Absolutely, PRAJAY!
Here's a structured breakdown of synchronous generators, tailored to your
technical depth and interest in practical systems:
⚙️What Is a Synchronous Generator?
A synchronous generator (also called an alternator) is an electromechanical device that converts
mechanical energy into alternating current (AC) electrical energy. It operates at a constant speed—
called synchronous speed—which is directly tied to the frequency of the generated electricity.
🔬 Working Principle
The generator works on Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states:
An electromotive force (EMF) is induced in a conductor when it experiences a change in magnetic
flux.
The rotor (field winding) is excited with DC to produce a magnetic field.
The stator (armature winding) remains stationary and houses the conductors.
As the rotor spins at synchronous speed, its magnetic field cuts across the stator windings,
inducing an AC voltage.
🧱 Construction Overview
Component Description
Stationary part containing armature windings. Made of laminated silicon steel to
Stator
reduce eddy current losses.
Rotor Rotating part with field windings. Excited by DC to produce magnetic flux.
Exciter Supplies DC to the rotor. Can be brush-type or brushless.
Prime Mover External mechanical source (e.g., steam turbine, hydro turbine) that drives the rotor.
There are two rotor types:
Salient Pole: Used in low-speed applications (e.g., hydro plants).
Cylindrical Rotor: Used in high-speed applications (e.g., thermal or nuclear plants).
Sources:
📈 Key Characteristics
Constant Frequency Output: Maintains frequency regardless of load.
Voltage Regulation: Controlled via excitation system.
High Efficiency: Especially in large-scale power generation.
🏭 Applications
Power Plants: Thermal, hydro, nuclear.
Industrial Facilities: Where stable frequency is critical.
Ships & Aircraft: For onboard power generation.
Wind Turbines: Especially in variable-speed systems with power electronics.
Sources:
Would you like a comparison between synchronous and induction generators next? Or perhaps a
deep dive into excitation systems and AVR control?
