Question ID 960dec02 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions cy Arecent study tracked the number of bee species present in twenty-seven New York apple orchards over a ten-year period. found that when wild growth near an orchard was cleared, the number of different bee species visiting the orchard decreased, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A Entomologist Heather Grab: B, Entomologist, Heather Grab, C. Entomologist Heather Grab D. Entomologist Heather Grab, DR Cae iT Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation use between a name and title and between a subject and a verb. No punctuation is needed between the proper noun "Heather Grab” and “entomologist, the title that describes Grab. Additionally, no punctuation is needed between the sentence’s subject ("Entomologist Heather Grab") and the main verb ("found") that indicates what Grab did. Choice A is incorrect because no punctuation is needed between the subject and the verb. Choice B is incorrect because no punctuation is needed, Setting the entomologist’s name off with commas suggests that it could be removed without affecting the coherence of the sentence, which isn’t the case. Choice D is incorrect because no punctuation is needed between the subject and the verb. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 37e5c794 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense DEY LyS Despite being cheap, versatile, and easy to product biodegrade in landfills. they are made from nonrenewable petroleum, and most do not Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A. there are two problems associated with commercial plastics: B. two problems are associated with commercial plastics: C. commercial plastics’ two associated problems are that D. commercial plastics have two associated problems: PREP Ug Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-modifier placement. This choice ensures that the modifying phrase “despite being cheap, versatile, and easy to produce” appears immediately before the noun it modifies, “commercial plastics,” clearly establishing that the commercial plastics—and not another noun in the sentence—are being described as cheap, versatile, and easy to produce. Choice A is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the function word “there” immediately after the modifying phrase illogically and confusingly suggests that “there” is cheap, versatile, and easy to produce. Choice B is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun "two problems” immediately after the modifying phrase llogically suggests that the “problems” are cheap, versatile, and easy to produce. Choice C is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun phrase “commercial plastics’ two associated problems* immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that the “problems” are cheap, versatile, and easy to produce. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID a2816c7f Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Standard English Form, Structure, nnn Conventions and Sense DRC ‘American abstract artist Richard his installations to make passersby keenly aware of how one's movements are affected by the physical features of one's environment, assembles large-scale steel plates into sculptures that dominate the outdoor spaces they occupy. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A, Serra is intending B, Serra, intends C. Serra, intending D. Serra intends ID: a2816c7f Answer Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of verb forms within a sentence. This choice pairs the ‘comma after "Serra’ with the comma after “environment” and uses the nonfinite present participle “intending’ to correctly form a supplementary phrase describing the reaction Serra intends his sculptures to provoke. This supplementary phrase appears between the noun phrase that it modifies (‘American abstract artist Richard Serra") and the finite present tense verb ( Choice A is incorrect because it results in an ungrammatical sentence. The finite present continuous tense verb ‘is intending’ can't be used in this way in conjunction with the finite present tense verb ‘assembles, which already functions as the main verb in the sentence. Choice B is incorrect because it results in an ungrammatical sentence. The finite present tense verb ‘intends can't be used in this way to supplement the noun phrase ‘American abstract artist Richard Serra.” Choice Dis incorrect because it results in an ungrammatical sentence. The finite present tense verb “intends” can’t be used in this way in conjunction with the finite present tense verb "assembles," which already functions as the main verb in the sentence. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID eb95235b Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions DUAL) ‘The Limén technique, developed by Mexican-born dancer and choreographer Jose Limén, is known for its emphasis on breath control and its interplay of weight and dancers may explore, for example, the moment of mic-air suspension at the top of a jump. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. weightlessness B, weightlessness which C. weightlessness, D. weightlessness; PACE EU Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of punctuation within a sentence. This choice uses a semicolon in a conventional way to join the first main clause ("The Limén...weightlessness") and the second main clause (‘dancers..jump’) Choice A is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The two main clauses are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction. Choice B is incorrect. The relative pronoun ‘which’ can't be used in this way to join two main clauses. Choice C is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Without a conjunction following it, a comma can't be used in this way to join two main clauses. Que: n Difficulty: HardQuestion ID adf210e7 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions ID: adf210e7 ‘The haikuike poems of Tomas Transtrémer, which present nature- and dream-influenced images in crisp, spare language, have earned the Swedish poet praise from leading contemporary __ them Nigerian American essayist and novelist Teju Cole, who has written that Transtrémer’s works “contain a luminous simplicity” Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. writers. Among B, writers among C. writers; among D. writers, among ID: adf210e7 Answer Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation use between a main clause and a supplementary phrase. This choice correctly uses a comma to mark the boundary between the main clause ("The haiku-lke...writers") and the supplementary phrase (‘among..Cole") that specifies a contemporary writer who has praised Tomas Transtrémer's haiku-like poems. Choice A is incorrect because it results in a rhetorically unacceptable sentence fragment beginning with “among.” Choice B is incorrect because it fails to mark the boundary between the main clause and the supplementary phrase with appropriate punctuation. Choice C is incorrect because a semicolon can't be used in this way to join the main clause ("The haiku-like, writers”) and the supplementary phrase (‘among..Cole”) Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 908a76b8 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense DLL YL :} When a given industry—water and electricity are two well-known examples—carties high infrastructural start-up costs and other barriers that discourage competition, of just one or two suppliers per municipality. Such industries are known as natural monopolies. