Jurnal Scientia
Volume 13, Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.58471/ scientia.v13i04
ESSN 2723-7486 (Online)
https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan
An Implementation Iot Weather Station Based On ESP 32
Beni Satria1*, Rahmaniar2, M. Erpandi Dalimunthe3
1,2,3
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Keywords: This study discusses the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-
Weather Station, based weather station using NodeMCU ESP32, BMP280 sensor, and
IoT, DHT11. This weather station is designed to collect real-time
Sensors, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure data, and transmit
Blynk, them to an online platform for further analysis. NodeMCU ESP32 is
Node MCU used as the main microcontroller tasked with controlling and collecting
data from both sensors. The BMP280 sensor is used to measure
atmospheric pressure and temperature, while the DHT11 sensor is
used to measure air humidity. The collected data is sent via a Wi-Fi
connection to the Blynk server for storage and analysis. Through the
use of IoT technology, this weather station provides the ability to
monitor weather conditions in real time and take necessary actions
based on the collected data. Integration with an online platform allows
remote data access, allowing users to monitor weather conditions from
anywhere. Thus, this study not only illustrates the implementation of
IoT technology in monitoring weather but also opens up opportunities
for broader applications in environmental monitoring and resource
management.
This is an open access article Corresponding Author:
under theCC BY-NClicense Beni Satria
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan, North Sumatera,
Indonesia
[email protected] INTRODUCTION
Information about current weather conditions is a common need for society because many
activities depend on weather conditions. Weather conditions can change rapidly and
radically at any time, making people less responsive to the impact. Meteorological factors
that must be considered can be used as documents to predict the weather at any time in the
future. The most widely used weather information is temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind
speed, wind direction and light. It is easier to get information today with a wide internet
reach. All internet users can get all information in real time. In addition to being a means of
sharing information, the internet can also be used to control or control an object through the
Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things is a concept that aims to expand the benefits
of permanently connected Internet connectivity [3]. In the increasingly developing digital
era, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a concept that allows objects in everyday life to
connect and communicate via the internet network. One interesting implementation of this
concept is an IoT-based weather station.
Traditional weather stations generally only provide information about temperature and
humidity at a particular location. However, with the integration of advanced sensors such as
An Implementation Iot Weather Station Based On ESP 32–Beni Satria et.al
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Jurnal Scientia
Volume 13, Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.58471/ scientia.v13i04
ESSN 2723-7486 (Online)
https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan
BMP280 and DHT11, IoT-based weather stations can provide more comprehensive and
accurate information about weather conditions. The BMP280 sensor is a highly precise
atmospheric pressure and temperature sensor. This sensor is capable of measuring changes
in atmospheric pressure very accurately, so it can be used to predict weather changes such
as rain or sunny weather. In addition, the DHT11 sensor is a temperature and humidity
sensor that also has high accuracy. The combination of BMP280 and DHT11 sensors in an
IoT weather station allows for the measurement of temperature, humidity, air pressure, and
even changes in temperature and humidity over time. In this study, we will discuss in depth
the design and implementation of an IoT-based weather station using BMP280 and DHT11
sensors. surement Time: 5.5 mS
Table 1. BMP280 Sensor Pin Description
Pin Pin Name Pin Description
No.
1 Vcc This is the power pin. Connect a 3.3 volt dc supply to this pin.
2 GND Ground Pin
3 SCL Serial Clock pin for I2C interface
4 Natural Serial Data Pins for I2C interface
Resources
5 CSB Chip Select pin for I2C and SPI interfaces when equipped with low
and ground signals. When applying a 3.3 volt HIGH signal, this pin
will select the I2C interface.
6 SDO Serial Data Output pin, which sends output data
The BMP280 sensor operates on the principle of air pressure changing with altitude.
As altitude changes, atmospheric pressure also changes. This sensor uses this principle to
measure changes in atmospheric pressure and converts them into interpretable pressure
values.
