Module code: FIC 1502
Module leaders: Mr BO Mnisi
Assignment no: 3
Due date: 02-October 2023
Chapter 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 26 and 32
1. A position-versus-time plot for an object undergoing simple harmonic motion is given in the
figure below. Rank the six points indicated in the figure in order of increasing speed.
o F = A < D = B < E =C
o C=F<B=E<A=D
o A = F < D = B < E =C
o B = A < D = F < E =C
o D = F < D = A < E =C
2. An old car with worn-out shock absorbers oscillates with a given frequency when it hits a
speed bump. If the driver adds a couple of passengers to the car and hits another speed bump.
Is the car’s frequency of oscillation greater than, less than, or equal to what it was before?
Choose the best option below.
o Less than: Increasing the mass on a spring increases its period, and hence decreases
its frequency.
o Greater than: The frequency depends on the force constant of the spring but is
independent of the mass.
o Equal to: Adding mass makes the spring oscillate more rapidly, which increases the
frequency.
o None of the above
3. A wave on a string is described by the following equation:
y = (15 cm) cos x− t
5.0 cm 12 s
What is the amplitude and the wavelength of this wave?
o A = 20 cm and λ = 5 cm
o A = 12 s and λ = 5 cm
o A = 15 cm and λ = 10 cm
o A = 10 cm and λ = 10 cm
o A = 30 cm and λ = 15 cm
4. Two people relaxing on a deck listen to a songbird sing. One person, only 1.00 m from the bird,
hears the sound with an intensity of 2.80 × 10-6 W/m2. What intensity is heard by the second
person, who is 4.25 m from the bird? Assume that no reflected sound is heard by either
person.
o 1.55 × 10-7 W/m2
o 1.41 × 10-7 W/m2
o 2.64 × 10-7 W/m2
o 3.93 × 10-7 W/m2
o 4.52 × 10-7 W/m2
5. The buildup of plaque on the walls of an artery may decrease its diameter from 1.1 cm to 0.75
cm. If the speed of blood flow was 15 cm/s before reaching the region of plaque buildup, find
the speed of blood flow?
o 58 cm/s
o 32 cm/s
o 10 cm/s
o 46 cm/s
o 73 cm/s
6. A hot-air balloon plus cargo has a mass of 1890 Kg and a volume of 11430 m3. The balloon is
floating at a constant height of 6.25 m above the ground. What is the density of the hot air in
the balloon?
o 5. 58 kg/m3
o 2.36 kg/m3
o 1.12 kg/m3
o 4. 72 kg/m3
o 3.82 kg/m3
7. A balloon is filled with helium at a pressure of 2.4 × 105 Pa. The balloon is at a temperature
of 18 °C and has a radius of 0.25 m. How many helium atoms are contained in the balloon?
o 5.2 × 1024 atoms
o 2.7 × 1024 atoms
o 1.5 × 1024 atoms
o 3.9 × 1024 atoms
o 4.3 × 1024 atoms
8. The deepest place in all the oceans is Marianas Trench, where the depth is 10.9 km and the
pressure is 1.10 × 108 Pa. If a copper ball 15.0 cm in diameter is taken to the bottom of the
trench, by how much does its volume decrease?
o -9.7 × 10 -6 m3
o -8.4 × 10 -6 m3
o -3.2 × 10 -6 m3
o -1.4 × 10 -6 m3
o -2.6 × 10 -6 m3
9. A current of 0.96 A flows through a copper wire 0.44 mm in diameter when it is connected
to a potential difference of 15 V. How long is the wire?
o 0.14 Km
o 0.49 Km
o 0.27 Km
o 0.36 Km
o 0.84 Km
10. The current in a 120 V reading lamp is 2.6 A. If the cost of electrical energy is $0.075 per
kilowatt-hour, how much does it cost to operate the light for an hour?
o $ 0.056
o $ 0.089
o $ 0.067
o $ 0.023
o $ 0.042
11. You stand 1.50 m in front of a wall and gaze downward at a small vertical mirror mounted on
it. In this mirror you can see the reflection of your shoes. If your eyes are 1.85 m above your
feet, through what angle should the mirror be tilted for you to see your eye reflected in the
mirror? (The location of the mirror remains the same, only its angle to the vertical is changed)
o
o 71.4
o
o 24.1
o
12. A submerged scuba diver looks up toward the calm surface of freshwater lake and note that
the sun appears to be 35 ° from the vertical. The diver’s friend is standing on the shore of the
lake. At what angle above the horizon does the friend see the sun?