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. these often consist B, they often consist C. it often consists D. this often consists PRLS Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is pronoun-antecedent agreement. The singular pronoun "it" agrees in number with the singular antecedent “industry” and clearly indicates that the industry consists of just one or two suppliers per municipality, Choice A is incorrect. The plural pronoun "these" neither agrees in number with the singular antecedent ‘industry’ nor clearly indicates that the industry—not another plural noun in the sentence, such as ‘start-up costs" or “barriers’—consists of just ‘one or two suppliers per municipality. Choice B is incorrect because the plural pronoun "they" doesn't agree in number with the singular antecedent “industry. Choice D is incorrect because the singular pronoun “this” is ambiguous in this context; the resulting sentence leaves unclear what consists of just one or two suppliers per municipality. Que: n Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 13fcf575 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions DAR ETryEd Roughly 300 nights a year, when the cold air descending from the Andes Mountains meets the warm air rising from Venezuela's coastal Lake Maracaibo, the result is a spectacular lightning storm, its strikes so bright, so localized, and so that it has become known as "Maracaibo's Lighthouse.” Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. dependable: B, dependable; C. dependable D. dependable, PREC UC Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is the punctuation of an integrated relative clause. No punctuation is needed before the relative clause beginning with "that" because the content of the relative clause ('that...Lighthouse’) is, integral to the meaning of the coordinated adjectival phrase (‘so bright, so localized, and so dependable’) that it modifies. Choice A is incorrect because no punctuation is needed between the coordinated adjectival phrase (‘so bright...dependable") and the integrated relative clause that modifies it. Choice B is incorrect because no punctuation is needed between the coordinated adjectival phrase ("so bright...dependable’) and the integrated relative clause that modifies it. Choice D is incorrect because no punctuation is needed between the coordinated adjectival phrase (’so bright...dependable’) and the integrated relative clause that modifies it Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 940ff6f7 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Standard English Boundaries Conventions nnn Ded Jamaican British artist Willard Wigan is known for his remarkable so small that they are best viewed through a microscope, Wigar’s sculptures are made from tiny natural materials, such as spiderweb strands. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A. microsculptures creations B. microsculptures, creations C. microsculptures. Creations D. microsculptures and creations POU Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation between sentences. In this choice, the period is used to correctly mark the boundary between one sentence (‘Jamaican..microsculptures") and another ("Creations. strands’). The noun phrase beginning with “creations" modifies the subject of the next sentence, "Wigan's sculptures.” Choice A is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The sentences (‘Jamaican..microsculptures” and "Creations. strands’) are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction. Choice B is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. A ‘comma can't be used in this way to mark the boundary between sentences. Choice D is incorrect. Without a comma preceding it, the conjunction “and” can't be used in this way to join sentences, Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID aaa1907f Assessment Test Domain skill Difficulty AT Reading and Wi Standard English | Boundaries Conventions ann DTIC To serve local families during the Great Depression, innovative New York City librarian Pura Belpré offered storytelling in both English and Spanish, an uncommon celebrated el Dia de los Tres Reyes Magos, an important community holiday; and put on puppet shows dramatizing Puerto Rican folktales. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A practice, at the time B. practice at the time; C. practice, at the time, D. practice at the time, DCCC P Uo Correct Answer: B Rationale Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is the punctuation of elements in a complex series. t's, conventional to use a semicolon to separate items in a complex series with internal punctuation, and in this choice, the semicolon after "time" is conventionally used to separate the first item (‘offered..time") and the second (‘celebrated holiday’) in the series of activities that librarian Pura Belpré offered. Moreover, the semicolon after ‘time matches the semicolon used later to separate the second item (‘celebrated...holiday’) and the third (‘and...folktales') in the series. Choice A is incorrect because it fails to use appropriate punctuation to separate the first item and the second item in the complex series. Furthermore, a comma isn't needed between the noun "practice' and the prepositional phrase ‘at the time" because the prepositional phrase is essential to the full meaning of the phrase “an uncommon practice at the time." Choice C is incorrect because a comma after “time” doesn't match the semicolon used later to separate the second (‘celebrated...holiday’) and third (‘and...folktales’) items in the series, Furthermore, a comma isn't needed between the noun "practice" and the prepositional phrase “at the time" because the prepositional phrase is essential to the full meaning of the phrase “an uncommon practice at the time.” Choice D is incorrect because a comma after “time” doesn't match the semicolon used later to separate the second (‘celebrated...holiday’) and third (‘and...folktales') items in the series, Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 9df6da04 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense Entomologists Yash Sondhi and Samuel Fabian have tried to explain why moths fly erratically around light sources at night. Knowing that flying insects keep their backs pointed toward sunlight during the day, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? the researchers theorize that moths, mistaking nighttime lights for the Sun, continually try to reorient their bodies while A. flying near such lights. the researchers’ theory is that moths mistake nighttime lights for the Sun, continually trying to reorient their bodies while B. flying near such lights. moths mistake nighttime lights for the Sun and continually try to reorient their bodies while flying near such lights, the C. researchers theorize. moths continually try to reorient their bodies while flying near nighttime lights, the researchers theorize, mistaking such D. lights for the Sun. Re Une Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-modifier placement. This choice makes the noun phrase “the researchers’ the subject of the sentence and places it immediately after the modifying phrase "knowing..day” In doing 0, this choice clearly establishes that the researchers—and not another noun in the sentence—know that flying insects keep their backs pointed toward sunlight during the day. Choice B is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun phrase "the researchers’ theory" immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that the researchers’ theory knows that flying insects keep their backs pointed toward sunlight during the day. Choice C is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun "moths" immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that moths know that flying insects keep their backs pointed toward sunlight during the day. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun “moths” immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that moths know that flying insects keep their backs pointed toward sunlight during the day. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID ae439895 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense DCL In her 1983 book The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild first explored at length her conception of a “sociology of emotions"—the idea that the various cultural and ideological frameworks a person has internalized (class, gender, political affiliation, etc.) each emotional reaction that person has within a situation, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A.underlies B. is underlying ©. underlie D. has been underlying PACED erg Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-verb agreement. The plural verb “underlie” agrees in number with the plural subject “frameworks” Choice A is incorrect because the singular verb "underlies’ doesn't agree in number with the plural subject "frameworks." Choice B is incorrect because the singular verb ‘is underlying’ doesn't agree in number with the plural subject “frameworks.” Choice D is incorrect because the singular verb "has been underlying’ doesn't agree in number with the plural subject “frameworks.” Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 0864217 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense PRY yard Rabinal Ach‘is a precolonial Maya dance drama performed annually in Rabinal, a town in the Guatemalan highlands. Based on events that occurred when Rabinal was a city-state ruled by a king, had once been an ally of the king but was later captured while leading an invading force against him Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A. Rabinal Achitells the story of Kiche’ Achi, a military leader who B, Kiche’ Achi, the military leader in the story of Rabinal Achi, C. the military leader whose story is told in Rabinal Achi, K’iche’ Achi, D. there was a military leader, K'iche’ Achi, who in Rabinal Achi Daya PaO Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The modifier "Based on events..by a king” is describing the drama “Rabinal Achi.” Modifiers need to be next to the subjects they describe, so “Rabinal Achf" needs to be the first word after the comma, Choice B is incorrect. This doesn't complete the text in a way that conforms to the conventions of Standard English. The modifier “Based on events..by a king." is describing the drama "Rabinal Achi.” Modifiers need to be next to the subjects they describe, so "Rabinal Ach" needs to be the first word after the comma. Choice C is incorrect. This doesn't complete the text in a way that conforms to the conventions of Standard English. The modifier “Based on events..by a king” is describing the drama "Rabinal Ach” Modifiers need to be next to the subjects they describe, so “Rabinal Ach” needs to be the first word after the comma. Choice D is incorrect. This doesn't complete the text in a way that conforms to the conventions of Standard English. The modifier “Based on events..by a king,’ is describing the drama “Rabinal Achi.” Modifiers need to be next to the subjects they describe, so “Rabinal Achi” needs to be the first word after the comma Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID c91ef0fO Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense ID: c91ef0f0 During the American Civil War, Thomas Morris Chester braved the front lines as a war correspondent for the Philadelphia Press. Amplifying the voices and experiences of Black soldiers of particular importance to Chester, who later became an activist and lawyer during the postwar Reconstruction period. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A.were B. have been C.are D. was PCC WoC Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-verb agreement. The singular verb 'was" agrees in number with the singular subject 'amplifying.” Gerunds such as “amplifying” are always singular. Choice A is incorrect because the plural verb "were" doesn't agree in number with the singular subject “amplifying.” Choice B is incorrect because the plural verb "have been’ doesn't agree in number with the singular subject “amplifying.” Choice C is incorrect because the plural verb ‘are” doesn't agree in number with the singular subject "amplifying." Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 9c3630b9 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi PTL KLO Using natural debris, such as dried such as plastic bags; and more traditional art supplies, such as tree glue, Ghanaian artist Ed Franklin Gavua creates his striking Yillikakaii African masks, which he hopes can help viewers rethink how waste is used in their communities, Standard English | Boundaries Conventions ann Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. leaves, man-made trash: B. leaves; man-made trash, C. leaves, man-made trash, D. leaves; man-made trash; Dec UC Correct Answer: B Rationale Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is the punctuation of elements in a complex series. t's, conventional to use a semicolon to separate items in a complex series with internal punctuation, and in this choice, the semicolon after "leaves" is conventionally used to separate the first item (‘natural debris, such as dried leaves’) and the second item (‘man-made trash, such as plastic bags’) in the series of materials used by Gavua. Further, the comma after ‘trash’ correctly separates the noun phrase "man-made tras! that describes it. from the supplementary phrase (‘such as plastic bags" Choice A is incorrect because a comma after “leaves” doesn't match the semicolon used later to separate the second and third items in the series ("man-made...bags" and "and...glue"). Additionally, i's not conventional to use a colon in this way to separate a supplementary phrase (‘such as plastic bags’) from the noun phrase it modifies (‘man-made trash’). Choice C is incorrect because a comma after "leaves’ doesn't match the semicolon used later to separate the second and third items in the series ("man-made...bags" and "and...glue"). Choice D is incorrect because it’s not conventional to use a semicolon in this way to separate a supplementary phrase (‘such as plastic bags’) from the noun phrase it modifies (‘man-made trash’) Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 3a2d77d7 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions DELVE In the 1950s, novel audio technologies allowed the addition of another instrument to jazz and swing relatively quiet instrument, its full range of sound was finally audible alongside the blaring brass instruments of the time, allowing flautists like Bennie Maupin and Bobbi Humphrey to perform with other jazz greats. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. music, the flute, a B, music, The flute, a C. music; the flute, a D. music: the flute. A PREY Pg Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of punctuation within and between sentences. In this choice, the colon correctly introduces the name of the instrument (the flute) that novel audio technologies allowed to be added to jazz and swing. In addition, the period is used to correctly mark the boundary between one sentence (‘In..flute’) and another (‘A relatively..greats’) Choice A is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. A comma can't be used in this way to join two main clauses ("In. quiet instrument" and ‘its..greats’). Choice B is incorrect. In standard English, i's unconventional to form a sentence in this way with two uncoordinated subjects (‘the flute” and ‘ts full range of sound’), and the lack of a clear main subject results in an awkwardly constructed and confusing sentence. Choice C is incorrect. In standard English, i's unconventional to form an independent clause in this way with two uncoordinated subjects ("the flute” and ‘its full range of sound"), and the lack of a clear main subject results in an awkwardly constructed and confusing clause Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 435809d8 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions DRE LL Ly On March 23, 2021, a gust of wind wreaked havoc on global trade. Ever Given, an international shipping container vessel, became lodged in Egypt's Suez Canal, a major shipping route between Europe and Asia, The vessel took six days to. its as heavy as two thousand blue whales when fully loaded. