NFS – NOTES FOR STUDY
Foundation Course in Wireless & Mobile Communication
Sample Set – 1 for Practice Only
Passage 1: Wired vs Wireless Communication
Wired communication uses physical connections like cables and fiber optics to transmit data, offering high
reliability and security, but limited mobility. Wireless communication transmits data via electromagnetic
waves without physical media, enabling mobile connectivity but is more prone to interference and
security risks. Both approaches underpin modern networks, with wireless preferred for consumer devices
and applications requiring flexibility.[2][1]
1. What is a main advantage of wired communication over wireless?
• A) Mobility
• B) High reliability (Answer)
• C) Lower cost
• D) Broad coverage
2. Which medium is used in wired communication systems?
• A) Electromagnetic waves
• B) Radio waves
• C) Cables/Fiber optics (Answer)
• D) Infrared signals
3. Wireless communication is preferred for devices that require:
• A) Fixed installation
• B) Flexibility and mobility (Answer)
• C) Long transmission delay
• D) Physical security
4. A disadvantage of wireless communication compared to wired is:
• A) Higher security
• B) More interference risk (Answer)
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• C) Constant data rates
• D) Less scalability
5. Which is NOT typically a use case for wireless communication?
• A) Smartphones
• B) IoT devices
• C) Data centers (Answer)
• D) Wearables
Passage 2: Electromagnetic Spectrum & Signals
The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, ranging
from radio waves and microwaves to infrared, visible light, and beyond. Wireless communication utilizes
specific bands within the spectrum to transmit data. Signals can be analog (continuous) or digital
(discrete), and bandwidth and frequency determine the speed and efficiency of communication.[1][2]
6. What does the electromagnetic spectrum represent?
• A) Speed of light
• B) All possible frequencies of EM radiation (Answer)
• C) Physical cables
• D) Magnetic fields only
7. Which frequency bands are commonly used in wireless communication?
• A) Radio and microwave (Answer)
• B) X-rays
• C) Visible light
• D) Gamma rays
8. Analog signals are characterized by:
• A) Discrete levels
• B) Continuous variation (Answer)
• C) Only two states
• D) More error correction
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9. The amount of data that can be transmitted per second is known as:
• A) Bandwidth (Answer)
• B) Frequency
• C) Wavelength
• D) Latency
10. Digital signals typically use which waveform?
• A) Sine wave
• B) Triangle wave
• C) Square wave (Answer)
• D) Sawtooth wave
Passage 3: Modulation Techniques
Modulation is the process of encoding information onto a carrier wave through varying its amplitude,
frequency, or phase. Common analog techniques include Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency
Modulation (FM). Digital modulation includes Phase Shift Keying (PSK) and Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation (QAM), allowing efficient and robust data transmission in modern wireless systems.[2][1]
11. Which modulation technique varies the amplitude of the carrier wave?
• A) AM (Answer)
• B) FM
• C) PSK
• D) TDMA
12. FM is primarily used because it:
• A) Is immune to noise (Answer)
• B) Has narrow bandwidth
• C) Vary amplitude
• D) Is simple to implement
13. Which is a digital modulation technique?
• A) AM
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• B) FM
• C) QAM (Answer)
• D) Baseband
14. The main purpose of modulation in wireless communication is to:
• A) Reduce antenna size
• B) Increase power usage
• C) Transmit information efficiently (Answer)
• D) Remove interference
15. Phase Shift Keying (PSK) involves changing the __________ of a carrier wave.
• A) Amplitude
• B) Frequency
• C) Bandwidth
• D) Phase (Answer)
Passage 4: Multiple Access and Cellular Concepts
Wireless systems use multiple access techniques like FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and OFDMA to allow many
users to share the available bandwidth. Cellular networks are divided into cells with base stations,
supporting frequency reuse and mobility through handover processes. These concepts maximize
efficiency and capacity.[1][2]
