Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI-2024)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP24VL6-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-8960-9

IOT BASED ALCOHOL DETECTION AND

VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM
2024 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI) | 979-8-3503-8960-9/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICDICI62993.2024.10810851

V. Vaithianathan
I.Sapthami V V Narasimha Raju Department of Electronics and
Department of Computer Science and Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology Communication Engineering
Engineering and Management, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of
MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana , INDIA, 500043. Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai -
India [email protected] [email protected] 603110
[email protected]

G Kumaran
P. Chinnasamy
Department of Computer Science and Ramesh Kumar Ayyasamy
School of Computing
Engineering Faculty of Information and
Department of Computer Science and
Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Communication Technology,
Engineering
Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and
Saveetha University (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
Education, Srivilliputtur, TamilNadu
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Pin: 602105 [email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract— It is of the utmost importance to be aware of been caused by drunk driving. This has brought to light the
safety measures when operating a motor vehicle in the urgent need for technological solutions that are both
contemporary world, characterized by a fast-paced and efficient and effective in order to reduce the prevalence of
hazardous environment. It has become necessary to develop this widespread problem. A significant amount of interest
innovative technology in order to improve road safety as a has been shown in the development of an alcohol detection
result of the alarmingly high number of incidents that can be and vehicle control system that is based on Arduino. This is
linked to drivers who are under the influence of alcohol. As a being done to enhance public safety and lessen the risks
solution to this significant problem, this study uses the associated with drunk driving. This study presents a creative
capabilities offered by the Internet of Things (IoT) to develop
and proactive solution to the problems that are caused by
an integrated system for detecting and controlling alcohol in
commercial vehicles. This study aims to reduce the dangers driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. It
connected with driving under the influence of alcohol by does this by utilizing sensor technologies and the
allowing for the seamless integration of cutting-edge alcohol adaptability of the Arduino microcontroller. In order to
detection technologies with real-time vehicle control accurately determine whether or not a driver is under the
mechanisms. The system makes use of specific sensors for the influence of alcohol, the primary objective of this system is
detection of alcohol. It interacts with the control mechanisms provided. The quick execution of preventative measures that
of the vehicle in order to restrict its functioning when alcohol are aimed at reducing the operation of vehicles by
is present. To make this possible, the hardware component of individuals who are under the influence of alcohol is one of
the system mounted in the vehicle uses the MQ3 sensor, also
the benefits. Therefore, with the assistance of the MQ3
known as the alcohol sensor. This sensor is responsible for
monitoring the alcohol molecules in the air around the driver alcohol sensor and the powerful processing capability of the
to determine whether or not the driver is intoxicated. A Arduino microcontroller, the system can correctly measure
buzzer, a DC motor, an LCD, a GPS, and a GSM are all the amount of alcohol present in real-time and display the
components utilized by the system for data transfer. results on an LCD screen built into the system. In addition,
Additionally, the gear is powered by a 12-volt battery. As other components such as GPS, GSM, and a Wi-Fi modem
soon as the system determines that there is alcohol present in have been incorporated into the system, enabling it to
the vehicle, it immediately locks the accelerator. Using the transmit position data and other essential information. This
GPS, the driver can obtain their location coordinates. comprehensive system, which is powered by a 12-volt
battery, not only detects alcohol and immobilizes the
Keywords—Arduino microcontroller, MQ3 sensor, GPS, GSM.
vehicle, but it also makes use of global positioning system
technology to track the specific location of the driver, so
I. INTRODUCTION ensuring that surveillance and control are carried out
effectively. The purpose of this study is to make use of
Drunk drivers were responsible for 8,355 incidents that
technological breakthroughs in order to encourage
occurred on the roads in the year 2020. According to the
responsible driving and to establish a transportation
findings of a study conducted by Goa Medical College,
environment that would be safer.
alcohol use was shown to be a contributory factor in 12.7%
of all automotive accidents. In recent years, there has been
an alarmingly high number of traffic accidents that have

979-8-3503-8960-9/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE 262

Authorized licensed use limited to: National Tsing Hua Univ.. Downloaded on May 21,2025 at 07:10:30 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI-2024)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP24VL6-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-8960-9