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A dislodge in part due to its sheer size, B. dislodge, in part due to its sheer size: C. dislodge, in part due to its sheer size, D. dislodge, in part, due to its sheer size DEKE Uc Correct Answer: B Rationale Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation between main clauses and a supplementary element. This choice correctly uses a comma to mark the boundary between the main clause ("The vessel took six days to dislodge’) and the supplementary element (‘in part due to its sheer size’) that provides additional information on why the vessel was difficult to dislodge. Additionally, this choice correctly uses a colon to introduce another main clause that describes the vessel's size (‘its as heavy as two thousand blue whales when fully loaded’. Choice A is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. A comma can't be used in this way to mark the boundary between two main clauses ("The vessel..size" and “i's..loaded"). Additionally it fails to mark the boundary between the main clause (‘The vessel took six days to dislodge’) and the supplementary element (‘in part due to its sheer size’). Choice Cis incorrect because it results in a comma splice. A comma can't be used in this way to mark the boundary between two main clauses (‘The vessel..size” and i's..loaded’). Choice D is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The two main clauses (’The vessel..size" and "i's...oaded") are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID ea0aa676 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, nnn Conventions and Sense DCE In the 1970s, Janaki Ammal, a prominent botanist, emerged as a powerful voice in India’s environmental conservation movement. Her exhaustive chromosomal survey of plants in Silent Valley, a pristine tropical forest in Kerala, India, that is, home to nearly 1,000 species of native flora (many of which are endangered), instrumental in the government's decision to preserve the forest Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? Aare B. were C. have been D. was ID: ea0aa676 Answer Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The subject "survey" is singular, and so is the verb "was." Choice A is incorrect. The subject “survey” is singular, but the verb ‘are’ is plural. Choice B is incorrect. The subject “survey” is ‘singular, but the verb "were" is plural. Choice C is incorrect. The subject ‘survey’ is singular, but the verb "have been’ is plural Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 83898524 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions DREKE LLL aS In addition to advocating for South America's independence in two political treatises, the Cartagena Manifesto and the Letter from Jamaica, Simén Bolivar personally led armies against the Spanish, liberating three South American territories—New Granada (present-day Colombia and Panama), Venezuela, and Quito (present-day ___from colonial rule. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A. Ecuador) B, Ecuador) C. Ecuador), D. Ecuador)— ID: 83898524 Answer Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is the punctuation of a supplementary element within a sentence. ‘The dash after “Ecuador” and the closing parenthesis pairs with the dash after “territories” to separate the supplementary element (‘New..Ecuador’) from the rest of the sentence. The supplementary element specifies the three South American territories that Simén Bolivar liberated, and the pair of dashes indicates that this element could be removed without affecting the grammatical coherence of the sentence, Choice A is incorrect because it fails to use appropriate punctuation to separate the supplementary element from the rest of the sentence. Furthermore, punctuation isn’t needed between “Ecuador” and the closing parenthesis. Choice B is incorrect because it fails to use appropriate punctuation to separate the supplementary element from the rest of the sentence. Choice Cis incorrect because a comma can't be paired with a dash to separate the supplementary element from the rest of the sentence. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID fba5d8d1 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions PRC In a 2016 study, Eastern Washington University psychologist Amani EFAlayli found that, among the study participants who experienced frisson (a physiological response akin to goosebumps or getting the chills) while listening to music, there was ‘one personality trait that they scored particularly openness to experience Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A high. On B. high on; C. high on D. high on: DCM Urs Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation use between a main clause and a supplementary phrase. In this choice, a colon is correctly used to mark the boundary between the main clause (‘there...on’) and the supplementary phrase (‘openness to experience’) and to introduce the information that identifies which personality trait participants scored especially high on. Choice A is incorrect because it results in a rhetorically unacceptable sentence fragment beginning with ‘on’ and separates a necessary preposition from the clause beginning with “there.” Choice B is incorrect because a semicolon can't be used in this, way to join the main clause ('there...on’) and the supplementary phrase (‘openness to experience’). A semicolon is conventionally used to join two main clauses, whereas a colon is conventionally used to introduce an element that explains ‘or amplifies the information in the preceding clause, making the colon the better choice in this context. Choice C is incorrect because it fails to mark the boundary between the main clause (‘there...on’) and the supplementary phrase (‘openness to experience’), Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID dc645172 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, nnn Conventions and Sense Der CLE Ly ‘The artistic talents of Barbara Chase-Riboud, most known for her 1979 historical novel Sally Hemings and the conversation it, inspired, limited to the realm of prose: she first excelled in sculpture, where her affinity for bronze—a material she described as “timeless” due to its use across eras and cultures—became part of her artistic identity. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A.hasn't been B. wasn't C.isn't D. aren't De OE Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The subject "talents" is plural, and so is the verb ‘aren't’ ‘the artistic talents...aren‘t limited.” Choice A is incorrect. The subject ‘talents' is plural, but the verb “hasn't been’ is singular. Choice B is incorrect. The subject “talents” is plural, but the verb ‘wasn't’ is singular. Choice C is incorrect. The subject "talents" is plural, but the verb “isn't” is singular. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 1a61e2ae Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense DARE Tre Td English poet and Shakespeare contemporary John Donne's, much admired during his lifetime (1572-1631) and in the decades that followed, had, at the time of their enthusiastic rediscovery by the early twentieth-century modernists, been essentially gathering dust for the intervening 250 years. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A. works were B, works, were C. works, D. works had been DELO Ung Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of punctuation and verb forms within a sentence. This choice leaves the verb "admired! in its nonfinite past participle form to function within a supplementary element (‘much. followed’). Offset by commas after "works" and "followed; this supplementary element interrupts the main clause (‘English poet and Shakespeare contemporary John Donne's works...had..been essentially gathering dust...) with additional information about the works’ reception during Donne's lifetime. Choice A is incorrect because it fails to offset the supplementary element ("much..followed’) with appropriate punctuation, and using the finite verb "were much admired! results in an ungrammatical sentence. Choice B is incorrect because using the finite verb "were much admired” results in an ungrammatical sentence. Choice D is incorrect because it fails to offset the supplementary element (‘much...followed’) with appropriate punctuation, and using the finite verb "had been much admired” results in an ungrammatical sentence. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID e76e74e8 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi TLC Over twenty years ago, in a landmark experiment in the psychology of choice, professor Sheena lyengar set up a jam-tasting booth at a grocery store, The number of jams available for tasting some shoppers had twenty-four different options, others only six. Interestingly, the shoppers with fewer jams to choose from purchased more jam Standard English | Boundaries Conventions ann Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. varied: B. varied, C. varied, while D. varied while PROCES Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of a colon within a sentence. In this choice, the colon is used in a conventional way to introduce the following description of how the number of jams available varied. Choice B is incorrect because it creates a comma splice. A comma can't be used in this way to join two main clauses ("the number..varied” and “some..six’). Choice C is incorrect because it results in an illogical and confusing sentence. Using the conjunction “while” to join the main clause (‘the number...varied’) with the following clause's description of the number of jams available suggests that the variation in the number of jams is in contrast to some shoppers having twenty-four options. Choice D is incorrect because it results in an illogical and confusing sentence. Using "while" in this way suggests that the number of jams available varied during the time in which some shoppers had twenty-four options and others had six. The sentence makes clear, however, that what follows “varied” is a description of the variation, not a separate, simultaneous occurrence. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID d2b81427 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense DRA Yad In assessing the films of Japanese director Akira Kurosawa, attistic traditions such as Noh theater. have missed his equally deep engagement with Japanese Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A. many critics have focused on Kurosawa's use of Western literary sources but B. Kurosawa's use of Western literary sources has been the focus of many critics, who C. there are many critics who have focused on Kurosawa's use of Western literary sources, but they D. the focus of many critics has been on Kurosawa's use of Westem literary sources; they DECAY Ug Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-modifier placement. This choice makes the noun phrase “many critics” the subject of the sentence and places it immediately after the modifying phrase “in assessing..Kurosawa.” In doing so, this choice clearly establishes that itis the critics—and not another noun in the sentence—who assess Kurosawa’s, films. Choice B is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun phrase “Kurosawa's..sources” immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that his use of Western literary sources is what assesses Kurosawa's films. Choice C is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the function word “there” immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that “there” is what assesses Kurosawa’ films. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun phrase “the focus..critics” immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that the critics’ focus is what assesses Kurosawa’s films. Que: ion Difficulty: HardQuestion ID a9e5b788 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions DEL} In discussing Mary Shelley's 1818 epistolary novel Frankenstein, literary theorist Gayatri Spivak directs the reader's attention to the character of Margaret Saville. As Spivak points out, Saville is not the protagonist of Shelley's as the recipient of the letters that frame the book's narrative, she's the “occasion of it Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A novel B, novel, C. novel; rather, D. novel, rather, PRC ECE USTs Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is the coordination of main clauses within a sentence. This choice correctly uses a semicolon to join a main clause ("Saville...novel”) and a second main clause (‘she's..it") preceded by supplementary elements ("rather...narrative”). Choice A is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The two main clauses are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction. Choice B is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Without a conjunction following it, a comma can't be used in this way to join two main clauses. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Without a conjunction following it, the comma after "novel" can't be used in this way to join the two main clauses. Que: n Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 512f0ac9 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense RPA) Working from an earlier discovery of Charpentier’s, chemists Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna—winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry—re-created and then reprogrammed the so-called “genetic scissors” of a species of DNA- cleaving bacteria a tool that is revolutionizing the field of gene technology. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A.to forge B. forging C. forged D. and forging DS e Uni Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of finite and nonfinite verb forms within a sentence. The nonfinite to-infinitive “to forge” is correctly used to form a nonfinite (infinitive) clause that explains why the chemists re~ created and reprogrammed the DNA-cleaving bacteria, Choice B is incorrect. Without a comma separating the main clause (‘chemists...bacteria’) from the participle “forging” this choice illogically suggests that the bacteria are forging a tool, which doesn't make sense. Choice Cis incorrect. Without a ‘coordinating conjunction such as “and” placed before it, the finite past tense verb “forged” can't be used in this way to describe the chemists’ actions. Choice D is incorrect. If read as a finite verb, the present progressive verb “forging” isn’t consistent with the past tense verbs used in this sentence to describe the actions of the chemists. If read as a nonfinite verb, the participle “forging” can't be used in this way because there is no following main clause for it to modity. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID aab74a3b Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions Researcher Lin Zhi developed a process for increasing the tensile strength-measured in gigapascals, or GPa—of silkworm dissolving and reweaving the silk in a solution of iron metal ions, zine, and sugar, Zhi increased the amount of force required to stretch it from approximately 0.5 GPa to 2 GPa Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A.silk, by B. silk by C. silk and by D. silk. By PREC Oe EUs Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The independent clauses ‘researcher Lin Zhi..silk” and "by dissolving...2 GPa can be ‘grammatically separated by a period. They can stand alone as sentences, and this is the only choice that lets them do that. Choice A is incorrect, This choice results in a grammar error called a comma splice. "Researcher Lin Zhi..silk” and "by dissolving..2 GPa" are both independent clauses. They need to either be separated with punctuation like a period or a semicolon, or they need to be connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction like "and A comma alone isn’t ‘enough. Choice B is incorrect. This choice results in a grammar error called a run-on sentence. "Researcher Lin Zhi..silk” and “by dissolving..2 GPa’ are both independent clauses. They need to either be separated with punctuation like a period or a semicolon, or they need to be connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction like "and" Choice Cis incorrect. This choice results in a grammar error called a run-on sentence. ‘Researcher Lin Zhi..silk” and ‘by dissolving...2 GPa’ are both independent clauses. The coordinating conjunction “and” isn't enough to link them by itself, We need a comma, too. