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Professional Practice
Er. Manoj Dangal 10.
Syllabus
Professional Practices (3 marks)
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
Ethics, integrity and professionalism: code of conduct and guidelines for
professional engineering practices
Nepal Engineering Council Act, 2055; and regulations, 2056
Relation with clients, contractor and fellow professionals
Public procurement practices for works, goods and services and its importance
National Building Code: Hierarchy of building codes and its application,
procedure for implementation of building code in Nepal
Building Bylaws XM
Profession
Profession is any type of work that needs special training or a particular skill.
Profession is respected because it involves a high level of education.
Profession delivers services to the society that helps to achieve progressive
social change.
Characteristics or Features of a Profession
Must need strong theoretical knowledge and skills to apply those
knowledge in practice.
Have professional bodies which includes professionals and are intended to
enhance status of their members and require some qualification for being
member of that body.
“Must have sense of together associated with the professionals of same
profession. Profession
Characteristics or Features of a Profession (Contd...)
%
Should register a membership for authentication of knowledge and skills
for professionals.
Require extensive education period of at least 3 years in University.
Each profession has its own code of conduct and code of ethics to be
followed.
Should focus on public service rather than self interest.
Should exclude those who have not meet the qualification requirements.
Achieve high status and rewards from the public.
Should have clear legal authority over the activities that it performs. Integrity
Quality of being honest, ethical, and having strong moral principles
It involves consistently doing the right thing, even when no one is watching,
and adhering to values such as truthfulness, fairness, and accountability.
Integrity is a cornerstone of trustworthiness, both in personal and professional
settings.
Key aspects of integrity:
Honesty: Truthfulness; Avoiding Deception (w=, #1)
Ethical Behavior: Fairness; Adhering to Moral Principles
Consistency: Aligning Actions with Words; Trustworthiness
Accountability: Taking Responsibility, Avoiding Blame-Shifting
wR ee
Respect for Others: Keeping Commitments; Confidentiality
Courage: Standing Up for What’s Right: Resisting Temptations (s
It generally examines:
1. ethic of obedience
2. ethic of care
3.
ethic of reason
7 Moral Dilemma and Ethical Decision Making
Y Ethical Decision Making (Contd...)
+
To make a good ethical decisions, one need a trained sensitivity to ethical
issues and a practiced method for exploring the ethical aspects of a
decision.
The priority that must be considered while making ethical decision are as
follows:
1. Society
2. Profession
3. Organization
4. Individual Moral Dilemma and Ethical Decision Making
v¥ Framework for Ethical Decision Making
1.
N
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Recognize the Ethical Issue
Gather Information
Evaluate the Alternatives
Make the Decision
Act on the Decision
Reflect on the Outcome Duties of an Engineer and Architect
The major duties of an engineer and architect are as follows:
1.
N
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Planning, surveying, designing and estimating the project.
Supervise and control the work.
Constantly participate in the ongoing projects.
Supervise and coordinate the subordinates.
Take responsibility for safety precautions at the job site.
Have the authority to issue variation order.
Have the right to stop the work.
Familiar with work practices and customs. N
Multiple Choice Questions
What are professional ethics?
a)
b)
°)
d)
A set of legal rules
Ethical guidelines for a specific profession
Personal moral beliefs
Government regulations
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental ethical principle in professional ethics?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Honesty
Integrity
Profit maximization
Accountability
In professional ethics, what does “conflict of interest” refer to?
a)
b)
°)
d)
A situation where two professionals disagree
A situation where personal interests conflict with professional duties
A conflict between ethics and laws
A situation involving legal disputes
21 Multiple Choice Questions
4. Which of the following is a common ethical concer in the legal profession?
a) Ensuring product quality
b) Protecting client confidentiality
c) Environmental sustainability
d) Profit maximization
5. Which of the following is a key component of professional conduct in engineering?
a) Ignoring safety standards for project speed
b) Continuous improvement of skills and knowledge
c) Prioritizing personal interests over client interests
d) Working without a code of ethics
6. Which of the following best defines "professional integrity" in engineering?
a) Achieving career advancement at any cost
b) Focusing only on technical skills and ignoring ethical issues
c) Adhering to ethical principles and standards even under pressure
d) Following orders without questioning them
22 Multiple Choice Questions
7. The primary duty of an engineer towards the public is to:
a) Maximize profits for the company
b) Ensure safety and welfare of the public and environment
©) Provide clients with the lowest cost solutions
d) Ensure the project is completed as quickly as possible
8. Professional code of conduct as per NEC Regulation, 2057 are
a) Discipline and honesty
b) Politeness and confidentiality
c) Non-discrimination
d) Allofthe above Relation with Client, Contractor and Fellow Engineers
Y Relation with Client
1. The engineer should be faithful to client.
2. The engineer should not accept compensation from more than one party
for same service.
The engineer should undertake only the job he/she is qualified for.
4. The engineer should not disclose any information about client and
technical processes. Relation with Client, Contractor and Fellow Engineers
Y Relation with Contractor
1.
The engineer should be faithful to the employer.
The engineer should perform qualified task provided by the employer on
time and with quality.