16. Which technique assigns separate frequencies to different users?
• A) TDMA
• B) FDMA (Answer)
• C) CDMA
• D) OFDMA
17. Handover in cellular networks refers to:
• A) Reassigning frequencies
• B) Transferring a call from one cell to another (Answer)
• C) Reducing bandwidth
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• D) Increasing antenna size
18. OFDMA improves network capacity by:
• A) Increasing power
• B) Dividing spectrum into orthogonal subcarriers (Answer)
• C) Reducing interference
• D) Allocating codes to users
19. What is the primary function of a base station in cellular networks?
• A) Signal modulation
• B) Radio transmission and reception (Answer)
• C) Encoding data only
• D) Acting as a mobile station
20. Frequency reuse allows:
• A) One user per frequency
• B) Same frequency in distant cells (Answer)
• C) Unlimited bandwidth
• D) Elimination of interference
Standalone Unit 1 MCQs (Not Passage-based)
21. What does FDMA stand for?
• A) Frequency Division Mobile Access
• B) Frequency Division Multiple Access (Answer)
• C) Fast Data Modulation Approach
• D) Frequency Daily Mapping Assignment
22. Which access method divides time into slots for multiple users?
• A) FDMA
• B) CDMA
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• C) TDMA (Answer)
• D) OFDMA
23. In wireless, digital modulation is favored because:
• A) Easier transmission
• B) Improved noise immunity (Answer)
• C) Lower costs
• D) Larger antennas
24. Analog signals are typically represented by:
• A) Sine waves (Answer)
• B) Square waves
• C) Pulse trains
• D) Triangular waves
25. Frequency Modulation (FM) is most suitable for:
• A) Long-distance analog transmission
• B) Radio broadcasting with less noise (Answer)
• C) Security applications
• D) Binary data
26. Which type of signal is discrete and used in computers?
• A) Analog
• B) Digital (Answer)
• C) Hybrid
• D) Modulated
27. Electromagnetic waves can travel through:
• A) Only wires
• B) Vacuum and air (Answer)
• C) Plastic
• D) Copper only
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28. What does 'handover' mainly enable in mobile networks?
• A) Stationary calls
• B) Supported roaming and movement (Answer)
• C) Data encryption
• D) Baseband filtering
29. Which is NOT a multiple access technique?
• A) FDMA
• B) CDMA
• C) PSK (Answer)
• D) TDMA
30. The base station connects with:
• A) Mobile stations (Answer)
• B) Modems only
• C) Only other base stations
• D) Wired switch only
31. What does OFDMA stand for?
• A) Optical Frequency Division Modulated Access
• B) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (Answer)
• C) Offset Frequency Domain Medium Access
• D) Outgoing Frequency Digital Modulation Algorithm
32. The basic unit of frequency reuse is:
• A) Channel
• B) Cell (Answer)
• C) Antenna
• D) Network
33. Analog communication is mainly used for:
• A) Binary file transfer
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• B) Voice and music signals (Answer)
• C) Image processing
• D) Secure banking
34. CDMA allows users to connect via:
• A) Unique codes (Answer)
• B) Unique frequencies
• C) Dedicated wires
• D) Time slots only
35. Which one is not an analog modulation?
• A) AM
• B) FM
• C) QAM (Answer)
• D) PM
36. What property of EM wave relates to cycles per second?
• A) Amplitude
• B) Frequency (Answer)
• C) Phase
• D) Pulse
37. Bandwidth is correctly defined as:
• A) Distance of signal travel
• B) Range of frequencies available for transmission (Answer)
• C) Number of antennas
• D) Power of transmission
38. Mobile station refers to:
• A) Fixed tower
• B) User device (phone, modem) (Answer)
• C) Central switch
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• D) Fiber cable
39. Handover basics are needed for:
• A) Data encryption
• B) Signal filtering
• C) Uninterrupted call continuity during movement (Answer)
• D) Power boost
40. Amplitude Modulation is used mainly in:
• A) Television audio
• B) AM radio broadcasting (Answer)
• C) Wireless sensors
• D) Modems
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