Module II – Product Design Process
(Design Thinking)
1. Introduction to Product Design Process
Definition:
The Product Design Process is a structured method of transforming an idea into a usable,
valuable, and manufacturable product that solves a real problem.
Explanation:
- Focuses on solving real-world needs with feasible, innovative products.
- Involves stages: Empathize → Define → Ideate → Prototype → Test.
- Ensures product is technically feasible, economically viable, and user-desirable.
Example:
Designing a water purifier for rural use—requires understanding user lifestyle, cost
constraints, and maintenance ease.
2. Structured Approach to Product Design
Explanation:
- A step-by-step framework to reduce guesswork and bring clarity.
- Includes: Problem Identification, User Needs Analysis, Requirement Specification, Concept
Generation, Evaluation and Selection, Detailing & Testing.
- Tools: Brainstorming, mind maps, sketching, design matrices.
Importance:
- Prevents trial-and-error waste.
- Enables team collaboration.
- Balances cost, time, quality, and innovation.
3. Identification of Design Needs
Explanation:
- Understanding what needs to be solved and why.
- Involves field research, observations, interviews.
- Identifies gaps in existing solutions.
- Aligns with social, economic, and technical context.
Example:
Street vendors face issues with lighting → idea of a solar-powered mobile cart.
Outcome:
- A clear design brief that guides development.
4. Product Life Cycle
Definition:
Describes the stages a product goes through from introduction to decline.
Stages:
1. Introduction – Launch, high cost, low profit
2. Growth – Market acceptance, rising sales
3. Maturity – Peak sales, competition
4. Decline – Decreasing demand, product exit
Design Considerations:
- Durability, upgrade paths, recyclability
Example:
- Mobile phones – evolution every generation.
5. Idea Generation Techniques
Explanation:
- Creativity tools to generate effective solutions.
- Techniques: Brainstorming, SCAMPER, Mind Mapping, Analogies, 5 Whys.
Goal:
- Produce diverse ideas, even unconventional, for filtering and development.
Example:
- Foldable helmet combining compactness and safety.
