is called
velocity of projection and is called angle of
projection.

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A bullet is fired with a velocity u making an What is the kinetic energy and potential
angle 600 with the horizontal plane. The energy of projectile at the highest point ?
horizontal component of velocity of the bullet
when it reaches the maximum height is..

a) u
b) zero
c) u/√2
d) u/2

An object is projected with a velocity u at an

angle with the horizontal.

a) What is the condition to obtain maximum

horizontal range ?
A body is projected in to air at an angle with
the horizontal. What is the trajectory followed b) Find the maximum height of the object
by the projectile? when it’s path makes an angle 30 0 with the
horizontal with initial velocity
a) Ellipse 8m/s. (g= 9.8m/s²)
b) Parabola
c) Straight line
d) Circle

Motion along a plane is called two

dimensional motion. A body moving in two
What is the angle between direction of velocity
dimension is found to have acceleration only
and acceleration at the highest point of the in one dimension.
trajectory of projectile.
A ball thrown by a player reaches another
player in 2 sec. What is the maximum height
attained by the ball above the point of
projection ? ( g = 10m/s²)

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UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION RELATION BETWEEN LINEAR VELOCITY
AND ANGULAR VELOCITY
When an object moves along a circle at
constant speed, it’s motion is called uniform
circular motion.
The magnitude of velocity remains constant
Q
(speed) but the direction changes
continuously. At every point the direction of
velocity is tangential to the path and right
angle to the radius of circle. O ∆θ

Eg : A satellite moving in a circular orbit. R

P
V

ANGULAR VELOCITY A car is moving in a circumference of a circle

of radius r

The rate of change of angular displacement is a) What is the distance travelled in one
called angular velocity.
revolution?
b) What is the displacement in one revolution ?
∆θ
w=
∆t
It’s unit is rad /s

TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY

What provides the centripetal force in the
following cases.
The time taken by the object to complete one
revolution is called the time period. The a) Electron revolving around nucleus
number of revolutions per second is called b) Earth revolving around sun
frequency.

2π
t= w

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 I

Choose the correct alternative given below.

A particle executing uniform circular motion.
G ∆V
Then it’s

a) Velocity and acceleration are radial H

b) Velocity and acceleration are tangential.
c) Velocity is tangential and acceleration is
radial
d) velocity is radial and acceleration is
tangential.

Let r and r' be the position vectors and v and

v' the velocities of the object when it is at
point P and P' as shown in Fig. By definition,
velocity at a point is along the tangent at that
point in the direction of motion.

Consider a particle moving along the

circumference of a circle of radius R with
constant speed with a time period T.

a) During T, What is the distance covered and

displacement ? An insect is trapped in a circular groove of
b) What is the direction of velocity at each radius 12cm moves along the groove steadily
point? and complete 7 revolutions in 100 sec.

a) What is the linear speed of the motion.

b) Name the acceleration experienced by the
insect. Find its magnitude

CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION
Consider an object moving with uniform
speed in a circle of radius R as shown in the
figure. Since the velocity of object changes
continuously in direction, the object undergoes
acceleration. The acceleration experienced by
an object undergoing uniform circular motion
is called centripetal acceleration.