Secondary 3 Math Academia

Topical Worksheet: Functions and Graphs

Secondary 3 Mathematics

BASIC
1. For each of the following,
(i) find the line of symmetry and the turning point,
(ii) sketch the graph of the function.
(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! + 5 (b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)! + 2
(c) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 4)! − 3 (d) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)! − 4
(e) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ! + 4 (f) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 2)! − 1
(g) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 1)! + 6 (h) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 3)! + 5

2. For each of the following,

(i) find the 𝑥-intercepts and the 𝑦-intercept
(ii) state the line of symmetry and find the turning point,
(ii) sketch the graph of the function

(a) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) (b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5)

(c) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 5) (d) 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 3)
(e) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 4) (f) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5)
(g) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 6) (h) 𝑦 = −𝑥(𝑥 − 6)

3. Draw the graphs of the following functions for −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4.

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(a) 𝑦 = ! 𝑥 (b) 𝑦 = −4𝑥
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(c) 𝑦 = $ 𝑥 ! (d) 𝑦 = −4𝑥 !
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(e) 𝑦 = ! 𝑥 # (f) −4𝑥 #

4. Draw the graphs of the following functions for −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4.

! "&
(a) 𝑦 = % (b) 𝑦 = %
# "!
(c) 𝑦 = − % (d) 𝑦 = − %
! '
(e) 𝑦 = % ! (f) 𝑦 = % !
$ (
(g) 𝑦 = − % ! (h) 𝑦 = − % !
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5. Draw the graphs of the following functions for −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4.

(a) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 5 (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! − 3
(c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 # − 4 (d) 𝑦 = −𝑥 # + 2
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(e) 𝑦 = % − 6 (f) 𝑦 = − % + 1
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(g) 𝑦 = % ! + 4 (h) 𝑦 = − % ! − 2

6. Draw the graphs of the following functions for −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4.

(a) 𝑦 = −3 + 2𝑥 # (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 # + 3𝑥
(c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! − 𝑥 # (d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 # + 𝑥 !
! "
(e) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − % (f) 𝑦 = % + 𝑥 !
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(g) 𝑦 = % ! + 2𝑥 (h) 𝑦 = 𝑥 # − % !

7. Draw the graphs of the following functions for −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3.

(a) 𝑦 = 6% (b) 𝑦 = −3%
(c) 𝑦 = −5% (d) 𝑦 = 2!%

8. Suppose 𝑛 is a positive integer. Which of the above figures is possibly the graph of
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(a) 𝑦 = −𝑛𝑥? (b) 𝑦 = 𝑛𝑥 ! ?

)
(c) 𝑦 = −𝑛𝑥 # ? (d) 𝑦 = % ?
)
(e) 𝑦 = − % ! (f) 𝑦 = 𝑛 % ?

9. The graph of a curve is shown in the diagram below.

By drawing a tangent, estimate the gradient of the curve at the point

(a) 𝐴 (−5, −7),
(b) 𝐵 (−2,20),
(c) 𝐶 (1,15),
(d) 𝐷 (5, −15).
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10. (a) Draw the graph of the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 4) for −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6.

(b) By drawing a tangent, estimate the gradient of the curve at the point when
i. 𝑥 = −1
ii. 𝑥=4

INTERMEDIATE
11. For each of the following,
(i) express the function in the form 𝑦 = (𝑥 − ℎ)! + 𝑘, where ℎ and 𝑘 are constants.

(ii) state the line of symmetry and the maximum or minimum point of the function,
(iii) sketch the graph of the function.

(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! + 4𝑥 + 5 (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! + 6𝑥 − 8
(c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! − 3𝑥 + 3 (d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! − 4𝑥 − 9
(e) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ! + 𝑥 + 4 (f) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ! + 2𝑥 − 6
(g) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ! − 5𝑥 + 7 (h) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ! − 8𝑥 − 10

12. For each of the following,

(i) express the function in the form 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏) or 𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏),
where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants,
(ii) find the 𝑥-intercepts and the 𝑦-intercept,
(iii) state the line of symmetry and find the maximum or minimum point of the
function,
(iv) sketch the graph of the function.

