WELL-BEING: Journal Of Social Welfare
Journal Homepage: https://wellbeing.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index
ISSN: 2722-7960 (online)
Vol. 6, No. 1 June 2025 DOI: 10.52423/wjsw.v6i1.61 Page: 136-145
Implementation of the Sexual Harassment Prevention
Program for Students (Study at the Sexual Violence Prevention
and Handling Task Force, Halu Oleo University)
Adesvandry1)*, Syaifudin Suhri Kasim2), Amin Tunda3)
1,2,3) Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the implementation of the sexual harassment prevention program
for students carried out by the Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling Task Force at Halu
Oleo University, as well as to identify the obstacles in its implementation. This research
employed a qualitative approach with purposive sampling techniques, resulting in five
individuals being selected as research informants. Data were collected through interviews,
observations, and document studies, and were analyzed using an interactive analysis model
consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal
that the implementation of the sexual harassment prevention program for students at Halu
Oleo University has not been fully optimal. The handling of victims is still often conducted
through a familial approach, which does not entirely align with the formal mechanisms that
should be implemented by the Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling Task Force. The
main obstacles to the implementation of this program are the limited budget provided by the
university and the lack of collaboration with student organizations. These two factors
significantly affect the effectiveness of the program’s implementation. Therefore, sufficient
financial support and stronger cooperation with student organizations are needed to ensure
that the program can run more effectively in creating a safe university environment free from
sexual violence.
Keywords: Program Implementation, Sexual Harassment Prevention, Students
INTRODUCTION
The rise of sexual violence cases that have been revealed recently has made the
public anxious and wary. It can happen to a person anytime and anywhere, including
in educational institutions such as universities. Women who are often victims deserve
protection from various parties. Sexual violence is someone who commits acts both
verbally and in action without the consent of the victim and causes various losses.
These losses can be in the form of material and immaterial. explains that material
losses are tangible, tangible, and calculable losses such as money, property, and others
while immaterial losses are losses experienced by a person where the nominal value
cannot be calculated and tends to things that are invisible, it can be in the form of
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psychological problems such as disappointment, shame, trauma, anxiety, and pain
(Elizabeth and M 2022).
Sexual violence is currently a rampant thing that appears on the surface of
society, without exception in the educational environment, in this case universities,
which should be a safe and comfortable place for students to learn and carry out
activities. In addition, this discussion and problem has become a public concern
because legal protection for victims of sexual violence in universities has been issued
as regulated in Law Article 12 of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 30 of
2021 concerning the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in the Higher
Education Environment. This is a guideline for the academic community in higher
education, because it is hoped that with the issuance of these laws and regulations it
will become a protective umbrella as well as prevention of cases of sexual harassment
and violence on campus, but nevertheless cases of sexual harassment and violence still
occur in the university environment.
Higher education institutions that are supposed to be fun places to learn,
express, explore, and express opinions are now an unsafe place. Perpetrators of sexual
violence who roam the campus tarnish the image of education. Due to the many cases
of sexual violence on campus, the Minister of Education and Culture of Indonesia,
Nadiem Makarim, ratified the Regulation of the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30 concerning
prevention and handling at the university level on August 31, 2021.
Sexual harassment is basically a reality that exists in today's society that acts of
violence against women are many and often occur everywhere, as well as
violence/sexual harassment, especially rape. Violence against women is a very
inhumane act, even though women have the right to enjoy and obtain protection of
human rights and fundamental freedoms in all fields.
Crimes that are included as moral crimes, namely moral crimes related to sexual
problems, are regulated in Book III of the Criminal Code starting from Article 281 to
Article 299 as follows: crimes by violating morality, pornographic crimes,
pornographic crimes against minors, pornographic crimes in carrying out their
livelihoods, crimes of adultery, crimes of rape to have sexual intercourse, crimes of
having sex with women outside of marriage that the age of less than 15 years, the
crime of having sexual intercourse with a woman in a marriage that is not yet time to
marry and causes injuries, the crime of rape committing an obscene act or an act that
attacks the honor of morality, the crime of obscene acts on a person who faints, on a
person who is not yet 15 years old or it is not yet time to get married, the crime of
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having sex with a woman outside of marriage who is in a state of fainting, who is not
yet 15 years old, rape
In this regard, especially the institution of Halu Oleo University is one of the
universities that has a trace of cases of sexual harassment and violence committed by
a lecturer and a female student who have been victims of 3 people who were exposed
on social media. This case began when the lecturer invited students to eat at one of the
restaurants in the Kendari MTQ monument area, besides that he also gave lecture
assignments as a mode of harassing female students.
