PHYLUM -

ARTHROPODA
Class - Arachnida Cephalothorax

Respiration by - Book Lungs

Excretion by - Coxal Glands
Excretory waste - Guanine
Legs - 8 Legs Legs
Eyes - Simple
Antennae- Absent
Abdomen

Scorpion
Class - Insecta Legs - 6 Legs
Respiration by - Tracheae Eyes - Compound
Excretion by - Malpighian Tubules Antennae - 1 Pair
Excretory waste - Uric Acid

Antennae

Head
Thorax

Abdomen

Butterfly
 Abdomen
Head Thorax

Antennae

Compound
Eyes

Legs (3 pairs)

Locust
Class - Crustacea Legs - 10 Legs
Respiration by - gills Eyes - Compound
Excretion by – green glands Antennae - 2 Pair
Excretory waste - ammonia

Cephalothorax
Compound eyes

Abdomen Antennae
(2 Pair)

Legs
(5 pair)
Prawn
Read the following four statements A–D:

(A) The body of arthropods is externally covered by chitinous

exoskeleton.
(B) The body of arthropods is generally divided into head, thorax
and abdomen.
(C) In arthropods, circulatory system is of closed type.
(D) All arthropods are oviparous.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?
(1) One (2) Two
(3) Four (4) Three

Ans. 2
Which feature links Planaria, Leech, and Cockroach in a
progressive evolutionary trend?
(1) Presence of a blind sac body plan
(2) Increased specialization of excretory organs
(3) Presence of pseudocoelom
(4) Presence of compound eyes

Ans. 2
Refer to the figures A, B and C given below. Which of the
following options shows the correct respiratory organs of
the given animals?

(A) (B) (C)

(1) A – Tracheal system, B – Book lungs, C - Lungs

(2) A – Tracheal system, B - Gills, C – Book lungs
(3) A - Gills, B – Book gills, C - Book lungs
(4) A - Book lungs, B - Gills, C - Tracheal system

Ans. 2
PHYLUM-
MOLLUSCA
Pila Octopus
 Mouth Contains radula Rasping organ
Oviparous M
Mantle Mantle cavity Gills open

O
Respiration Excretion

L Bilateral symmetry Body parts

Indirect development Larva present Head
L Unsegmented body
Visceral hump
Usually dioecious
Muscular foot
Chitin U Sensory tentacles on head
Shell
CaCO3 Soft bodied animals
S Second largest phylum
Hump and
Mantle cavity Space
mantle
C
Aquatic as well Coelomate and
as terrestrial
Triploblastic animals
A
Anus
Cause: Given mollusc possess a muscular foot.
Effect: Muscular foot is capable of locomotion and burrowing.
Is this cause-effect relationship valid?
(1) True cause and correct effect
(2) Correct cause but unrelated effect
(3) Effect is true, but cause is incorrect
(4) Both cause and effect are incorrect

Ans. 1
Which of the following is true regarding molluscs?
(1) All molluscs have soft bodies enclosed by calcareous shell.
(2) Radula is present for feeding.
(3) Adult molluscs are radially symmetrical.
(4) Feather like gills are present near mouth.

Ans. 2
 PHYLUM-
ECHINODERMATA
Endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles
All are marine
Organ-system level of organisation.
Radially symmetrical but larvae are bilaterally symmetrical
Triploblastic and coelomate animals
Water vascular system
Excretory system - Absent
Reproduction – sexual
Fertilisation - usually external
Development - indirect with free-swimming larva.
Which of the following character is true for given figure?

(1) This animal has an endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles

(2) The adult echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical but
larvae are radially symmetrical
(3) The most distinctive feature of echinoderms is the
presence of water transport system which helps in
locomotion capture and transport of food and respiration
(4) Development is direct with free-swimming larva.

Ans. 1
The animal with tube-feet is:
(1) Star fish
(2) Jelly fish
(3) Silver fish
(4) Cray fish

Ans. 1
Which of the following statement is correct w.r.t. phylum
Echinodermata?

(1) Excretory system is absent.

(2) Incomplete digestive system.
(3) They are diploblastic and acoelomates.
(4) They are freshwater animals.

Ans. 1
Worm like marine animals. Proboscis
Organ system level of organisation.
B
Bilateral symmetry O
D
Triploblastic, coelomate Y

Stomochord – Rudimentary Collar P

structure in the collar region. A
R
Circulatory system – Open T
S
Excretion – Proboscis gland

Trunk

Balanoglossus
The given diagram shows the body regions of a Hemichordate
(e.g., Balanoglossus).
B
Identify the correctly labelled regions A, B, and C.
A – Proboscis, B – Collar, C – Trunk
A – Collar, B – Proboscis, C – Trunk
A – Trunk, B – Collar, C – Proboscis A
A – Proboscis, B – Trunk, C – Collar

Ans. 2
C
Assertion (A): Region labelled as “B” (collar) contains
stomochord, once thought to be notochord.
Reason (R): Hemichordata was earlier considered B
as a separate sub class under phylum Chordata.

