Electrostatics

principle of conservation of charge> the net charge of an isolated system remains constant during any physical process

principle of charge quantisation < All charges in the Universe consist of an integer multiple of the charge on one electron

coulomb's law , the magnitude of the electrostatic force exerted by one point charge (0,) on another point charge (82) is directly proportional to the

product of the magnitudes of the charges & inversely proportional to the square of the distance (v) between them

Electric field > A region of space in which an electric charge experiences a force. The direction of the electric field at a point is the direction that a positive

test charge would move if placed at that point.

Electric field strength at a point > the electrostatic force experienced per unit positive charge placed at that point

Electric circuits

Potential Difference > the energy transfered per unit electric charge flowing through it.
V =

EMF
energy provided by it
> the maximum a cell/battery per unit charge passing through

Terminal potential difference> the voltage measured across the terminals of a battery when charges are flowing in the circuit

current (strength) <the rate of flow of charge

resistance ( the ratio of the potential difference across a resistor to the current in the resistor

ohm (e) > One volt per ampere

ohm's law <the potential difference across a conductor is directly proportional to the current in the conductor at constant temperature

power <the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transfered
 mechanics

scaler <A physical quantity that can be described by a single number using its size

Vector - A physical quantity that has both magnitude & direction

resultant > The rector sum of 2 more rectors

-

or

Perpendicular vectors >

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rectors that are at right < to each other

co-linear rectors >

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rectors that act inI dimension

component of a rector >

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effect of a vector in a certain direction

components of a vector >

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vectors that together have the same effect as the original vector

net component >

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combined effect of components in a certain direction

resolve into components >

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Determine the components of a rector

Equilibrant > the force that keeps a system in equilibrium

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normal force >

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the force or the component of a force which a surface exerts on an object with which it is in contact,

and which is I to the surface

frictional force >

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the force that opposes the motion of an object 8 which acts parallel to the surface

static frictional force >

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the force that opposes the tendency of motion of a stationary object relative

to a surface

coefficient of static >

- the ratio of the maximum static friction force to the normal force
friction

Kinetic frictional force >

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the force that opposes the motion of a moving object relative to a surface

coefficient of Kinetic the ratio of the kinetic friction force

>
-
to the normal force
friction

Newtons 1st law of motion >

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A body will remain in its state of rest or motion at constant velocity unless a

non-zero resultant/net force acts on it

Inertia >
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The resistance of an object to any change in its state of motion
the Mass of an object is a quantitative measure of its inertia

Newtons 2nd law of motion >

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when a non-zero resultantnet force acts on an object the object will
,

accelerate in the direction of the force at an acceleration directly proportional

to the force & inversely proportional to the mass of the object
Newtons 3rd law of motion >
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When object A exerts a force on objectB object B simultaneously exerts an
,

oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A

Newtons law of universal

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each body in the universe attracts every other body with a force that is

gravitation
directly proportional to the product of their massess inversely proportional
to the square of the distance between their centres

mass >
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the amount of matter in a body measured in kg

weight-> the gravitational force the earth exerts on any object on or near its surface

weightlessness >
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the sensation experienced when all contact forces are removed

(no external objects touch ones body (