Steering System Design
Documentation
Formula Student Team GGV
A Detailed Technical report by
~Shreejal Tiwari
Abstract: This is a Detailed Technical The Steering wheel is connected to an
design report for the rack and pinion output shaft which is with the help of
assembly considering two steering a universal couple is connected with
ratios 4:1 and 5:1, using Technical tools the intermediate shaft this
like cad and mathematical modelling intermediate shaft is connected to
the parameters for the steering pinion .
system has been discussed and
derived The so transported rotational motion
from steering wheel makes the pinion
1) INTRODUCTION to perform rotational motion, the
pinion travels over the rack which
Steering System is designed to fulfill
causes the rack to cause linear motion
the Ackerman requirements to provide
which in turn pushes the tie roads that
capabilities to the vechile to perform
moves the Steering knuckle connected
pure turning without slipping , the
to the wheels that in deed moves the
I-center of all the four wheels coincide
wheels
and meet at the same point.
To achieve the above discussed
benchmark(s), I have used rack and
pinion gearbox in the design .
2) OVERVIEW
Read this overview ,If you don't want
to understand in depth the overall
design parameters derivations that I
have performed to deduce those *AI Generated Image
parameters, if you want a Detailed
insight of how the process was carried NOTE: This Image doesn't promises
out read the whole report. same design for our Project.
Formula Student Team GGV
A Detailed Technical report by
~Shreejal Tiwari
3) STEERING RATIO SELECTION Because I wanted to have a clearer
view what steering ratio i should use in
I am trying to write this report in a way my design i did the all necessary
that it reflects the procedure I went calculations for both the cases and at
through while devising the final design the end of this reported I have sated
for the team. My final verdict that which steering
ratio is finalised for our team.
While the work had a lot of research to
perform,I have limited the discussion
to design principles and in this paper
only two cases are discussed namely
A) Steering Ratio (4:1)
B) Steering Ratio (5:1)
An illustration to explain steering ratio
The Reader must not think that taking CC: FB page named advandes
in consideration of two steering ratios
reflect my confusion with the design. Case A (ratio=4:1)
It is done in this way because Steering 4.A) Analysis of Parametric values
Ratio decide the following parametric values that we need to find
contradictory parameters of the for designing a steering system from
Steering system: chassis engineers are:
Wheel Base (L)
1. Steering ratio ∝ (1/Maneuverability) Front Track width(W)
2. Steering ratio ∝ (1/steering force) Rear Track width(w)
Left knuckle steering point to Right
NOTE:- while designing a racing car we knuckle steering point(B)
want a quick response and type of
steering system which provides The Following table contains the
maximum and quick control over the above stated information as provided
vehicle while having least steering to me from the chassis team
force, so that it is is easier for the
driver to have control over the vehicle
Formula Student Team GGV
A Detailed Technical report by
~Shreejal Tiwari
Parameter Value
Wheel Base (L) 1600.2mm
Front Track width(W) 1200mm
Rear Track width(w) 1150mm
Left knuckle steering point to
Right knuckle steering point(B) 1040mm
4.A.1) Ackerman angel (β) calculation
we know that ackerman angle(β) is the
angle at which steering arms are STEP 2: Measuring tool Ackerman
slightly positioned inwards so as to angle using inspect tool.
prevent slipping
using the inspect tool I measured the
For a theoretically perfect turn, if you Ackerman Angle i.e the angle B/W line
drew imaginary lines through these connecting our steering knuckle point
steering arms, they would meet
exactly at the centre of the rear axle.
we will use fusion 360 to measure the
Ackerman angle for our vehicle
STEP1: Drawing geometrical 2-D sketch
of the top view of our steering system
Taking X-Z plane as our reference plane
and using line tool I drew the 2-d
sketch of our steering system.
Formula Student Team GGV
A Detailed Technical report by
~Shreejal Tiwari
The result came out to be 18.004 deg
we will take the approximate value of
18
Where
θᵢ ~ Inner wheel angle
θₒ ~ outer wheel angle
B ~ Left knuckle steering point to Right
knuckle steering point
L ~ Wheel Base
4.A.2) Inner and Outer angle
According to the fundamental
principle of ackerman the objective is
that inner and outer wheels should
rotate at a slightly different angle so
that both of them draw circles around
one and the same point. This
eliminates the scrubbing of tires
sideways when turning, which
increases grip and decreases tire wear.
For a two wheeled Steering system
this condition can be achieved,if the
design satisfyies the following
condition
Formula Student Team GGV
A Detailed Technical report by
~Shreejal Tiwari
Formula Student Team GGV
A Detailed Technical report by
~Shreejal Tiwari
Formula Student Team GGV
A Detailed Technical report by
~Shreejal Tiwari