o 62
o 40
o 50
o 35
o 84
13. Which of the three decay processes ( , , ) results in a new element. Choose the best
answer.
o
o
o
o and
o None of the above
14. An alpha particle is the nucleus of a 24 He atom. How many nucleons are in a nucleus with
twice the radius of an alpha particle?
o 45 nucleons
o 67 nucleons
o 32 nucleons
o 11 nucleons
o 55 nucleons
15. An alpha particle with a kinetic energy of 0.85 MeV approaches a stationary gold nucleus.
What is the speed of the alpha particle?
o 1.2 × 104 m/s
o 6.4 × 106 m/s
o 2.5 × 107 m/s
o 8.6 × 105 m/s
o 7.8 × 106 m/s
16. Complete the following nuclear reaction: 37 Li + 11 H + 24 He + ?
4
o 2 He
7
o 3 Li
1
o 1 H
4
o 9 Th
2
o 8 Ra
17. During a workout, a person repeatedly lifts a 12-Ib barbell through a distance of 1.3 ft. How
many “reps” of this lift are required to burn off 150 C?
o 8 × 109 reps
o 3 × 104 reps
o 6 × 105 reps
o 9 × 107 reps
o 1 × 108 reps
18. Two objects are made of the same material but have different temperatures. Object 1 has a
mass m, and object 2 has a mass 2m. If the objects are brought into thermal contact, is the
temperature change of object 1 greater than, less than, or equal to the temperature change
of object 2? Choose the best explanation from among the following?
o Less than, because the larger object gives up more heat, and therefore its
temperature change is greatest.
o Equal to, since the heat given up by one object is taken up by the other object. Since
the objects have the same heat capacity, the temperature changes are the same.
o Greater than, since one object loses heat of magnitude Q, the other gains heat of
magnitude Q. With the same magnitude of heat involved, the smaller object has the
greater temperature change.
19. The refrigerator in your kitchen does 480 J work to remove 110 J of heat from its interior. How
much heat does the refrigerator exhaust into the kitchen?
o 0.23 KJ
o 0.49 KJ
o 0.84 KJ
o 0.59 KJ
o 0.72 KJ
20. How much negative electric charge is contained in 2 moles of carbon?
o -2 × 108 C
o -1 × 106 C
o -5 × 107 C
o -8 × 104 C
o -9 × 103 C
21. A surface encloses the charges q1 = 3.2 μC, q2 = 6.9 μC, and q3 = -4.1 μC. Find the electric flux
through this surface.
o 2.4 106 N m2 /C
o 7.3 108 N m2 /C
o 4.2 109 N m2 /C
o 3.3 104 N m2 /C
o 6.8 105 N m2 /C
22. A silver wire is 5.9 m long and 0.49 mm in diameter. What is its resistance?
o 0.5 Ω
o 2.7 Ω
o 3.3 Ω
o 4.8 Ω
o 1.4 Ω
23. A portable CD player operates with a current of 22 mA at a potential difference of 4.1 V. What
is the power usage of the player?
o 0.072 W
o 0.182 W
o 0.090 W
o 1.40 W
o 4.73 W
24. Two rays of light converge toward each other, as shown in figure below, forming an angle of
27°. Before they intersect, however, they are reflected from a circular plane mirror with a
diameter of 11 cm. if the mirror can be moved horizontally to the left or right, what is the
greatest possible distance d from the mirror to the point where the reflected rays meet?
o 63 cm
o 38 cm
o 86 cm
o 52 cm
o 23 cm
25. Light enters a container of benzene at an angle of 43° to the normal; the refracted beam
makes an angle of 27° with the normal. Calculate the index of refraction of benzene.
o 1.8
o 1.7
o 1.5
o 1.3
o 1.0
Solutions
1. A position-versus-time plot for an object undergoing simple harmonic motion is shown in the figure.
Use the principles of one-dimensional motion to determine the rankings of speed, velocity, and
acceleration for each of the indicated points. The magnitude of the slope of the x-versus-t graph is the
speed of the object. The slope is zero at points C and F, so the speed is also zero there. The slope is
maximum at points A and D, so the speed is maximum at those points. The speeds at points B and E are
intermediate between maximum and zero. We arrive at the ranking for speeds: C = F < B = E < A = D.