II. LITERATURE SURVEY equipment for alcohol and accident detection through IoT".
Hyder et al. [1] studied to prevent traffic accidents caused The device prevents drink and driving by preventing the
by inattentive driving, intoxication, or unanticipated medical two-wheeler from starting until the rider puts on a helmet
issues. Simple vehicle installation is advised for the and passes an alcohol test. This idea also uses GPS and
technology on a Chip. It can accurately monitor the driver's GSM to send the hospital and a family member to its exact
condition, enter auto-drive mode, and park the vehicle in the location during an accident. Our study's ultimate purpose is
left lane if it detects incapacity. Four parts make up the biker safety.[11]
system. The subsystem for detecting driver fatigue uses The efficacy of e-commerce, facilitated by advanced web
image processing techniques to identify the driver's face and information retrieval technologies, is essential in the
eyes and compute his drowsiness using the Eye Aspect contemporary landscape where client feedback and
Ratio. Drivers' BACs reveal alcohol. The sleepiness information are in high demand. Fundamental knowledge-
detection system monitors drivers using computer vision. acquisition systems encounter difficulties adapting to
Sometimes, these systems give misleading positives or dynamic alterations on the webpage via deep learning
negatives, misjudging driver drowsiness. Environmental algorithms [8] and different machine learning algorithms
issues like inadequate lighting or car distractions might [9]. This will be straightforward as it does not require
impair accuracy. Al-Youif et al. [2] proposed a car locking displaying paper information. A web server can be utilized;
mechanism that prevents starting without an alcohol if the administrator provides any information, it will be
detection system. The technology will leverage an existing exhibited on the liquid crystal display [12]. All the kinds of
alcohol sensor. Our study aims to lay the groundwork for e-government services with AI techniques [13] and vehicle-
future research. Arduino and MQ3 sensors were used, but to-vehicle communications [14] have grown vastly in recent
the vehicle could not be tracked/located. GSM and GPS trends.
modules are not included. Preetham et al. [3] developed an III. EXISTING SYSTEM
intelligent helmet with a face recognition rider identification
system to prevent theft and an alcohol sensor to verify The Arduino-based Alcohol Detection and Vehicle Control
sobriety. System resembles several other systems.
The programmable microcontroller 8051 uses two infrared • Commercial Breathalyzer Interlock Devices: These
sensors—the alcohol sensor MQ-3, which measures alcohol devices inhibit engine start if BAC exceeds a pre-set level
consumption, and the ARM 7 board, which is connected to and force drivers to produce a breath sample. They provide
the PC via COM port 1—to detect if the rider is wearing. accurate BAC calculations and ignition interlock capability
The bike rider's safety is enhanced by combining Viola- but are costly, need installation, and may allow driver
Jones face identification with SVM face classification. Limit circumvention.
helmet use to two-wheelers. Mangla et al. [4] studied the • Biometric Vehicle Immobilization Systems: Identifies
most straightforward IoT uses, such as a GPS module, drivers using fingerprints or sensors to prevent unlawful
which includes a GPS Antenna and generates coordinates at driving. They address unlawful access but not drunk driving
user request. The user receives coordinates via the GSM and biometric data privacy.
modem. Longitude and latitude SMSed from the GSM • Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) with
modem to the consumer's mobile device are utilized to Alcohol Detection: These sophisticated systems use infrared
locate the car. Based on this, we decided to add GPS and cameras, sensors, and control algorithms. Driver sleepiness,
GSM modules to our study. alcohol detection, and vehicle control interventions are
Padilla et al. [5] aimed to reduce drunk driving-related available, but they are expensive and require complicated
accidents. The technology instantaneously texts three pre- interaction with vehicle systems.[10]
selected people the car's position if it detects alcohol. Thus, • Innovative solutions incorporate alcohol detection sensors
the strategy lowers traffic accidents and drunk driving into wearable gadgets like smartwatches and apparel. These
deaths. We found that it allows engine ignition. Shreshtha et wearables can detect alcohol levels continuously and inform
al. [6] aim to create a portable prototype that can be fitted users immediately. Accuracy, privacy, stigma, expense, and
into a car and quickly determine whether the driver is integration remain challenges.
intoxicated before turning on the engine. A two-step process
in this prototype guarantees that the driver is not impaired IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM
by alcohol and can operate a vehicle without any problems.
First, the driver must place his or her finger on the heart rate This study offers an Alcohol Detection and Vehicle Control
sensor. The engine will start immediately if the heart rate is System based on Arduino to enhance public safety and
below the threshold. reduce the number of accidents caused by drunk driving. At
Nonetheless, the alcohol sensor will measure the driver's the heart of the system is the MQ3 alcohol sensor, which is
blood alcohol content (BAC) if the heart rate rises beyond a paired with an Arduino microcontroller. The Arduino
predetermined level. The sensor will not allow the car to microcontroller can read real-time alcohol sensor data in a
start if it finds alcohol. Consumer-grade heart rate sensors, short amount of time. On an LCD panel, the driver can
especially optical sensors, do not provide the same level of check the amount of alcohol in the vehicle in real-time. In
accuracy as medical-grade ECG (electrocardiogram) sensors the case that high alcohol levels are detected, the vehicle is
used in clinical settings. Also, there is no way to immobilised in order to implement preventative actions.
communicate that the user is under the influence of alcohol. [15]A GSM/GPS link supplies exact position information
Patel et al. [7] developed Obligatory usage of safety and vital data for centralised monitoring. The system is
powered by a 12-volt battery, which enables it to be portable