(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! + 4𝑥 + 3 (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! + 6𝑥 − 16
(c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! − 11𝑥 + 24 (d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! − 16
(e) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ! + 2𝑥 + 3 (f) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ! + 5𝑥 − 6
(g) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ! − 8𝑥 + 20 (h) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ! + 25

13. The graph of the function 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 * , where 𝑘 and 𝑟 are constants, passes through the
points (1,3) and (2,12).
(a) Find the values of 𝑘 and 𝑟.
(b) Hence, draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 * for −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.
(c) State the line of symmetry of the graph.

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14. It is given that 𝑦 is inversely proportional to 𝑥. When 𝑥 = ! , 𝑦 = −8.
(a) Find the equation connecting 𝑥 and 𝑦.
(b) Draw the graph of 𝑦 against 𝑥 for −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4.
(c) V and W are points on the graph. Estimate from the graph in (b),
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i. the 𝑦-coordinate of 𝑉 if its 𝑥-coordinate is −1 ! .
ii. the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝑊if its 𝑦-coordinate is −3.
(d) State the quadrants in which 𝑉 and 𝑊 lie.

!
15. (a) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! + % for 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 4.
(b) Find the turning point of the graph.
!
(c) Use your graph to solve the equation 𝑥 ! + % = 6

16. (a) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 # − 4𝑥 ! + 4 for −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5.

(b) Use your graph to solve the equation
i. 𝑥 # − 4𝑥 ! + 4 = 0,
ii. 𝑥 # − 4𝑥 ! + 8 = 0,
iii. 𝑥 # − 4𝑥 ! + 4 = 𝑥.

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17. (a) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = $ (5% ) for −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3.
(b) Find, from the graph,
i. the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 2.5,
ii. the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 25.

18. The diagram shows a sketch of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑎 % , where 𝑎 and 𝑘 are constants.
The graph passes through the points (0,2) and (3,16).
(a) Find the values of 𝑘 and 𝑎.
(b) Hence, use the answers in (a) to simplify 𝑘𝑎 % as a single power of 𝑎.

19. (a) Draw the graph of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 # + 3𝑥 ! − 9𝑥 for −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4.

(b) Estimate the maximum and minimum points of the graph.
(c) Hence, find the interval of values of 𝑥 for which the gradient of the curve is non-
positive for −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4.

20. (a) Draw the graphs of the functions 𝑦 = 6𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 8.