The other answers are wrong.
2. An old car with worn-out shock absorbers oscillates with a given frequency when it hits a speed bump.
The driver adds a couple of passengers to the car and hits another speed bump. Note the relationship
between frequency of a mass on a spring and the mass in order to answer the conceptual question.
Rewrite equation 13-11 as f = 1 T = (1 2 ) k m . From this expression we can see that increasing m
will decrease f. We conclude that the resulting frequency of oscillation is less than it was before. Reason
is: The best explanation is I. Increasing the mass on a spring increases its period, and hence decreases
its frequency. Statements II and III are each false.
3. We are given the equation describing a wave and wish to determine the amplitude and wavelength.
2 2
The general form of a wave is given by y = A cos x− t . Compare this equation to
T
y = (15 cm ) cos x− t , the equation given in the problem, to identify the wave
5.0 cm 12 s
2
parameters. Identify the amplitude as A: A = 15 cm and wavelength λ: = , so
5.0 cm
= 10 cm = 0.10 m when we cross multiply to find lamda in these two equations.
4. Our sketch shows the two observers, one at a distance of r 1 = 1.00 m from the bird, the other at a
distance of r2 = 4.25 m. The sound emitted by the bird is assumed to spread out spherically, with no
reflections. We can use the equation for intensities as follows.
2 2
r 1.00 m
( 2.80 10 W / m )
−6
I 2 = 1 I1 = 2
2
r 4.25 m
= 1.55 10−7 W / m 2
5. The image shows two regions of a blood vessel. The initial region has no plaque buildup and has a
diameter d1 = 1.1 cm and pressure P1. The blood flows through this region at a rate of 15 cm/s. The
second region has plaque buildup so its diameter is only d2 = 0.75 cm and its pressure is P2.
We wish to find the speed of the blood at the plaque buildup. Solve the volume continuity equation for
the speed in the narrower region.
A1v1 = A2 v2
2
A
d12 d
v2 = 1 v1 = 4
v = 1 v1
2 1
A2 4 d2 d2
2
1.1 cm
v2 = (15 cm/s ) = 32 cm/s
0.75 cm
6. A hot air balloon remains at constant height because the net force on the balloon is zero. Set the
buoyant force on the balloon equal to the weight of the balloon and cargo plus the weight of the hot
air in the balloon. Set the weight of the hot air equal to its density times the volume of the balloon and
solve for the density of the hot air.
Set the buoyant force equal to the weight of the balloon and the weight of the hot air:
Fb = Mg + mg
airVg = Mg + hot airVg
M 1890 kg
Solve for the density of the hot air: hot air = air − = 1.29 kg/m3 − = 1.12 kg m3
V 11,430 m3
7. A spherical balloon is filled with helium gas at a specified temperature and pressure. The number of
atoms within the balloon is doubled, while the temperature and pressure are held constant. This
increases the volume, and therefore the radius. Use the ideal gas law equation, to calculate the number
of atoms within the balloon. The volume of a sphere is related to the radius by V = 34 r 3 . Doubling
the number of atoms at constant temperature and pressure will double the volume. Set the final
volume equal to twice the initial volume and solve for the final radius in terms of the initial radius. Solve
the ideal gas law for the number of atoms:
PV
PV = NkT N =
kT
Write the volume in terms of the radius and insert the given values:
P ( 34 r 3 ) ( 2.4 10 Pa ) 34 ( 0.25 m )
5 3
N= = = 3.9 1024 atoms
kT (1.38 10−23 J/K ) ( 273.15 + 18 K )
8. A copper sphere is submerged to the bottom of the Marianas Trench. The increased pressure
compresses the ball. Solve equation below for the change in volume. Calculate the initial volume of the
sphere from the diameter and therefore V : is
V
P = − B then
V0
V P
V = − 0
B
Write the volume in terms of the radius:
34 ( 12 D )3 P
V = −
B
− 34 ( 12 0.15 m ) (1.10 108 Pa –1.01105 Pa )
3
=
14 1010 N/m 2
V = −1.4 10− 6 m3
9. A length of copper wire has an intrinsic resistance. If any current is flowing in the wire, there is a
potential difference across the two ends of the wire. Ohm’s Law gives the relationship between
potential difference, current, and resistance for any circuit element. To solve this problem, we can
combine resistance of a wire and Ohm’s Law equations to find the length of the wire. Remember that
the resistivity of copper is 1.68 10−8 m .