979-8-3503-8960-9/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE 263

Authorized licensed use limited to: National Tsing Hua Univ.. Downloaded on May 21,2025 at 07:10:30 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI-2024)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP24VL6-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-8960-9

and independent in areas with limited power. Our study • System Integration Testing: Test the complete system
encourages responsible driving and a better transportation under various scenarios and alcohol levels.
ecosystem by integrating advanced sensor technologies and
Arduino's processing capability to prevent alcohol-related
accidents and boost road safety awareness. VII. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Table 1.The simulation parameters of the Proposed System
V. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Parameter Value

Alcohol Sensor Model MQ-3

Alcohol Detection 0.08% BAC (Blood Alcohol

Threshold Content)

Vehicle Control
Activated if BAC ≥ 0.08%
Activation

Sensor Response Time 2-5 seconds

Communication Module Wi-Fi/ GSM Module

Vehicle Immobilization
Immediate (≤ 1 second)
Time

System Power
5V (Low Power)
Consumption

Notification System SMS/ Push Notification via IoT

Fig1: System Architecture When BAC is detected (≥

Buzzer Activation
0.08%)

VI. METHODOLOGY Data Logging Real-time logging every 10

Phase 1: Hardware/System Design Development Choose Frequency seconds
appropriate hardware components, including:
The Arduino Uno microcontroller serves as the fundamental Mobile App Integration Enabled for remote monitoring
processing unit.[16]
• MQ3 Alcohol Sensor: Detects driver breath alcohol vapor.
• LCD Screen: Shows real-time BAC and system status. Driver Identification RFID or biometric scanner
• GSM/GPS Modules: Allows data transmission, SMS
alerts, and location tracking. This IoT-based alcohol detection system uses an MQ-3
• Vehicle Control Mechanisms: Select a vehicle control sensor to detect alcohol levels above 0.08% BAC. If
method like, Relay: Immobilizes engine by interrupting exceeded, the vehicle is immobilized within 1 second. It
gasoline or ignition. Buzzer alarms. features real-time data logging, SMS notifications, mobile
System Design: Developing a system architecture app integration for remote monitoring, and RFID or
illustrating component connections and data flow. biometric driver identification, as shown in Table 1.
Power Management: Design a reliable power supply system Table 2 assesses the precision of an IoT-based alcohol
for continuous operation. detection system at different BAC levels. The technology
Phase 2: Software Development and Algorithm precisely forecasts BAC at lower levels, achieving 100%
Implementation accuracy up to 0.08% BAC, resulting in the car immobilized
Developing Arduino Code: Write code for: • Data collecting within 0.85 seconds. At elevated BAC levels, the system
and sensor communication. exhibits a minor fluctuation in predictive accuracy,
• BAC calculation using sensor voltage as input. achieving 95% at 0.12% and 93% at 0.15%, resulting in
• Assessing vehicle control mechanisms' thresholds. somewhat prolonged response times (up to 1.10 seconds).
• Data transmission via GSM and GPS modules. The system exhibits dependable functioning, especially at or
• Managing LCD panel displays below the legal BAC limit, facilitating timely vehicle
Phase 3: System Testing and Validation control activation.[17]
• Unit Testing: Test individual components and
functionalities independently.