(b) Use your graphs to solve 6𝑥 = 𝑥 ! .
(c) (i) Locate graphically a point on the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! for which the gradient is 6.
(ii) Write down the coordinates of this point.
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ANSWERS
1. (a)(i) 𝑥 = 0, (0,5) (b)(i) 𝑥 = 1, (1,2)
(c)(i) 𝑥 = −4, (−4, −3) (d)(i) 𝑥 = 3, (3, −4)
(e)(i) 𝑥 = 0, (0,4) (f)(i) 𝑥 = −2, (−2, −1)
(g)(i) 𝑥 = −1, (−1,6) (h)(i) 𝑥 = 3, (3,5)
2. (a)(i) 𝑥-intercepts: 2, −2, 𝑦-intercept: −4 (ii) 𝑥 = 0, (0, −4)
(b)(i) 𝑥-intercepts: 1, 5, 𝑦-intercept: 5 (ii) 𝑥 = 3, (3, −4)
(c)(i) 𝑥-intercepts: −2, −5, 𝑦-intercept: 10
(c)(ii) 𝑥 = −1.5, (−3 .5, −2.25)
(d)(i) 𝑥-intercepts: 0, −3, 𝑦-intercept: 0
(d)(ii) 𝑥 = −1.5, (−1.5, −2.25)
(e)(i) 𝑥-intercepts: −6,4, 𝑦-intercept: 24 (ii) 𝑥 = −1, (−1,25)
(f)(i) 𝑥-intercepts: 1,5, 𝑦-intercept: −5 (ii) 𝑥 = 3, (3,4)
(g)(i) 𝑥-intercepts: −5, −6, 𝑦-intercept: −30
(g)(ii) 𝑥 = −5.5, (−5.5, 0.25)
(h)(i) 𝑥-intercepts: 0,6, 𝑦-intercept: 0 (ii) 𝑥 = 3, (3,9)
8. (a) Figure VI (b) Figure I (c) Figure IV
(d) Figure III (e) Figure II (f) Figure V
" "
9. (a) 17 (b) 3.75 (c) −7 # (d) 6 #
10. (b)(i) −4 (ii) 6
11. (a)(i) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)! + 1 (ii) 𝑥 = 2, (−2,1)
(b)(i) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)! − 17 (ii) 𝑥 = −3, (−3, −17)
# ! # # # #
(c)(i) 𝑦 = D𝑥 − !E + $ (ii) 𝑥 = ! , D! , $E
(d)(i) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)! − 13 (ii) 𝑥 = 2, (2, −13)
" ! " " " "
(e)(i) 𝑦 = − D𝑥 − !E + 4 $ (ii) 𝑥 = ! , (! , 4 $)
(f)(i) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 1)! − 5 (ii) 𝑥 = 1, (1, −5)
( ! " " " "
(g)(i) 𝑦 = − D𝑥 + !E = 13 $ (ii) 𝑥 = −2 ! , (−2 ! , 13 $)
(h)(i) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 4)! + 6 (ii) 𝑥 = −4, (−4,6)
12. (a)(i) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1) (ii) 𝑥-intercepts: −1,3, 𝑦-intercept: 3
(iii) 𝑥 = −2, (−2, −1)
(b)(i) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 − 2) (ii) 𝑥-intercepts: −8,2, 𝑦-intercept: -16
(iii) 𝑥𝑥 = −3, (−3, −25)
(c)(i) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 8) (ii) 𝑥-intercepts: 3,8, 𝑦-intercept: 24
(iii) 𝑥 = 5.5, (5.5, −6.25)
(d)(i) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) (ii) 𝑥-intercepts: 4, −4, 𝑦-intercept: −16
(iii) 𝑥 = 0, (0, −16)
(e)(i) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) (ii) 𝑥-intercepts: −1, 3, 𝑦-intercept: 3
(iii) 𝑥 = 1, (1,4)
(f)(i) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2) (ii) 𝑥-intercepts: 2, 3, 𝑦-intercept: −6
(iii) 𝑥 = 2.5, (2.5, 0.25)
(g)(i) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 10) (ii) 𝑥-intercepts: 2, −10, 𝑦-intercept: 20
(iii) 𝑥 = −4, (−4, 36)
(h)(i) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 5) (ii) 𝑥-intercepts: 5, −5, 𝑦-intercept: 25
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(iii) 𝑥 = 0, (0, 25)

13. (a) 𝑘 = 3, 𝑟 = 2 (c) 𝑥 = 0
$
14. (a) 𝑦 = − % (c)(i) 2.7 (c)(ii) 1.3
nd th
(d) V – 2 quadrant, W – 4 quadrant
15. (b) (1,3) (c) 𝑥 = 0.35 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2.25
16. (b)(i) 𝑥 = −0.9, 1.15 𝑜𝑟 3.7 (ii) 𝑥 = −1.25, 2 𝑜𝑟 3.1
(iii) 𝑥 = −1, 1 𝑜𝑟 4
17. (b)(i) 14 (ii) 2.9
18. (a) 𝑘 = 2, 𝑎 = 2 (b) 2%+"
19. (b) maximum point: (−3, 27) minimum point: (1, −5)
(c) −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
20. (b) 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 6 (c)(ii) (3, 9)