Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Course STAT2910-2: Statistics for the Sciences
TEST 1: Winter 2021
Solution of Test 1
1. This test has 7 pages including the cover page and 9 questions
2. DO ALL OF THE QUESTIONS
3. Print your name, student number and section number on the first page. Write your last
name on each subsequent page.
4. It is important to be specific about what you are calculating, otherwise it is impossible to
award partial marks for solutions containing errors.
5. MUST ALWAYS SHOW YOUR WORK
Question Maximum mark Actual mark
1 18
2 10
3 10
4 18
5 10
6 10
7 10
8 10
9 4
Total 100 pts
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Question 1. 18 pts
The following data represent the final grades of students in first year Statistics. The leaf unit is
1.
Stems Leaves
4 34
5 6799
6 123444
7 5667788
8 1223
9 789
a. (2 pts) Calculate the range of the data?
The range is give by,
R = max − min = 99 − 43 = 56 (2 pts)
b. (3 pts) Find the median.
The position of the median is,
position = 0.5(n + 1) = 0.5 × (26 + 1) = 0.5 × 27 = 13.5 (1.5 pts)
Then, the median is
Median = 75 + 0.5(76 − 75) = 75.5 (1.5 pts)
c. (3 pts) Find the average grade.
Let x denotes the grades of students, then, the average is give by,
26
1X 42 + 44 + . . . + 98 + 99
x̄ = xi = = 71.34615 (3 pts)
n i=1 26
d. (8 pts) Find the first and the third quartiles and the inter-quartile range of the data.
The position of Q1 is,
position = 0.25(n + 1) = 0.25 × (26 + 1) = 0.25 × 27 = 6.75 (1.5 pts)
Then, Q1 is
Q1 = 59 + 0.75(61 − 59) = 60.5 (1.5 pts)
The position of Q3 is,
position = 0.75(n + 1) = 0.75 × (26 + 1) = 0.75 × 27 = 20.25 (1.5 pts)
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Then, Q3 is
Q3 = 81 + 0.25(82 − 81) = 81.25 (1.5 pts)
Finally,
IQR = Q3 − Q1 = 81.25 − 60.5 = 20.75 (2 pts)
e. (2 pts) What can you say about the shape of this distribution? Justify?
The fact that the mean if less than the median makes the distribution skewed left.
Question 2. 10 pts
The following data represent the number of patients who took the flu-shot for a sample of 10
Ontario doctors: 15, 18, 7, 1, 12, 12, 9, 10, 15, and 22
a. (6 pts) Calculate mean, variance and standard deviation of the sample
Let x denotes the numbers of students who took the flu-shot, then, the average is give by,
10
1X 15 + 18 + . . . + 15 + 22
x̄ = xi = = 12.1 . (2 pts)
n i=1 10
The variance can be obtained as
10
1 X
S2 = (xi − x̄)2 = 34.76667 . (3 pts)
n − 1 i=1
Therefore, the standard deviation is
√
S = 34.76667 = 5.896327 (1 pts)
b. (4 pts) Is the measurement 22 an outlier? Justify?
First, we find the z − score of 22
x − x̄ 22 − 12.1
z − score = = = 1.679011 (2 pts)
s 5.896327
The measurement 22 is not an outlier as the absolute value of z−score is less than 2 (2 pts).
Question 3. 10 pts
A distribution of measurements is relatively mound-shaped with mean 60 and standard deviation
15.
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a. (3 pts) What proportion of the measurements will fall between 45 and 75.
Based on the empirical rule 68% of the mea-
surements will fall within one standard devi-
ation of the mean. Thus 68% will fall in in
the interval 0.02
A1 = 68%
0.01
[µ − 1σ, µ + 1σ] = [45, 75]
0.00
15 30 45 60 75 90 105
The green area in Figure 1 Figure 1
b. (3 pts) What proportion of the measurements will fall between 30 and 90.
Based on the empirical rule 95% of the mea-
surements will fall within one standard devi-
ation of the mean. Thus 95% will fall in in
the interval 0.02
A2 = 95%
0.01
[µ − 2σ, µ + 2σ] = [30, 90]
0.00
15 30 45 60 75 90 105
The red area in Figure 2 Figure 2
c. (4 pts) What proportion of the measurements will fall between 75 and 90.
