Investment Class Notes - Portfolio Diversification
Diversification reduces unsystematic risk by holding a variety of assets. Systematic risk cannot be
eliminated through diversification.
Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) introduced by Harry Markowitz emphasizes the efficient frontier,
where portfolios maximize return for a given level of risk.
Key measures: expected return, standard deviation, covariance, correlation, beta.
Practical example: Combining stocks and bonds in a portfolio lowers risk compared to investing in
one asset class only.