It was recorded that several cases of sexual violence occurred within the scope
of the campus at least in the span between 2019 and 2022. Several large campuses are
the locations where the case occurs, ranging from public and private universities. The
forms of sexual violence that occur include physical and verbal harassment, against
the background of elements of domination and manipulation by the perpetrator. In
Southeast Sulawesi, especially Kendari City, cases of sexual violence that are being
discussed occurred at Halu Oleo University on Monday, July 18, 2022, Friday, August
26, 2022, and Sunday, January 21, 2024. The case became a public concern because the
perpetrator was from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education where the
perpetrator was a Professor and Lecturer with the initials Prof. B and the US lecturer
who was the victim was a female student, then the sexual harassment case that
occurred at the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences involving the
perpetrator was a lecturer staff with the initials AS and the victim was a female
student.
The task force is a mandate of Permendikbud No. 30 of 2021 which reads; that
each campus has a task force that can escort. Thus, the campus can be a safe,
comfortable and also free environment from sexual violence. In addition, the Task
Force for the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence also has tasks and handling
functions consisting of procedures, a. reporting or complaints, which can be obtained
directly through social media, direct reports through the hotline, referrals from study
programs, or outreach, b. Investigation searches, finds, gathers evidence including
calling victims and perpetrators, c. review and decision-making. The programs of the
Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling Task Force of Halu Oleo University are as
follows, 1. carry out socialization activities in all faculties at Halu Oleo University ,
both for lecturers, educators, students, and residents who live around the campus
environment, 2. Carry out assistance to victims of sexual harassment cases, and 3.
Carry out education.
Based on the description above, research will be carried out which will be
outlined with the title "Implementation of the Sexual Harassment Prevention Program
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Against Students (Study at the Task Force for the Prevention and Handling of Sexual
Violence, Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence, Halu Oleo University)"
METHODS
This research was conducted at the Task Force for the Prevention and Handling
of Sexual Violence at Halu Oleo University, the selection of this location was based on
the consideration of the urgency and relevance of the role of the task force in creating
a safe, inclusive, and free campus environment from violence and sexual harassment.
As one of the largest public universities in Southeast Sulawesi, Halu Oleo University
has a very large number of students and diverse backgrounds, so the potential for
cases of sexual violence is quite high if not handled systematically. The presence of
the Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling Task Force is a form of implementation
of Permendikbudristek Number 30 of 2021 which requires universities to form a task
force as the front line in preventing and handling cases of sexual violence in the
academic environment. Thus, this research was conducted at Halu Oleo University
because this location not only represents the real efforts of higher education
institutions in implementing national regulations, but also an important space to
assess the effectiveness, challenges, and obstacles in the implementation of sexual
harassment prevention programs for students.
This study uses a qualitative approach with research informants selected using
purposive sampling techniques, so that the informants in this study are 5 people. The
data in this study was obtained through interviews, observations and document
studies, the data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively with an interactive model
consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawn.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to Agustino (2020), the implementation of the program consists of three
stages, namely:
1. Planning Stage, Planning is a decision-making process regarding actions that must
be taken to achieve goals. Planning functions as part of management activities in
achieving goals effectively and efficiently by utilizing available facilities and
infrastructure. Thus, planning can be understood as a process to determine the
targets to be achieved through predetermined procedures.
2. The Implementation Stage is the stage of implementation of a plan that has been
carefully and detailed. This stage is carried out after the planning is considered
ready to be carried out. Implementation can also be interpreted as a concrete action
of a plan that has been systematically prepared so that it can be applied optimally.
3. Evaluation Stage, Evaluation is an assessment process of an activity to determine
the value or results achieved. Evaluation is carried out through planning,
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collecting, and providing information needed in decision-making. In other words,
evaluation is the process of measuring achievement or achievement that is guided
by certain criteria to find out the extent to which the goals that have been set can
be achieved.
Furthermore, programs can be interpreted as a form of social activity that is
organized with a specific purpose, limited by space and time, and involves
interrelated groups in a project. Usually the program takes place in one or more
organizations with continuous activities (United Nations in Zauhar, 1993).