This proportion is given by
0.02
A3 = A2/2 − A1/2 = 47.5 − 43 = 13.5%
0.01
A3 = 13.5%
0.00
The yellow area in Figure 3 15 30 45 60 75 90 105
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Question 4. 18 pts
Research studies suggest that the likelihood a university student chooses to study Engineering
may depend on the person’s gender. The proportions of the total number of cases that fall into
four major/gender categories are shown in the table below:
Education Male (M) Female (F)
Engineering Major (E) 0.20 0.20
Non-engineering 0.25 0.35
a. (4 pts) Find P (E)
P (E) = P (E ∩ M ) + P E ∩ M c = 0.20 + 0.20 = 0.4
b. (4 pts) P (E ∪ M )
P (E ∪ M ) = P (E) + P (M ) − P (E ∩ M ) = 0.40 + 0.45 − 0.2 = 0.65
c. (4 pts) P (E | M c )
P (E ∩ M c ) 0.2
P E | Mc = = = 0.3636
P (M )
c 0.55
d. (2 pts) Are the events E and M mutually exclusive? Justify?
Since P (E ∩ M ) = 0.2 6= 0, we conclude that E and M are not mutually exclusive.
e. (4 pts) Are the events E and M independent? Justify?
Given that
P (E ∩ M ) 6= P (E).P (M )
0.2 6= 0.4 × 0.45
0.2 6= 0.18,
we conclude that E and M are not independent.
Question 5. 10 pts
a. (4 pts) In how many ways a committee of 4 members can be selected from a group of 10
members?
10!
C10
4 = = 210 .
4!(10 − 4)!
b. (6 pts) How many computer passwords of length 4 you can make out of given 10 characters
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i. if repetition of characters is allowed?
104 = 10000 .
ii. without repeating a character more than one time?
10!
P10
4 = = 5040 .
(10 − 4)!
Question 6. 10 pts
A food truck near the University of Windsor specializes in healthy sandwiches. The sandwiches
are prepared fresh each morning and any unsold sandwiches are donated to a food bank. Each
sandwich costs $6 to make and sells for $10. The daily number of sandwiches sold, X, has the
following distribution:
Table 1: Probability distribution function of X
x 0 1 2 3 4
p(x) 0.15 0.05 ? 0.25 0.35
a. (4 pts) Fill in the missing probability in the table above.
To find the missing probability p(2) = p2 , we solve the following equation
1 = p(0) + p(1) + p2 + P (3) + p(4)
1 = 0.15 + 0.05 + p2 + 0.25 + 0.35
1 = 0.80 + p2
=⇒ p2 = 1 − 0.80 = 0.2
b. (6 pts) What is the expected daily profit? (hint: find the mean of X and multiply it by profit
per sandwich)
First we find the mean µ of X
4
X
µ= x.p(x) = 0 × 0.15 + 1 × 0.05 + 2 × 0.2 + 3 × 0.25 + 4 × 0.35 = 2.6 .
i=0
Thus, the daily expected profit is µ × (10 − 6) = 2.6 × 4 = 10.4 .
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Question 7. 10 pts
A statistic report suggests that 55% of Canadian families are homeowners. If this is still true and
we pick a random sample of 60 Canadian families.
a. (6 pts) Find the probability that exactly 35 of the 60 will be homeowners.
Let X denotes the number of Canadian families who are homeowners, then X ∼ Binomial (n = 60, p0.55),
hence the desired probability is given by
P (X = 35) = C60 35
35 (0.55) (0.45)
60−35
= 0.0908
b. (4 pts) Find the expected (mean) number of families in the sample, which own their homes.
The mean is give by
µ = np = 60 × 0.55 = 33
Question 8. 10 pts
Suppose that the number of typhoons per year in a given part of the world averages 3 per year.
If typhoon occurrence follows a Poisson distribution,
a. (6 pts) find P (X = 3).
Using the Poisson probability distribution with parameter µ = 3, we
µ3 e−µ 33 e−3
P (X = 3) = = = 0.2240418 .
3! 3!
b. (4 pts) what is the probability that in a given year there will be no typhoons in that part?
Similarly, we
µ0 e−µ 30 e−3
P (X = 0) = = = 0.04978707 .
0! 0!
Question 9. 4 pts
Before the last federal elections took place, a poll for Maclean’s magazine by Abacus reported
that, when the question “Who would be the most likely to stop and help if your car was stranded?”
was asked, 18% and 41% responded S=Andrew Scheer and J=Jagmeet Singh, respectively, while
the rest answered T=Justin Trudeau.
If 20%, 80% and 20% of those answering S, J and T, respectively, would vote for Singh in the
actual elections, what is the probability that any randomly selected individual who is similar to
the population in the poll would vote for Singh?
Let V bet the event that the individual would vote for Singh. Then
P (V ) = P V | S P (S) + P V | J P (J) + P V | T P (T )
= (0.2)(0.18) + (0.8)(0.41) + (0.2)(0.41)
= 0.446 .
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