12/09/2021
Content
• Objective
• Classification,
Screening • Design Consideration.
• Screenings Characteristics and Quantities
Unit Operation
Screening: Objective Classification of Screens
• A screen is a device with opening generally of • Based on
uniform size for removing bigger suspended or – Opening size:- Coarse, Medium and Fine
floating matter in water and wastewater.
– Configuration:- Bar Screens and Mesh Screens
• Objective
– Prevent damage of subsequent process equipment. – Method used to clean the entrapped materials:-
– Increase overall treatment process reliability and manually, mechanically, raked or water-jet cleaned
effectiveness.
– Prevent contamination of waterways.
– Eliminate materials that may inhibit the beneficial
reuse of biosolids.
Classification of Screens Classification of Screens
• Opening Size: • Configuration
– Coarse Screens:- 6 to 150mm – Bar Screens/Bar Racks:- A screen composed of
– Fine Screens:- <6mm parallel bars or rods is called a bar rack or a coarse
– Micro screens:- <0.5micrometer screen and is used for the removal of coarse
solids.
– Mesh Screens:- Includes all fine screens and micro
screens
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Classification of Screens
• Method of Screen cleaning
– Manually:- Coarse Screens of Bar Rack can be
cleaned manually
– Mechanical:-
• Coarse Screens:- Methods for Mechanical cleaning of
coarse screens are shown in figure.
• Fine Screens:- Inclined Static, Rotary Drum and Step
Screens.
Fig: Coarse Screens or Bar Rack
Microscreens Design Considerations
• It involves the use of variable low speed • Design Considerations include:
continuously backwashed rotating drum – Location
screens operating under gravity flow
– Approach Velocity
conditions
– Clear openings between bars or mesh size
• The openings are 10 to 35micrometer
– Headloss through the screens
• The water enters the open end of the drum
and flows outward through the rotating drum
• Application of microscreens are to remove
suspended solids from secondary effluent.
Design Considerations: Location Design Considerations: Bar Racks
• Coarse Screens are used to protect pumps, valves Parameter Unit Cleaning Method
Manual Mechanical
and pipelines and other appurtenances from Bar Width mm 5 to 15 5 to 15
damage of clogging by rags and large objects. Bar Depth mm 25 to 38 25 to 38
They should be installed ahead of grit chambers. Clear spacing 25 to 50 15 to 75
between bars
• Fine screens application ranges over a broad Slope from Vertical 30 to 45 0 to 30
spectrum; uses include preliminary and primary Max Approach m/sec 0.3 to 0.6 0.6 to 1.0
velocity
treatment. Fine screens can be used to remove Min Approach m/sec 0.3 to 0.5
solids from primary effluent that could cause velocity
Allowable headloss mm 150 150 to 600
clogging of trickling filters.
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Design of Bar Racks Fine Screens
• Headloss through the screens • Fine Screens used for preliminary treatment
– Hl = (V2- v2/2g)/C are Static, Rotary and Step type. Typically the
– Hl = Head Loss in m openings vary from 0.2 to 6mm.
– V2= Velocity of flow through openings of bar • In many cases application of fine screens is
screen, m/sec limited to treatment plants where headloss
– v2 = approach velocity in upstream channel, m/sec through the screens is not a problem.
– g = Gravitational acceleration
– C = Headloss coefficient for clean bar screen
Fine Screen Fine Screen
• Static wedge wire screen • Drum Screen
– Clear openings = 0.2 to 1.2mm – Suitable for flowrates less than 0.13m3/sec
– Design flowrate = 400 to 1200lit/m2.min of screen – Available in various sizes from 0.9 to 2m in
area diameter and from 1.2 to 4m in length
– Headloss = =1.2 to 2m – Size range
– Screen must be cleaned twice daily with high • Coarse = 2.5 to 5mm (preliminary)
pressure hot water to remove grease buildup • Medium = 0.25 to 2.5mm( Primary)
• Fine = 6 to 35micrometer(Secondary)
Fine Screens Efficiency of Fine Screens
• The clear water head loss through fine screens Type of Screen Size of Opening BOD Percent
Removed
TSS Percent
removed
may be obtained from manufacturer’s table or
calculated as below Fixed Parabolic 1.6mm 5-20 5-30
• HL = (Q/CA)2/2g
Rotary Drum 0.25mm 25-50 25-45
– HL = Headloss,m
– C = coeff of discharge for screen
– Q = discharge through screen
– A = effective open area of submerged screen
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Screenings Characteristics and Screenings Characteristics and
Quantities Quantities
• Screenings are materials retained on bar racks • Screenings collected on coarse screens
and screens – The quantity and characteristics of screenings
• The smaller the opening the greater the collected for disposal vary, depending on the type
of bar screen, the size of the bar screen opening,
quantity of collected screenings
the type of sewer system and the geographic
location.
Characteristics and Quantities of screenings Screenings Characteristics and
removed from wastewater with coarse screens Quantities
Size of opening Moisture Specific weight Volume Range Volume typical
• Screenings retained on fine screens
content
Size of Moisture Specific Volume Range Volume
opening content weight Typical
12.5mm 60-90% 700-1100kg/m3 37-74 50 Lit/1000m3 12.5mm 80-90% 900- 44-110 75Lit/1000m3
1100kg/m3
6.25mm 80-90 900-1100 30-60 45
25 50-80 600-1000 15-37 22
Screenings Handling Processing and Screenings Handling Processing and
Disposal Disposal
• Screenings handling: • Screenings Processing:
– Belt Conveyers: – Screening Compactors used to dewater and
• Advantages: Low maintenance, freedom from clogging, reduce the volume of screenings
low cost. – Water content removal = 50%
• Disadvantage: gives off odors
– Volume reduction = 75%
– Pneumatic ejectors:
• Advantages: Less odours, requires less space.
• Disadvantage: subjected to clogging
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Screenings Handling Processing and
Disposal
• Screening Disposal:
– Disposal in Landfill with municipal solid wastes
– By Burial on plant site (small quantity)
– Incineration
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