(1) Both A & R are true, & R is correct explanation of A.

(2) Both A & R are true, but R is not correct explanation of A.
(3) A is true but R is false.
(4) A is false but R is true.

Ans. 3
 PHYLUM-
CHORDATA
 Notochord
Hollow nerve cord

Gill slits Post anal part

Chordata characteristics
Which of the following is the most accurate distinction between
chordates and non-chordates?
(1) Chordates possess a closed circulatory system, while it is
absent in all non chordates.
(2) All non-chordates are triploblastic, whereas chordates can
be either triploblastic or diploblastic.
(3) All coelomate animals are chordates, while non-coelomate
animals are non-chordates.
(4) The presence of a notochord is a unique feature that
differentiates all chordates from all non-chordates.

Ans. 4
Subphylum Urochordata

Notochord is present only in larval tail

TUNICIN
Exclusively marine
Adults are sessile while larva is free
swimming
Adult members have test over their body,
made up of tunicin hence, animals are
also
Examples:
called Urochordata – Ascidia,
Tunicates.
Salpa,
Doliolum
Consider the following statements:
(A) Protochordates are exclusively marine.
(B) Ascidia and Salpa are examples of urochordata.
(C) In urochordates, the notochord is present only in the larval
tail.
(D) Amphioxus is an example of Urochordata.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(1) A alone (2) B, C and D
(3) A, B and C (4) All

Ans. 3
Which amongst the following organisms belongs to subphylum
urochordata?

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

Ans. 1
Class - Cyclostomata

A jawless vertebrate - Petromyzon

Which of the following statement is not correct with respect
to Cyclostomata?
(1) Jawless circular mouth.
(2) Body is devoid of scales but paired fins are present.
(3) Cranium and vertebral column are cartilaginous.
(4) Circulation is closed type.

Ans. 2
 Circular and suctorial mouth is present in:

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

Ans. 2
Class - Chondrichthyes
Ventrally located mouth
Teeth are modified placoid scales
Powerful jaws

HEAD TRUNK TAIL

Air bladder absent

Heterocercal tail

Skin is tough, Pelvic fin bearing

5 to 7 pairs of containing clasper in males
gills without placoid scales
operculum
Scoliodon (Dog fish)
Statement:
“Teeth are modified placoid scales and are backwardly directed.”
This statement is correct with respect to:
(1) Shark but not with respect to Dog fish
(2) Rohu but not with respect to Shark
(3) Dog fish but not with respect to Rohu
(4) Saw fish but not with respect to Shark

Ans. 3
How many statements are incorrect with respect to the given
figure?

(A) Gill slits are separate and with operculum.

(B) Their skin has minute placoid scales.
(C) Their teeth are forwardly directed.
(D) They are predaceous.
(1) One (2) Two (3) Three (4) Four

Ans. 2
 Class - Osteichthyes

HEAD TRUNK TAIL

Terminal Homocercal
mouth Air bladder present tail

4 pairs of gills Skin is covered

covered by with ctenoid
operculum /cycloid scales

Catla (Katla)
Read the following statements and choose the appropriate
option w.r.t. the given figure:
Statement I – It belongs to class Osteichthyes
and has a bony endoskeleton.
Statement II – They are oviparous and
development is direct.

(1) Both statements are correct.

(2) Statement I is correct, Statement II is incorrect
(3) Statement I is incorrect, Statement II is correct
(4) Both statements are incorrect.

Ans. 1
Consider the following characteristics:
(a) Notochord persists throughout life
(b) Gills covered by operculum
(c) Minute placoid scales
(d) Bony endoskeleton
(e) Swim bladder present
(f) Mouth ventrally located
How many of the above are features of Osteichthyes?
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

Ans. 3
 Class - Amphibia
Amphibians can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitats.
Respiration is by gills, lungs and through skin.
Alimentary canal, urinary bladder and genital ducts open into a
common chamber called cloaca, which opens to the exterior.
Head

Skin is moist Trunk

(without scales)
Eye
Tympanum

Forelimb

Hindlimb
 Head
Trunk

Tail

Salamandra
A limbless amphibian that resembles a worm or snake is a:
(1) Salamandra
(2) Bufo
(3) Ichthyophis
(4) Exocoetus

Ans. 3
Statement I: All amphibians possess two pairs of limbs,
which is a definitive characteristic of the class Amphibia.
Statement II: The body of an amphibian is always divisible
into a head, trunk and tail.
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
(3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
(4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

Ans. 2
A key difference between the examples is the presence or
absence of certain body parts. Which of the following correctly
identifies a difference between two of the examples?
(1) Rana has a tail, while Salamandra does not.
(2) Salamandra has a three-chambered heart, while Rana has
a four-chambered heart.
(3) Bufo has a tympanum, while Ichthyophis lacks one.
(4) Hyla has two pairs of limbs, while Ichthyophis lacks them.

