Here are the answers to the biology practice questions for Class X:
1. Name the process by which green plants prepare their own food.
Photosynthesis
2. Which part of the alimentary canal receives bile from the liver?
Small intestine (duodenum)
3. Name the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart.
Pulmonary vein
4. What is the basic unit of kidney?
Nephron
5. Name the opening through which CO₂ exits from a leaf.
Stomata
6. Differentiate between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
Autotrophic nutrition: Plants make their own food using sunlight, water, and
CO₂.
Heterotrophic nutrition: Animals and humans depend on others for food.
7. Write the role of the following in human digestion:
(a) Pepsin: Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
(b) Villi: Increases surface area for absorption of nutrients.
8. Give two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration: Occurs in presence of oxygen, produces more energy.
Anaerobic respiration: Occurs in absence of oxygen, produces less energy.
9. Draw a neat labelled diagram of human heart showing major arteries and veins.
(I'll provide a description instead of a diagram)
The heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and
left ventricle. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs,
while the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium. The aorta
carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
10. Explain the mechanism of breathing in humans with reference to inhalation
and exhalation.
Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts, rib cage moves up and out, air enters lungs.
Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes, rib cage moves down and in, air leaves lungs.
11. State the function of xylem and phloem. Describe how transportation of food
occurs in plants.
Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.
Phloem: Transports food (glucose) from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Transportation of food occurs through the phloem, where glucose is loaded into
sieve tubes and transported to other parts of the plant.
12. Explain why plants have low energy needs compared to animals.
Plants make their own food through photosynthesis and don't need to move or
perform complex activities, resulting in lower energy needs.
13. Describe the process of photosynthesis with the help of a neat diagram.
(I'll provide a description instead of a diagram)
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, where light energy is absorbed and
converted into chemical energy. Water and CO₂ are absorbed, and glucose and
oxygen are produced.
14. Explain the process of urine formation in the human excretory system
Urine formation occurs in the nephrons, where waste products are filtered from
the blood and concentrated to form urine.
15. Name the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
Neuron
16. Which plant hormone is responsible for cell elongation in stems?
Auxin
17. Name the part of the brain responsible for maintaining posture and balance.
Cerebellum
18. Differentiate between tropic and nastic movements in plants with examples.
Tropic movements: Growth responses towards or away from stimuli (e.g.,
phototropism).
Nastic movements: Non-directional responses to stimuli (e.g., touch-me-not
plant).
19. Write the functions of medulla oblongata and cerebellum in humans
Medulla oblongata: Controls involuntary actions like breathing and heart rate.
Cerebellum: Maintains posture, balance, and coordinates movements.
20. Explain the reflex action in humans with the help of a labelled diagram of
the reflex action.
(I'll provide a description instead of a diagram)
Reflex action: A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, involving the nervous
system. The reflex arc includes the sensory neuron, spinal cord, and motor
neuron, which work together to produce a response.
Let me know if you'd like me to elaborate on any of these answers or provide
further clarification!