Preventive efforts are understood as a way to control the community to avoid
unwanted things in the future. While there is no single definition of prevention, there
is a common view among experts. Bloom, for example, states that prevention is
interdisciplinary and aims to create long-term change on multiple levels. More
broadly, prevention is understood as an effort to reduce potential harm and encourage
positive interaction and social conditions. In the context of sexual violence, prevention
means creating a healthy and safe environment so that acts of violence can be
prevented before they occur (Zollner, Fuchs, & Fegert, 2014).
The purpose of preventing sexual violence as stipulated in the Sexual Violence
Crime Act is to ensure that every child has the right to live free from violence. This
includes preventing violence from an early age, stopping violence, law enforcement,
providing protection to victims, providing rehabilitative services for victims and
perpetrators, and creating an environment free from sexual violence. In higher
education, the prevention of sexual violence requires a comprehensive approach that
involves all elements, both at the university, faculty, students, and education levels.
The policies implemented must be adjusted to the resources and conditions of each
institution. The availability of accurate data is essential to identify risks as well as
develop appropriate prevention strategies. In addition, creating a positive campus
climate can increase trust and encourage incident reporting. Best practices need to be
adapted to the context, although potential resistance from the community must also
be considered. Therefore, every higher education institution needs to understand the
capacity and resources it has in implementing prevention strategies (Nurtjahyo et al.,
2022).
Implementation of the Sexual Harassment Prevention Program for Students
The Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling Task Force Program is a
systematic and planned effort to protect, prevent, and handle cases of sexual violence
in the university environment. Through the implementation of this program, it is
hoped that a campus culture will be created that upholds respect for human rights
while providing better protection for all campus residents. Cooperation between
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Sriwijaya University and government agencies and related institutions is an important
step in strengthening efforts to prevent and handle sexual violence. Thus, Halu Oleo
University can formulate more effective policies in tackling sexual violence in
Indonesia through the stages of socialization, implementation, and evaluation.
However, the implementation of sexual violence prevention programs in
universities, especially at Halu Oleo University, cannot be separated from various
challenges. These challenges include:
a) Perpetrators of sexual violence are generally people who know the victim, both
seniors, lecturers, and campus employees.
b) Pressure from actors to educational institutions to maintain the image of
universities.
c) Negative stigma from the community that makes victims choose to remain silent
and not report.
d) Evidence that is less valid because the victim did not keep it.
e) It is difficult to internalize the values of anti-sexual violence in the campus
environment.
Prevention of sexual violence is a complex and important effort to create a safe
and supportive learning space for the entire academic community. Based on the
results of research at Halu Oleo University, the Task Force for the Prevention and
Handling of Sexual Violence has conducted socialization on the prevention and
handling of sexual violence, although its implementation has not been evenly
distributed in all faculties. Therefore, the campus needs to show a strong commitment
accompanied by systematic and sustainable steps.
1. Socialization of Sexual Harassment Prevention Program
Socialization is an important step considering that the obligation of universities
to free the academic environment from all forms of sexual violence is not only the
responsibility of the Task Force, but also requires the support of various parties. This
socialization aims to foster collective awareness that sexual violence is a common
issue, not just the affair of the victim or perpetrator. Through socialization, the
academic community is given an understanding of the definition of sexual violence,
how to recognize inappropriate behavior, and procedures for responding to or
reporting incidents. This effort is also important to change social norms and remove
the stigma that often burdens victims. The government itself has prepared educational
programs for law enforcement officials, government officials, and community-based
service providers. The program helps the community understand the steps to prevent
and handle sexual violence. In addition, the government is working with relevant
ministries to ensure that the implementation of the program runs effectively.
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2. Sexual Harassment Prevention Program Case Handling
The handling of cases of sexual violence in universities is a complex problem
that not only concerns the regulatory mechanism, but also the bureaucratic system
and the quality of human resources. A conducive bureaucracy will support the
creation of a gender-friendly campus free from sexual violence, while a rigid
bureaucracy has the potential to ignore victims in order to maintain the good name of
the institution.
The understanding and awareness of the academic community, especially
campus stakeholders, is a key factor in the prevention and handling of cases. Handling
must be based on fair, non-discriminatory, and victim-friendly rules. The involvement
of student institutions in each faculty is also very important, so the Task Force for the
Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence needs to build cooperation with student
organizations to ensure that victims are handled officially by the campus, not only
through family mechanisms.
In addition, prevention can begin with providing psychoeducation, but for
victims, these steps need to be complemented by counseling, guidance, and
psychological therapy. This is important because not all victims are aware of their
condition, and many are reluctant to report their experiences. Overseas research even
found that more than a third of victims of sexual violence chose not to report their
cases (Suhadianto & Ananta, 2023).