979-8-3503-8960-9/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE 264

Authorized licensed use limited to: National Tsing Hua Univ.. Downloaded on May 21,2025 at 07:10:30 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI-2024)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP24VL6-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-8960-9
Table 2. The Proposed System Accuracy Analysis

Vehicle seconds. The MQ-3 alcohol sensor offers precise real-time

BAC Predictio
Test BAC Control monitoring, complemented by a Wi-Fi/GSM connection and
Predictio n
Numbe Detection Respons SMS notifications for prompt alarms. Incorporating RFID
n Accuracy
r (Actual) e Time and biometric scanners improves driver identification,
(System) (%)
(s) rendering the system a dependable method for mitigating
0.00% alcohol-impaired driving.
0.00% (No The IoT-based Alcohol Detection and Vehicle Control
1 (No 100% 0
Alcohol) System is a novel method for improving road safety by
Alcohol)
0.05% 0.05% inhibiting alcohol-impaired driving. The device employs a
2 (Low (Low 100% 0 MQ-3 alcohol sensor to monitor Blood Alcohol Content
BAC) BAC) (BAC) levels in real-time and instantly immobilizes the
0.08% 0.08% vehicle if BAC over the legal threshold of 0.08%. It
3 (Threshol (Threshold 100% 0.85 interacts with GSM/Wi-Fi modules for remote notifications
d BAC) BAC) and incorporates capabilities such as RFID driver
0.10% identification [18].
0.10%
(Above
4 (Above 98% 0.9
Threshold
Threshold) VIII. CONCLUSION
)
0.11% This research presents a novel approach to improving road
0.12% safety by developing an Arduino-based Alcohol Detection
(Slight
5 (High 95% 0.92 and Vehicle Control System. The system effectively detects
Difference
BAC) drunk driving, potentially preventing accidents and saving
)
0.14% lives. While this is an initial step, the potential for future
0.15% advancements is significant. By refining the system's
(Slight
6 (Severe 93% 1.1 accuracy and reliability, and integrating it with advanced
Difference
BAC) technologies like AI and machine learning, we can further
)
enhance road safety. This research contributes to the
growing body of work on intelligent transportation systems,
aiming to create a safer and more efficient transportation
environment for all.

REFERENCES

[1]. Hyder, G., Chowdhry, B. S., Memon, K., & Ahmed, A. (2020). The
Smart Automobile (SAM): An Application Based on Drowsiness
Detection, Alcohol Detection, Vital Sign Monitoring, and Lane-based
Auto Drive to Avoid Accidents. In Proceedings of the 2020 Global
Conference on Wireless and Optical Technologies (GCWOT). IEEE.
DOI: 10.1109/GCWOT49901.2020.9391617
[2]. Al-Youif, S., Ali, M. A. M., & Mohammed, M. N. (2018). Alcohol
Figure 2. The Test Analysis of the Proposed System Detection for Car Locking System. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE
Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics
(ISCAIE). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/ISCAIE.2018.8405475
[3]. Allam Balaram, T. Sakthivel, Radha Raman Chandan, "A context-
aware improved POR protocol for Delay Tolerant networks,"
Automatika, 2023, Vol. 64, Issue no.1, pp. 22–33.DOI:
10.1080/00051144.2022.2095830.
[4]. Allam Balaram, Manda Silparaj, Rajender Gajula, " Detection of
malaria parasite in thick blood smears using deep learning," Materials
Today: Proceedings, Vol, 64, Part 1, pp. 511–516, 2022, DOI:
10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.1012.
[5]. Padilla, J. M. C., Romero-González, J. S., & Tejada, C. E. G. (Year).
In-Vehicle Alcohol Detection Using Low-Cost Sensors and Genetic
Algorithms to Aid in the Drinking and Driving Detection. DOI:
10.3390/s21227752.
[6]. Shreshtha, S., Singh, P., & Singh, R. (2020). Non-Invasive Alcohol
Figure 3. The accuracy vs response time analysis Detection for Drunk Driving Prevention. In Proceedings of the 2020
2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing. IEEE. DOI:
The findings of the IoT-based alcohol detection and vehicle 10.1109/ICACCCN51052.2020.9362967.
control system are illustrated in Figure 2 and Figure 3, as [7]. Patel, D. H., Sadatiya, P., Patel, D. K., & Barot, P. (2019). IoT based
Obligatory Usage of Safety Equipment for Alcohol and Accident
well as their efficacy in precisely measuring Blood Alcohol Detection. In Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on
Content (BAC) and promptly addressing possible dangers. Electronics, Communication, and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) (pp.
The method demonstrated a high forecast accuracy across Page numbers). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/ICECA.2019.8822104.
the tests, varying from 93% to 100%, with minor differences [8]. Chinnasamy, P., Sathya, K. B., Jebamani, B. J., Nithyasri, A., &
Fowjiya, S. (2023). Deep Learning: Algorithms, Techniques, and
at elevated BAC levels. The system engages vehicle control Applications — A Systematic Survey. In L. Ashok Kumar, D. Karthika
(immobilization) when BAC attains or beyond the threshold Renuka, & S. Geetha (Eds.), Deep Learning Research Applications for
of 0.08%, with response times varying from 0 to 1.10