DHT11 Sensor
The DHT11 sensor is an economical temperature and humidity sensor that is widely
used in various electronic projects, including weather monitoring systems, environmental
controls, smart home appliances, and more. Here is a detailed explanation of the DHT11
sensor:
Figure 2. DHT11 Sensor
The DHT11 sensor operates based on changes in the resistance of materials that are
sensitive to air humidity. This change in resistance is influenced by the level of humidity.
An Implementation Iot Weather Station Based On ESP 32–Beni Satria et.al
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Jurnal Scientia
Volume 13, Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.58471/ scientia.v13i04
ESSN 2723-7486 (Online)
https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan
This sensor uses the change in resistance to calculate the temperature and humidity of the
air.
NodeMCU ESP32
In 2016, Espressif system, a technology company based in Shanghai, China. Released
its latest product, ESP32. ESP32 is not here to replace ESP8266, but provides
improvements in all lines. Not only does it have support for WLAN connectivity, but also
Bluetooth makes it more versatile. The CPU it has is similar to that embedded in the
ESP8266 - namely the Xtensa® LX6 32-bit, but with dual core. ESP32 is an open source
microcontroller intended for IOT (Internet Of Things) needs, with low prices and energy
efficiency. By using TSMC as a core manufacturer with a large 40nm. The ESP32 generation
uses the Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor as the core. Both in single-core and dual-core
modes.
Figure 3. ESP32 CPU
ESP32 embedded in it Microprocessor LX6 Single or Dual-Core 32-bit with clock
frequency up to 240 MHz. And storage SRAM 520 KB, ROM 448 KB, and SRAM RTC 16
KB. In addition, esp32 also supports Wi-Fi connectivity 802.11 b / g / n with speeds up to
150 Mbps and with support for Classic Bluetooth v4.2 and BLE specifications. Plus 34
programmable GPIOs add ease to interface with other devices.
Weather Station Circuit Schematic With NodeMCU ESP32
The schematic of the weather station circuit that will be built is as shown in the image
below.
Figure 4. Complete set of weather station systems
RESEARCH METHODS
The method used in this research is a combination of experimental and quantitative
research. With this approach, it is hoped that the IoT weather station system developed can
An Implementation Iot Weather Station Based On ESP 32–Beni Satria et.al
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Jurnal Scientia
Volume 13, Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.58471/ scientia.v13i04
ESSN 2723-7486 (Online)
https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan
provide a significant contribution to monitoring weather and environmental conditions in
real-time.
Data Analysis Methods
1. Data collection:
a. The NodeMCU ESP32 will collect data from weather sensors such as
temperature, humidity, air pressure, and possibly wind speed and direction.
b. This data will then be sent via a WiFi connection to a server or data storage
platform.
2. Data Storage:
a. Data can be stored in the cloud using services like AWS, Google Cloud, or
Azure, or you can store it locally on your own servers.
b. Make sure to store data in a format that is easy to access and process, such as
CSV or JSON.
3. Data Visualization:
a. Create a user interface or dashboard to visualize the collected weather data. You
can use tools like Grafana, Plotly, or Matplotlib to create attractive and
informative graphs and charts.
b. Useful graphs might include daily trends in temperature, relative humidity, and
air pressure, as well as perhaps wind.
4. Data analysis:
a. Perform simple statistical analysis such as mean, median, and standard
deviation to see trends and patterns in weather data.
b. It is also possible to use advanced analysis techniques such as regression to
predict future weather patterns based on historical data.
5. Notifications or Automatic Actions (Optional):
a. If you want to take action based on certain weather conditions, you can create a
notification system or automated actions.
b. For example, if the temperature reaches extreme levels, the system can send a
notification or activate cooling or heating devices.
6. Data Security:
Make sure to secure your weather data, especially if you store it in the cloud. Use
strong encryption and authentication protocols to protect your data from unauthorized
access.
7. System Maintenance and Monitoring:
Finally, make sure to perform regular maintenance on our system and monitor its
performance. Check the sensors regularly to make sure they are working properly and
make sure the data delivery system is running smoothly.