Ans. 4
Class-Reptilia

First successful terrestrial vertebrates

Creeping or crawling mode of locomotion
Limbs when present are two pairs, and each limb has five
digits with incurved nails.
Ability to change colour

Chameleon
Three chambered Heart
Poikilotherms.
Sexes are separate.
Fertilisation-internal.
Oviparous
Development- direct.

Chelone
Poisonous snakes – Naja (Cobra), Bangarus (Krait), Vipera (Viper)
Non-poisonous Snakes- Python (Ajgar)

Naja

Snakes are limbless.

Poisonous snakes – Naja (Cobra), Bangarus (Krait), Vipera (Viper)
Non-poisonous Snakes- Python (Ajgar)

Naja

Snakes are limbless.

Snakes & lizards shed their scales as skin cast.

Exoskeleton is made up of horny
epidermal scales or scutes

Crocodilus

Jacobson’s organ Nerve Brain

At the roof of buccal cavity,

Jacobson’s organ (olfactory)
is present.
Tongue
Ear

Tympanum
represents the ear
A student observes three vertebrate animals and records the following
features:
Feature Animal X Animal Y Animal Z
Habitat Aquatic Both aquatic Terrestrial
and terrestrial
Respiration Gills only Gills in larvae. Lungs only
lungs in adult
Heart chambers Two Three Three (except
crocodiles — four)
Fertilization External/Internal External Internal

Skin Scales (dermal) Moist. glandular Dry, scaly

Match Animal X, Y, and Z with their correct vertebrate classes:
(1) X — Pisces, Y — Amphibia, Z — Reptilia
(2) X — Amphibia, Y — Pisces, Z — Reptilia
(3) X — Pisces, Y — Reptilia, Z — Amphibia
(4) X — Reptilia, Y — Amphibia, Z — Pisces

Ans. 1
Choose correct match from column l, II and Ill.

Column-I Column-II Column-III

(1) Chameleon Tree lizard

3-chambered
(2) Crocodilus Heart, External
fertilization

Turtle, Scales
(3) Chelone
are absent

Cobra,
(4) Python
Oviparous

Ans. 1
 Class - Aves
Presence of feathers
Possess beak
Forelimbs are modified into wings Head
Hind limbs generally have scales and Neck
are modified for walking, swimming
or clasping the tree branches Trunk
Crop and gizzard
Four-chambered Heart
Warm-blooded animals Tail
Respiration by lungs
Separate sexes
Internal fertilisation
Oviparous
Skin

Skin is dry without glands except the oil or preen glands at

the base of the tail or uropygium.

These glands secrete oil, which lubricates feathers.

Preen gland
Skeletal System

Long bones are hollow

called pneumatic bones.

The endoskeleton is Pneumatic bones make

fully ossified (bony). the body light in weight
and help in flying.
Read the following characters:
✓ Possess feathers all over the body
✓ Homoiothermous and the heart is four-chambered
✓ Fertilisation is internal
✓ Scales are found only on hindlimbs
The above characters belong to:
(1) Aves
(2) Reptilia
(3) Mammalia
(4) Amphibia

Ans. 1
(i) Pneumatic bones (ii) Homiothermous
(iii) Poikilothermous (iv) Feathers
(v) Moist skin (vi) Sexes are not separate
(vii) Viviparous (viii) Oviparous
How many characters are correct for the given animal?
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 6

Ans. 2
Identify a, b, c and d from the following:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (a) Neophron (b) Struthio (c) Psittacula (d) Pavo
(2) (a) Pavo (b) Struthio (c) Psittacula (d) Neophron
(3) (a) Neophron (b) Struthio (c) Pavo (d) Psittacula
(4) (a) Neophron (b) Pavo (c) Psittacula (d) Struthio

Ans. 1
Class - Mammalia

Pinnae
HEAD

NECK

Body
Mammary gland
hair
(most unique TRUNK
mammalian character)

Viviparous
(give birth to young ones)

Limbs TAIL

(2 pair)
Macropus
Egg laying mammal

Ornithorhynchus (Platypus)
Flying mammal

Pteropus (Flying fox)

Statement : “Young ones are delivered by giving birth
(viviparous).”
This statement is incorrect with respect to:
(1) Whale but not with respect to Shark
(2) Platypus but not with respect to Whale
(3) Dolphin but not with respect to Whale
(4) Human but not with respect to Tiger

Ans. 2
Both Pteropus (bat) and Pigeon are capable of true flight. Yet, they
are classified differently because:
(1) Bat is warm-blooded, while pigeon is cold-blooded.
(2) Bat has a four-chambered heart, while pigeon has a three-
chambered heart.
(3) Both are warm-blooded, but bat has mammary glands
whereas pigeon lacks them.
(4) Bat has feathers on its wings, while pigeon has hairs on wings.

Ans. 3