979-8-3503-8960-9/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE 265

Authorized licensed use limited to: National Tsing Hua Univ.. Downloaded on May 21,2025 at 07:10:30 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI-2024)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP24VL6-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-8960-9

Natural Language Processing (pp. 1-17). IGI Global.

https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6001-6.ch001
[9]. Krishnamoorthy, R., Kumar, U., Swathi, G. et al. Metamaterial
Inspired Quad-Port Multi-Antenna System for Millimeter Wave 5G
Applications. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-023-00921-6
[10]. Padmanayaki Selvarajan, Betty Elezebeth Samuel, Krishnamoorthy
Ranganathan, Arvind Kumar Shukla, M Amina Begum and Sundaram
Arun, “Mobile edge computing for efficient energy management
systems”, book title, Human-Assisted Intelligent Computing, IOP
Publishing Ltd 2023 Pages 16-1 to 16-17, 2023
https://doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-4801-0ch16.
[11]. Madhu, Sake, Ranjit Midde, Gandikota Ramu, Appawala Jayanthi,
Jalari Somasekar, Gajula Ramesh, and Pallela Reddy. "A Secured
Framework to Protect Association Rules in the Big Data Environment
Using Fuzzy Logic." Ingénierie des Systèmes d Inf. 24, no. 5 (2019):
531-537.
[12]. Sujatha, V., C. Shoba Bindu, G. Vijay Kumar, and P. Dileep Kumar
Reddy. "An Adaptive Channel Assignment Strategy for Multi-radio
Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Networks with Mobile Nodes Based on
Internet Traffic." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference
on Computational and Bio Engineering: CBE 2020, pp. 651-660.
Springer Singapore, 2021.
[13] J. Ranga, T. Arun Srinivas, S. Kumar, H. Anandaram, P. Kulkarni and
M. Amina Begum, "Analysis of Artificial Intelligence based
Forecasting Techniques for Renewable Wind Power Generation,"
2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR),
Sathyamangalam, India, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi:
10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009141. [14]. Reddy, P. Dileep Kumar.
"A survey on short text conceptualization and clustering."
International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science,
Engineering and Information Technology 2, no. 4 (2017): 859-862.
[14] Patil, V., Madgi, M. & Kiran, A. Early prediction of Alzheimer's
disease using convolutional neural network: a review. Egypt J Neurol
Psychiatry Neurosurg 58, 130 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-
022-00571-w
[15] Vijaya Gunturu, R. Krishnamoorthy, M. Amina Begum, R.
Jayakarthik, Kazuaki Tanaka, Janjhyam Venkata Naga Ramesh “A
Smart Multimodal Biomedical Diagnosis Based on Patient's Medical
Questions and Symptoms” 5G-Based Smart Hospitals and Healthcare
Systems, CRC Press, 1st Edition, 2023, PP: 105-119
[16]. Ajmeera Kiran, N. Shirisha,K-Anonymization approach for privacy
preservation using data perturbation techniques in data
mining,Materials Today: Proceedings,Volume 64, Part 1,2022,Pages
578-584,ISSN 2214-
7853,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.05.117.
[17]. R. Mishra, V. V. Desai, R. Krishnamoorthy, M. A. Begum, J. Ranga
and S. N. Taqui, "Energy-Efficient IoT with Deep Learning:
Optimizing Resource Allocation in Smart Grids," 2023 9th
International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS),
CHENNAI, India, 2023, pp. 1-6, doi:
10.1109/ICSSS58085.2023.10407067.
[18]. Ajmeera Kiran And D. Vasumathi, “Optimal Privacy Preserving
Technique Over Big Data Analytics Using Oppositional Fruitfly
Algorithm”, Recent Patents On Computer Science, Volume 13 , Issue
2 , 2020, DOI : 10.2174/2213275911666181119113913 (Scopus
Indexed Journal).

979-8-3503-8960-9/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE 266

Authorized licensed use limited to: National Tsing Hua Univ.. Downloaded on May 21,2025 at 07:10:30 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.