By following these steps, we will have a powerful data analysis method for your IoT
Weather Station system with Node MCU ESP32.
An Implementation Iot Weather Station Based On ESP 32–Beni Satria et.al
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Jurnal Scientia
Volume 13, Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.58471/ scientia.v13i04
ESSN 2723-7486 (Online)
https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan
RESULTS
System Result.
This system consists of two main parts, namely hardware and software. After being
assembled, the circuit is as in Figure 5 below. The hardware circuit consists of 3 parts,
namely, the node-mcu board, the BMP 280 and DHT11 sensor boards and the LCD board
equipped with an I2C interface.
Figure 5. Complete IoT Weather Station Circuit
How the system works is as follows:
When first turned on, the system will initialize the device. It checks what devices are
connected to it. Then the system tries to make a connection to wifi, according to the SSID
and password that have been set. If it is appropriate, the system will connect to wifi. Then
each sensor reads the environmental conditions and sends the results to Blynk. Blynk then
sends the results to the Android Smartphone.
Then so that the system can be monitored via a smartphone, we must connect the
system to Blynk. Then install Blynk IoT from the Play Store. Install until finished then Login
with the same account as the account that was created on the web earlier. After the Blynk
display appears, then we follow the procedure as on the Blynk web. After the configuration
is complete on the cell-phone and has appeared, the LCD displays the BMP280 sensor
reading value and humidity from the DHT11 sensor.
Figure 6. Sensor Reading Values Also Appear In The Blynk Android Application.
An Implementation Iot Weather Station Based On ESP 32–Beni Satria et.al
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Jurnal Scientia
Volume 13, Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.58471/ scientia.v13i04
ESSN 2723-7486 (Online)
https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan
Figure 7. Sensor Reading Values Displayed on Android Smart Phone
Discussion
The results of monitoring the average air temperature during the day in Medan city for
21 days can be seen in the table below. Measurements were taken from 10:00 WIB and
15:00 WIB.
Figure 8. Average Daytime Temperature Graph for 3 Weeks
Figure 9. Average Relative Humidity Chart During the Day
An Implementation Iot Weather Station Based On ESP 32–Beni Satria et.al
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Jurnal Scientia
Volume 13, Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.58471/ scientia.v13i04
ESSN 2723-7486 (Online)
https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan
The graph shows the average daytime temperature for three weeks in degrees Celsius (°C).
Here are some points to discuss from the graph:
1. Temperature Movement:
a. The average temperature ranges from 29°C to 34°C.
b. There are significant temperature fluctuations from day to day, indicating climate
variations that may be caused by factors such as weather, rainfall, and humidity
levels.
2. Weekly Trends:
a. In the first week, average temperatures were seen to be stable with a slight
increase on Wednesday.
b. The second week showed a higher increase in temperatures compared to the
first week, with the highest temperature peaks occurring on Thursday and
Friday.
c. The third week shows greater temperature variation with a significant drop on
Wednesday, but then increasing again towards the end of the week.
3. Certain Day:
a. Monday of the second week showed one of the highest temperatures on the
chart.
b. The lowest temperature occurred on Wednesday in the third week.
c. There was a consistent increase in temperature towards the end of the third
week.
4. Further Analysis:
For further analysis, it is important to consider external factors that may affect
temperature, such as seasonal weather patterns, natural events such as rain or
storms, and human activities that may affect local temperatures.
This graph provides a clear picture of how the average daytime temperature varies over a
three-week period and can be used for more in-depth analysis of climate trends in a
particular region.
CONCLUSION
From the discussion above, the results of this study can be concluded as follows: The
designed system has been in accordance with expectations, namely being able to monitor
surrounding weather conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, air pressure and
altitude. The accuracy of the measurement is approximately 5%, so it can be said to be quite
accurate. The connection to the Blynk cloud is also fast and the results depend on the
internet provider used. Can monitor weather conditions via Android and iOS smartphones.
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Volume 13, Number 04, 2024, DOI 10.58471/ scientia.v13i04
ESSN 2723-7486 (Online)
https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan
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