L L
V = I R = I = I 1
A 4D
2
( 0.44 10 m ) (15 V )
−3 2
D 2V
L= = = 0.14 km
4I 4 ( 0.96 A ) (1.68 10 −8 m )
10. A reading lamp consumes electric power by drawing current at a certain voltage. The power consumed
by the lamp is given by the equation below. First find the power P consumed and then determine the
energy U consumed by multiplying the power by the time over which the lamp is operated. The cost
is then the energy consumed multiplied by the cost per kilowatt-hour. Calculate the power delivered to
the lamp: P = IV = ( 2.6 A )(120 V ) = 310 W
Multiply P by t to find U : U = P t = ( 0.31 kW )(1.0 h ) = 0.31 kWh
Multiply by the cost per kilowatt-hour: cost = ( 0.31 kWh )( $0.075 kWh ) = $0.023
11. The image shows you observing the image of your feet in a vertical mirror mounted on a wall that is
1.50 meters away. To observe your eyes the mirror should be tilted by an angle equal to the angle of
reflection of the light from the shoes. Calculate the angle of reflection from the inverse tangent of half
your height divided by the distance to the mirror.
h 1 (1.85m )
Calculate r : r = tan −1 = tan −1 2 = 31.7
d 1.50 m
12. The figure shows a scuba diver who sees the sun at an angle of 35 from the vertical. The incident
sunlight makes an angle of θi with the vertical.
Use Snell’s Law to calculate the incident angle of the sunlight. The angle of the sun from the horizontal
is 90 − i.
Calculate the incident angle:
nair sin i = nw sin 2
nw 1.33
i = sin −1 sin 2 = sin −1 sin 35 = 50
nair 1.000
Find the Sun’s angle above the horizon: = 90 − i = 90 − 50 = 40
13. A nucleus undergoes , or decay. The chemical identity of an atom is determined by the number
of protons in its nucleus, so that any nuclear decay process that changes the number of protons in the
nucleus will result in the production of a new element. Both alpha () and beta () decay result in a
new element, because the atomic number Z changes. For example, in alpha decay the atomic number
of a nucleus changes from Z to Z – 2. In beta decay, the atomic number changes from Z to Z + 1. In
contrast, gamma () decay is simply a release of energy with no change in atomic number.
14. The nuclear radius increases as the atomic mass number increases. We want to calculate the number
of nucleons that would be contained in a nucleus that is twice the radius of an alpha particle. Equation
32-4 indicates that the radius is proportional to the cube root of the atomic mass number A. Therefore,
in order to double the radius, you must increase A by the factor 23 = 8. Multiply the mass number of
helium by 8: A = 8 AHe = 8 ( 4 ) = 32
15. An alpha particle with initial kinetic energy approaches a stationary gold nucleus and comes to rest due
to the electrostatic repulsion between the two particles.
Now calculate the velocity from the kinetic energy.
4
The mass of the alpha particle is the mass of 2 He minus the mass of two electrons, or
m = mHe-4 − 2me = 4.002603 u − ( 2 )( 0.000549 u ) = 4.001505 u (931.5 MeV/c 2 1 u ) = 3727 MeV/c 2 .
1 2 2K
Then K = mv v =
2 m
2(0.85MeV)
v=
3727 MeV/c2
= 0.021c = 6.4 106 m/s
16. We are given part of a nuclear reaction and are asked to balance the equation by determining the
missing constituent. Strategy: Set the sum of the atomic numbers on each side of the equation equal
in order to calculate the unknown atomic number. From the atomic number determine the element.
Set the sum of the atomic masses on each side of the equation equal to calculate the unknown atomic
mass. Using the atomic mass and atomic number complete the equation.