3. Evaluation of Sexual Harassment Prevention Programs
The results of the evaluation show that one of the main challenges of the Task
Force on the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence is the limitation of human
resources. The communication system can only run well if it is supported by adequate
human resources, while the number of Task Force personnel is still limited to carry
out two main functions, namely the prevention and handling of cases of sexual
violence.
According to the Chairman of the Task Force for the Prevention and Handling
of Sexual Violence at Halu University, Oleo said that in handling cases, the Task Force
first mediated to find the best solution for the victim. Mediation is carried out so that
the settlement remains under the supervision of the campus, even though it is
arranged in a familial manner. This evaluation emphasizes the need to increase the
capacity and number of human resources of the Task Force so that efforts to prevent
and handle sexual violence can run optimally.
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Obstacles to the Implementation of the Sexual Harassment Prevention Program for
Students
The factors that hinder participation in the implementation of the Prevention
and Handling of Sexual Violence program at Halu Oleo University are mainly due to
the lack of budget and lack of collaboration with student institutions. Many
individuals are still unaware of the negative impact of sexual violence, both on the
victim and on the academic environment. The Chairman of the Sexual Violence
Prevention and Handling Task Force of Halu Oleo University said that various efforts
have been made, such as socialization of violence prevention in each faculty in the
hope of reducing the number of cases in the personal and campus realms. However,
the low participation of students in these activities and the lack of collaboration with
student institutions are the main obstacles in the implementation of the Prevention
and Handling of Sexual Violence program.
Evaluation itself is understood as a process to determine the value of a program
or activity. Evaluation is a series of activities in planning, obtaining, and providing the
information needed to make alternative decisions. In other words, evaluation is an
assessment process to describe the extent to which the results are achieved in
accordance with the criteria that have been set. This is in line with the opinion of
Agustino (2020) who states that evaluation means determining the value or outcome
of an object based on certain guidelines to achieve optimal goals.
1. Lack of Budget
Limited resources and budgets are a major obstacle for the Task Force on the
Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence. In its implementation, the Task Force
needs competent personnel to handle cases of sexual violence, as well as financial
support for training, socialization, and the provision of services for victims. However,
practically, universities still face difficulties in meeting these needs. This was
emphasized by Mrs. Sitti Mikrana Kaimuddin, S.Psi., M.Psi., as the Prevention Section
of the Task Force for the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence at Halu Oleo
University, who stated that until now there is no certainty of adequate funding sources
for the operations of the Task Force. This condition has an impact on the effectiveness
of the performance of the Task Force for the Prevention and Handling of Sexual
Violence, and often the handling of cases does not go optimally as expected. Therefore,
clear, adequate, and sustainable funding guarantees are needed so that the Task Force
for the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence can function optimally.
2. Lack of Collaboration with Student Institutions
In addition to budget constraints, the lack of collaboration with student
institutions is also a serious obstacle. Although the Task Force for the Prevention and
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Handling of Sexual Violence has run a program to prevent and handle sexual violence,
student institutions at Halu Oleo University have not clearly positioned themselves as
partners in this issue. Integration that is not optimal causes weak coordination, so that
the socialization of the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence policy is uneven,
especially among students who are actually the main targets. In fact, the
implementation of the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence program really
needs the support and institutional role of students in each faculty so that it can run
effectively. Unfortunately, until now there have been no student institutions actively
involved in the program, so the handling of victims is still not optimal.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results and discussion above, the conclusion that can be drawn in
this study is that the implementation of the Prevention and Handling of Sexual
Violence program at Halu Oleo University is an important step in creating a safe,
inclusive, and free campus environment from sexual violence. The efforts made by the
Task Force on the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence through socialization,
case handling, and evaluation show the seriousness of the institution in protecting the
academic community from potential violence. However, various challenges are still
faced, such as budget limitations, lack of human resources, weak collaboration with
student institutions, and a culture of silence due to social stigma that makes victims
reluctant to report. This condition shows that the success of the program does not only
depend on the Task Force, but also requires a joint commitment of all campus
elements, including students, lecturers, education staff, and student organizations.
Therefore, Halu Oleo University needs to ensure sustainable funding support, expand
cooperation networks with internal and external institutions, and strengthen the
mechanism for socialization and case handling in favor of victims. With this step, the
implementation of the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence program is
expected to run more effectively, create collective awareness, and build a campus
culture that respects human dignity and upholds gender justice.
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