The engineer should indicate the employer the adverse consequences if
his/her judgement is overruled.
The engineer should not divulge any confidential findings of actions of
the board in which he/she is involved in. Relation with Client, Contractor and Fellow Engineers
Y Relation with Fellow Engineers
1. The engineer should not take credit for the works performed by others.
2. The engineer should endeavor opportunity for professional development
and advancement of fellow engineers.
3. The engineer should not injure the professional reputation and prospects
of other engineers.
4. Ifthe engineer have proof that fellow engineer is being unethical, he/she
should advise to proper authority.
5. The engineer should not review the work of other engineers for the same
client unless authorized.
6. The engineer should cooperate with fellow engineers for sharing
information and experience to advance the engineering profession. Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is the primary responsibility of an engineer towards their client?
a) To deliver the project at the lowest possible cost
b) To ensure the quality and safety of the project
c) Toignore the client's budget constraints
d) Tocomplete the project as quickly as possible
2. How should an engineer maintain a professional relationship with fellow engineers?
a) By competing with them to prove superiority
b) By sharing knowledge and collaborating on projects
c) By avoiding working with them on complex tasks
d) By only focusing on individual achievements
3. If there is a disagreement between an engineer and a contractor, what is the best course
of action?
a) Ignore the issue and proceed with the work
b) Engage in open communication and find a mutually agreeable solution
c) Escalate the issue to the client without trying to resolve it first
d) Immediately suspend the contractor from the project Multiple Choice Questions
4. Which action reflects ethical behavior in the relationship between engineers and
contractors?
a) Accepting bribes for faster work completion
b) Being transparent about any changes in the scope of the project
c) Ignoring safety protocols to save costs
d) Taking credit for the contractor's work
5. How should an engineer address an issue with a fellow engineer on a project?
a) Criticize them openly in front of the team
b) Discuss the issue privately and find a constructive solution
c) Ignore the issue and move on
d) Report them to a higher authority immediately
6. When working with contractors, an engineer should prioritize:
a) Personal interests
b) Strictly following personal design preferences
c) Clear documentation and adherence to specifications
d) Ignoring timelines to ensure quality 25 Multiple Choice Questions
What is the most important aspect of an engineer’s relationship with a client during a
project?
a) Only focusing on the client's budget
b) Ensuring the project is completed on time, within budget, and meets specifications
c) Always deferring to the client’s decision without professional input
d) Limiting client interactions to only the early stages of the project
When working with a contractor, how can an engineer manage risks effectively?
a) By withholding crucial information to maintain control
b) By establishing clear roles, responsibilities, and timelines from the start
c) By focusing only on the technical aspects of the project
d) By avoiding any meetings with the contractor once the work begins Negligence, Tort and Liability
v Negligence
v¥ Negligence is the lack of proper care or attention.
v It involves actions of the people which is against the standards.
Y To be the compensated from the guilty of negligence, following elements
should be established:
1. The defendant had a legal obligation to behave in certain way.
2. The defendant failed to fulfill this obligation by acting
inappropriately.
3. The injury or loss was caused due to the defendant's legal breach of
contract resulting damage.
30 Negligence, Tort and Liability
Y Tort is defined as the damage, injury or wrongful act done willfully or
negligently.
¥ It involves the situation in which a person's behavior caused suffering to
others.
Y Liability
Y Liability is defined as being obligated to pay for damages or loss.
v It is the obligation to pay penalty for not fulfilling the defined duties,
negligence and tort.
v
Liability is of following types:
1. Liability under contract
2. Liability in tort
3. Liability under statute
31 Negligence, Tort and Liability
Y Vicarious Liability
¥ Vicarious liability is the liability hold by one party for the actions of
another.
¥ For example, tort is committed by an employee in the course of his
employment, then the employee is liable for the tort along with the
employer is also liable for the tort committed by his/her employee. Such
liability accounted for the employer is called vicarious liability. Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is the basic definition of negligence in law?
a) A deliberate action that causes harm to another
b) The failure to take reasonable care, resulting in damage or injury to another
c) Accriminal act that causes harm to others
d) A breach of contract between two parties
2. What is "vicarious liability"?
a) A party’s liability for its own acts
b) A person being liable for the harm caused by another person
c) Liability only for intentional torts
d) A type of tort that holds individuals accountable for property damage
3. Which of the following is not considered an example of tort?
a) Acar accident caused by reckless driving
b) Abreach of a contractual obligation
c) Anassault causing bodily injury
d) A slip-and-fall accident due to unclean premises
33 Multiple Choice Questions
4. What is the basic definition of negligence in law?
a) Acdeliberate action that causes harm to another
b) The failure to take reasonable care, resulting in damage or injury to another
c) Accriminal act that causes harm to others
d) A breach of contract between two parties
5. How should an engineer address an issue with a fellow engineer on a project?
a) Criticize them openly in front of the team
b) Discuss the issue privately and find a constructive solution
c) Ignore the issue and move on
d) Report them to a higher authority immediately
6. When working with contractors, an engineer should prioritize:
a) Personal interests
b) Strictly following personal design preferences
c) Clear documentation and adherence to specifications
d) Ignoring timelines to ensure quality
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Thank You!