Calculate the unknown atomic number: 3 + 1 = 2 + Z Z = 2, which is helium, or He
Calculate the unknown atomic mass: 7 + 1 = 4 + A A = 4
Complete the nuclear reaction: 73 Li + 11 H → 42 He + 4
2 He
17. A person is lifting weights during a workout. The person does work against gravity each time the weight
is lifted. Calculate the amount of work done each time the weight is lifted and convert the results to
calories. Divide the total work done by the work per lift to calculate the number of lifts necessary to
expend the specified amount of calories.
Multiply force by distance to
calculate work done in each repetition: W = F y = (12 lb )(1.3 ft ) = 15.6 ft-lb
1 m 4.448 N 1 Cal
Convert from ft-lbs to Calories: W = (15.6 lb ft )
−3
= 5.05 10 Cal
3.281 ft lb 4186 N m
Divide the total energy by the
150 Cal
energy per repetition: repetitions (reps) = = 3.0 104
5.05 10−3 Cal
18. Two objects are made of the same material but have different temperatures. Object 1 has a mass m,
and object 2 has a mass 2m. The objects are brought into thermal contact.
Heat will spontaneously flow from the hot object to the cold object until they are at the same
temperature. The heat energy exchanged will be the same for each object, but the temperature change
of each object is inversely proportional to its mass.
The less massive object, which has the smaller heat capacity, will have the greatest change in
temperature. Thus, the temperature change of object 1 is greater than the temperature change of
object 2.
The best explanation is One object loses heat of magnitude Q, the other gains heat of magnitude Q.
With the same magnitude of heat involved, the smaller object has the greater temperature change.
Statement I is false, and the first part of statement II is true, but the objects have different heat
capacities because of their different masses.
Q
c=
mT
The specific heat is the hear capacity per unit mass. Thus, the specific heat is independent of the
quantity of a material in a given object.
19. A refrigerator extracts heat from the cold reservoir and ejects the heat to the hot reservoir. This process
requires work to be input into the system.
The heat exhausted to the hot reservoir. Qh = Qc + W
Qh = 110 J + 480 J = 0.59 kJ
There is 0.59 KJ heat exhausted from the kitchen.
20. A large number of carbon atoms are collected together in a system. Each carbon atom has 6 electrons,
and each electron carries a charge equal to −e = −1.60×10−19 C. We need only multiply the number of
electrons by the amount of charge carried by each.
Multiply the
number of electrons by −e:
Q = N ( −e ) = ( 6nN A )( −e )
= 6 ( 2 mol ) ( 6.022 1023 mol−1 )( −1.60 10−19 C ) = −1 106 C
21. A fully closed surface contains three charges. Use Gauss’s Law to equate the flux through the surface
with the amount of charge enclosed by the surface divided by 0 .
q q1 + q2 + q3 ( 3.2 + 6.9 − 4.1) 10− 6 C
= = = = 6.8 105 N m 2 /C
0 0 8.85 10−12 C2 / N m 2
22. A silver wire of known dimensions has an intrinsic resistance. We determine the resistance of the wire
using the resistivity equation and the resistivity of silver is 1.59 × 10-4 Ωm.
L
(
R = = 1.59 10−8 m )
5.9 m
= 0.50
( )
2
A
0.49 10−3 m
4
Were the area is A = r = D 2 1
4
2
23. A portable CD player consumes electric power by drawing current at a certain voltage. The power
consumed by the CD player is the current it draws times the voltage at which it operates.
P = IV = ( 0.022A )( 4.1 V ) = 0.090 W
24. The image shows two rays that approach each other at an angle of 27. A mirror of diameter 11 cm is
placed in the path of the rays causing them to reflect before they intersect.
The distance d will be greatest when the rays are incident at the edges of the mirror, 11 cm apart. The
reflected rays and the diameter of the mirror form an isosceles triangle. The distance d bisects this triangle
forming two right triangles where d is one leg, (11 cm)/2 is the other leg, the reflected ray from the mirror
to the point of intersection is the hypotenuse, and θ is 27°/2. Use this triangle to calculate the distance
d.
27 y 11 cm 2
Set the tangent equal to the ratio y x : tan = tan = =
2 x d
Solve for dmax : d max = 5.5 cm tan13.5 = 23 cm
25. A light ray refracts as it travels from air to liquid benzene. Using Snell’s law, we can calculate the index
of refraction:
sin i sin 43
nbenzene = nair = 1.000 = 1.5
sin 2 sin 27