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 6ea8c23f Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi DACTTex In 2018, a team of researchers led by Dr. Caitlin Whalen compiled every available measurement of ocean mixing rates from. the past two decades. With this novel data set, the team was able to determine how current-driven mixing varies across ‘and what impact it has on the distribution of heat and nutrients in the ocean, Standard English | Boundaries Conventions ann Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. regions, B. regions: ©. regions; D. regions PAK US Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation between coordinates in a sentence. The two elements "how...regions’ and “what...ocean" work together as coordinates to complete the description of what the team was able to determine. Because there are only two coordinates in this case (as opposed to a series of three or more), no punctuation is needed between them. Choice A is incorrect because no punctuation is needed between the coordinates "how...regions” and "what..ocean.” Choice Bis incorrect because no punctuation is needed between the coordinates “how..regions* and “what..ocean." Choice C is incorrect because no punctuation is needed between the coordinates ‘how..regions" and ‘what...ocean, Que: n Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 6e071432 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions ID: 6071432 In 1986, conceptual artist Sophie Calle asked twenty-three people, all of whom had been born without sight, to describe “their image of beauty” in rich detail. Calle paired excerpts of these conversations with photographs—both of interviewees and the items they to powerful effect in her exhibition The Blind. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A. described, from hair to grass to sculptures B, described, from hair to grass to sculptures— C. described—from hair to grass to sculptures, D. described: from hair to grass to sculptures DA CUAL eye Ue Correct Answer: B Rationale Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is the punctuation of supplementary elements within a sentence. ‘The comma after "described" separates the first supplementary element (‘both of interviewees and the items they described’) from the second supplementary element ("from hair to grass to sculptures"). Furthermore, the dash after "sculptures" pairs with the dash after “photographs” to separate these two supplementary elements from the rest of the sentence. The pair of dashes, which operate at a higher organizing level than the comma, indicates that the elements between the dashes function together—in this case, the second supplement (from...sculptures") describes the range of items mentioned in the first supplement—and could be removed without affecting the grammatical coherence of the sentence. Choice A is incorrect because it fails to appropriately punctuate the supplementary elements in the sentence. A dash is needed after “sculptures” to separate the supplementary elements ("both..sculptures’) from the rest of the sentence, Choice Cis incorrect because it fails to appropriately punctuate the supplementary elements in the sentence. The two supplementary elements "both..described’ and "from...sculptures’ function together to describe the photographs, and placing a dash between them would make this relationship less clear, suggesting that the supplement ‘both...described" is a standalone element that could be removed without affecting the grammatical coherence of the sentence, which isn’t the case. Choice D is incorrect because it fails to appropriately punctuate the supplementary elements in the sentence. A colon isn't conventionally used in this way to separate a supplementary element ("from hair to grass to sculptures") from the noun phrase it is modifying ("items they described"). Additionally, a dash is needed after “sculptures' to separate the supplementary elements (‘both..sculptures’) from the rest of the sentence. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 886dc9f9 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions DRE ie) On July 23, 1854, a clipper ship called the Flying Cloud entered San Francisco left New York Harbor under the uidance of Captain Josiah Perkins Creesy and his wife, navigator Eleanor Creesy, a mere 89 days and 8 hours earlier, the celebrated ship set a record that would stand for 135 years. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. Bay and having B. Bay. Having C. Bay, having D. Bay having PRES Une Correct Answer: B Rationale Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation use between sentences. In this choice, the period after "Bay’ is used correctly to mark the boundary between one sentence ("On...Bay") and another sentence that begins with a supplementary phrase (‘Having..years’). Here, the supplementary phrase beginning with "having" modifies the subject of the second sentence, “the celebrated ship.” Choice A is incorrect. Without a comma preceding it, the conjunction “and” can't be used in this way to join sentences. Choice C is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. A comma can't be used in this way to join two sentences. Choice Dis incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The sentences (‘On..Bay" and "having..years”) are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 59a246dc Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Standard English Boundaries Conventions nnn DT OL TC When external forces are applied to common glass made from silicates, energy builds up around minuscule defects in the material, resulting in fractures. Recently, engineer Erkka Frankberg of Tampere University in Finland used the chemical to make a glassy solid that can withstand higher strain than silicate glass can before fracturing Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. compound, aluminum oxide B. compound aluminum oxide, C. compound, aluminum oxide, D. compound aluminum oxide DEEZ eS Tg Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of punctuation around noun phrases. No punctuation is needed because the noun phrase “aluminum oxide" is a restrictive appositive, meaning that it provides essential identifying information about the noun phrase before it, “the chemical compound,” and thus doesn't require punctuation around it Choice A is incorrect because no punctuation is needed. Choice B is incorrect because no punctuation is needed. Choice C is incorrect because the noun phrase “aluminum oxide" is a restrictive appositive. Setting the phrase off with punctuation suggests that it could be removed without affecting the coherence of the sentence, which isr't the case. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 73a6603c Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions DEL TIUKLS On sunny days, dark rooftops absorb solar energy and convert it to unwanted heat, raising the surrounding air allight- colored covering to an existing dark roof, either by attaching prefabricated reflective sheets or spraying on a paint-like coating, helps combat this effect Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A. temperature; by adding B. temperature, adding C. temperature. Adding D. temperature by adding ID: 73a6603c Answer Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation use between sentences. In this choice, the period is used correctly to mark the boundary between the first sentence ("On..temperature") and the second sentence (“Adding. effect’), The gerund phrase beginning with “adding” is the subject of the second sentence, and the verb phrase "helps combat this effect” describes what adding a light-colored covering can do. Choice A is incorrect because a semicolon can't be used in this way to join the sentence “On...temperature” and the supplementary phrases that follow. Doing so leaves the verb phrase “helps combat" without a subject and thus results in a grammatically unconventional sentence. Choice B is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. A comma can't be used inthis way to mark the boundary between sentences. Choice D is incorrect. This choice results in a confusing and illogical sentence that suggests that adding a light-colored covering to an existing dark roof raises the temperature of the ‘surrounding air. Furthermore, it creates ambiguity by leaving the verb phrase “helps combat” without a subject (so it isn’t cleat what helps combat the effect). Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 3bceeb93 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense DRED Td When they were first discovered in Australia in 1798, duck-billed, beaver-tailed platypuses so defied categorization that one scientist assigned them the name Omithorhynchus paradoxus: “paradoxical bird-snout” The animal, which lays eggs but also nurses: young with milk, has since been classified as belonging to the monotremes group. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. they're B, their cits D.it’s PROCES Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The singular possessive pronoun "its" agrees with the singular antecedent "the animal" and indicates that the "young" belong to it. Choice A is incorrect. This choice creates a pronoun-antecedent agreement error. "They're" is a contraction of “they are,” a plural pronoun and verb, but the antecedent ‘the animal" is singular. Also, we don't need the extra verb "are" — we already have a main verb in this clause, so adding re" would be confusing and ungrammatical. Choice 8 is incorrect. This choice creates a pronour-antecedent agreement error. "Their" is a plural pronoun, but the subject of the sentence is “the animal, a singular noun, Choice D is incorrect, This choice creates a confusing and ungrammatical sentence. “It’s" is a contraction for “itis” We already have the verb “nurses in this clause, so we shouldn't add the verb "is." Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 6fac7f45 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions Petr Cy} Butterfly is a 1988 painting by the Japanese artist Ay-O. Like many of Ay-0's paintings, Butterfly, which portrays a swimmer performing the butterfly stroke, attempts to make use of the entire visual light sporting rainbow-striped goggles, the rainbow-hued swimmer splashes through a wavy rainbow of water. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A spectrum B. spectrum: C. spectrum while D. spectrum, while ID: 6fac7f45 Answer Correct Answer: B Rationale Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of a colon within a sentence. In this choice, the colon correctly introduces the following description of how the painting makes use of the entire visual light spectrum by depicting a rainbow-hued swimmer. Choice A is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The main clauses (‘Like..spectrum’ and “sporting...water’) are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction. Choice C is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The main clauses (‘Like..spectrum’ and ‘while...water’) are fused without punctuation. Furthermore, the conjunction “while” fails to indicate that what follows is a description of how the painting makes use of the entire visual light spectrum. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a logically confusing sentence. The conjunction "while,” which suggests that what follows is, ‘occurring at the same time as or despite what came before, fails to indicate that what follows is a description of how the painting makes use of the entire visual light spectrum. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 2c9c6ca9 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Deere) The term “retroflex” derives from Latin and means "bent back; an apt descriptor for the branch of consonants—retroflex consonants—pronounced with the tongue curling up and back in the mouth. In many languages, including English, these consonants are are relatively Standard English | Boundaries Conventions ann in some dialects of Mandarin, however, four such consonants (‘chy “sh;' "zh," and" ‘common. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? Avrare and B. rare, C.rare D. rare; Deere Gg Correct Answer: D Rationale Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of punctuation within a sentence. This choice uses a semicolon in a conventional way to join the first main clause ("In many...rare’) and the second main clause (‘in some. common’) in this sentence. Choice A is incorrect. Joining the first main clause ("In many...rare") and the second main clause (‘in some...common’) with the conjunction “and” conflicts with the use of "however" later in the sentence, resulting in a confusing and illogical sentence. Choice B is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Without a conjunction following it, a comma can't be used in this way to join two main clauses. Choice Cis incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The two main clauses are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction. Que: ion Difficulty: HardQuestion ID dab8b8ee Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense Known as Earth's “living skin," biocrusts are thin layers of soil held together by surface-dwelling microorganisms such as fungi lichens, and cyanobacteria. Fortifying soil in arid ecosystems against erosion, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A.a recent study's estimate is that these crusts reduce global dust emissions by 60 percent each year. B. an estimated 60 percent reduction in global dust emissions each year is due to these crusts, according to a recent study. C. these crusts reduce global dust emissions by an estimated 60 percent each year, according to a recent study. D. a recent study has estimated that these crusts reduce global dust emissions by 60 percent each year. Pee COP Ung Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The subject of the modifier “fortifying soil in arid ecosystems against erosion’ is "biocrusts.” ‘Subject-modifier placement requires a modifier and its subject to be next to each other, so “biocrusts" or some variant meaning "biocrusts" (in this case, "these crusts") must begin the missing clause. Choice A is incorrect. Modifiers and their subjects must go next to each other. The subject of the modifier “fortifying soil in arid ecosystems against erosion’ is "biocrusts,’ not "a recent study's estimate” Choice B is incorrect. Modifiers and their subjects must go next to each other. The subject of the modifier ‘fortifying soil in arid ecosystems against erosion’ is “biocrusts,” not ‘an estimated 60 percent reduction. Choice D is incorrect. Modifiers and their subjects must go next to each other. The subject of the modifier “fortifying soil in arid ecosystems against erosion’ is "biocrusts,” not ‘a recent study.” Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID cO6af4d8 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Boundaries ttl Conventions Sociologist Alton Okinaka sits on the review board tasked with adding new sites to the Hawai'i Register of Historic Places, which includes Prilanihale Heiau and the ‘Opaeka’a Road Bridge. Okinaka doesn't make such decisions all historical designations must be approved by a group of nine other experts from the fields of architecture, archaeology, history, and Hawaiian culture. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. single-handedly, however, B, singlehandedly; however, C. single-handedly, however, D. single-handedly however Prec Ug Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is the punctuation of a supplementary word or phrase between two main clauses. This choice correctly uses a comma to separate the supplementary adverb "however" from the preceding main clause ("Okinaka doesn't..single-handedly’) and a semicolon to join the next main clause ("all..culture’) to the rest of the sentence. Further, placing the semicolon after "however" correctly indicates that the information in the preceding main clause (Okinaka doesn't make such decisions single-handedly) is contrary to what might be assumed from the information in the previous sentence (Okinaka sits on the review board that adds new sites to the Hawaii Register of Historic Places) Choice B is incorrect because placing the semicolon after “single-handedly” and the comma after “however' illogically indicates that the information in the next main clause (all historical designations must be approved by a group of experts) is contrary to the information in the previous clause (Okinaka doesn’t make such decisions single-handedly). Choice C is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Commas can't be used in this way to punctuate a supplementary word or phrase between two main clauses. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The two main clauses are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID e9aee0d8 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Dar) On November 2, 1772, amid rising tensions with Great Britain, Boston colonists formed the Boston Committee of Correspondence. By 1774, what had started as a local means of mobilizing support for the Patriot cause had grown into something far more network of such committees that, facilitating communication among the colonies, helped lay the ‘groundwork for the Continental Congress. Standard English | Boundaries Conventions ann Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? Acextensive: a B. extensive; a C. extensive, it was a D. extensive. A Pa eur Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of a colon within a sentence. In this choice, the colon is correctly used to introduce the following explanation of what the Patriot cause had grown into by 1774. Choice B is incorrect because a semicolon can't be used in this way to join the main clause ("what..extensive’) and the supplementary element (‘a network..Congress’). A semicolon is conventionally used to join two main clauses, whereas a colon is conventionally used to introduce an element that explains or amplifies the information in the preceding clause, making the colon the better choice in this context. Choice C is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. The addition of the pronoun and verb “it was" forms the start of a new main clause in the sentence, and a comma can't be used in this way to mark the boundary between two main clauses. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a rhetorically unacceptable sentence fragment beginning with "a network. Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID 9579581e Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi PETA ‘As cheesemaking practices spread throughout Europe and Asia during and after the Neolithic, divergent strategies for preserving milk whereas rennet-coagulated cheesemaking became key to milk preservation in Europe and Southwest Asia, acid-heat coagulation methods became common among nomadic herding populations of the northeastern Eurasian steppe. Standard English | Boundaries Conventions ann Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A.emerged B. emerged and ©. emerged: D. emerged, PRE Ce Ue Correct Answer: C Rationale Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation use within a sentence. A colon can be used between two main clauses to signal that what follows is an elaboration of what came before. In this choice, the colon correctly introduces the following explanation of the divergent milk preservation strategies that emerged Choice A is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The main clause (‘As..emerged’) and the subordinate clause followed by another main clause ("whereas...steppe’) are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction. Choice B is incorrect. Without a comma preceding it, the conjunction ‘and’ can't be used in this way to join a main clause (‘As emerged") and a subordinate clause followed by another main clause (‘whereas...steppe’). Choice D is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. A comma can't be used in this way to join a main clause (‘As..emerged") and a subordinate clause followed by another main clause (‘whereas...steppe’), Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID a75d5984 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Wi Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense DRYET try Several advantages—the ability to react strongly with chip components, to avoid interference from other waves, and to be confined within tiny circuits—__ acoustic waves as a promising alternative to electrical waves for transmitting data on computer chips; as a result, researchers are invested in developing more acoustic wave~based chips. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. have positioned B. positioning C. by positioning D. having positioned PREY AT ECP Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of verb forms within a sentence. A main clause requires a finite (tensed) verb to perform the action of the subject. In this case, the subject is "several advantages,’ and the present perfect tense verb "have positioned” supplies the finite verb to indicate what has made acoustic waves a promising alternative to electrical waves. Choice B is incorrect because it results in an ungrammatical sentence. The nonfinite participle “positioning” doesn't supply the main clause with a finite verb. Choice C is incorrect because it results in an ungrammatical sentence. The prepositional phrase “by positioning’ doesn't supply the main clause with a finite verb. Choice D is incorrect because it results in an ungrammatical sentence. The nonfinite participle "having positioned" doesn't supply the main clause with a finite verb. Que: n Difficulty: HardQuestion ID Ofe5ce68 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense Dr) Ten of William Shakespeare's plays are classified as histories. Although each one of these plays, which include Henry V and Richard I, on a single historical figure (specifically, an English king), some, such as Henry VI Part One and Henry VI Part Two, feature different episodes from the same monarciis life Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A. focuses B. focus C. are focused D. were focused Pe Ug Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-verb agreement. The singular verb 'focuses” agrees in number with the singular subject "each one of these plays” which refers to each play individually. Choice B is incorrect because the plural verb "focus" doesn't agree in number with the singular subject "each one of these plays.” Choice C is incorrect because the plural verb ‘are focused” doesn't agree in number with the singular subject "each one of these plays.” Choice D is incorrect because the plural verb ‘were focused” doesn't agree in number with the singular subject “each one of these plays.” Question Difficulty: HardQuestion ID b369d54c Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing | Standard English Form, Structure, ttl Conventions and Sense PASTE Woven from recycled yar and hand tufted using a carpet weaving technique passed down by the artist's Turkish grandmother, so lush and tactilely inviting that you are tempted to reach out and touch them, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘A. the topological tapestries of Argentine textile artist Alexandra Kehayoglou are B, the Argentine textile artist Alexandra Kehayoglou creates topological tapestries that are C. when she creates her topological tapestries, Argentine textile artist Alexandra Kehayoglou makes them D. Alexandra Kehayoglou is an Argentine textile artist whose topological tapestries are DA Le eu g Correct Answer: A Rationale Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-modifier placement. This choice makes the noun phrase “topological tapestries’ the subject of the sentence and places it immediately after the modifying phrase "woven, grandmother.” In doing so, this choice clearly establishes that the topological tapestries—and not another noun in the sentence—are being described as woven from recycled yarn and hand tufted. Choice 8 is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun phrase "Argentine textile artist ‘Alexandra Kehayoglou" immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that Kehayoglou is woven from recycled yarn and hand tufted. Choice C is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the pronoun “she” and the noun phrase "Argentine textile artist Alexandra Kehayoglou' after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that Kehayoglou is woven from recycled yarn and hand tufted. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun “Alexandra Kehayoglou’ immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that Kehayoglou is woven from recycled yarn and hand tufted. Question Difficulty: Hard