A REPORT

ON
SURVEY CAMP
(Setting Up DGPS Equipment and Procedure in detailing)

A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING

BY

MD MUDASSER
HT.NO.160922732303
Under the Guidance of
SAI KUMAR
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

LORDS INSTITUE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution)
(AFFILIATED TO OSMANIA UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD)
HIMAYAT SAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500091

2024
 LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution)
(Affiliated to Osmania University & Approved by AICTE, Accredited
by NBA, Accredited by NAAC “A” Grade).

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation titled “SURVEY CAMP” submitted by MD MUDASSER bearing the
Roll No: 160922732303 in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Degree of BACHELOR
OF ENGINEERING in CIVIL Engineering is a bonafide record of the work carried out by him under the
supervision of G.SAI KUMAR, Assistant Professor, Department of CIVIL, Lords Institute of Engineering
and Technology during the academic year 2024-2025.

Date of submission of report:

Coordinator Head of department

G sai kumar Dr. khaja fareeduddin
Assistant professor Associate Professor
Dept. of civil. Dept. of civil.
TABLE OF CONTENT:

ABSTRACT

1-Introduction to Differential GPS (DGPS)

2-Absolute Coordinates system

3-About satellites

4-Components of DGPS

5-Field procedure to collect data

6-Vector data

7- Conclusion

8- visual aids
ABSTRACT:
Differential GPS (DGPS) is an advanced
navigation system that improves the accuracy of standard GPS by
using ground-based reference stations to generate and broadcast
correction data. This enhanced accuracy is crucial for applications
such as surveying, mapping, and precision agriculture. The process of
setting up DGPS equipment involves careful planning, installation of
base stations, calibration, and ensuring the correct reception and
application of correction data by user rover.
This report outlines a comprehensive
detail of equipment , parts of DGPS , procedure for setting up DGPS
equipment and collecting accurate positional data of survey land ; by
the help of DGPS we have calculated the college area which came
around 9 acre and 5 guntas and plotted the survey points of blocks and
labs and plotted 2 permanent bench marks in first year block and main
block
 DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM

1-Introduction to Differential GPS (DGPS):

1.1 Overview of GPS:
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation
system that provides accurate location and time information in all
weather conditions, anywhere on or near Earth. The GPS system
consists of three segments:

 Space Segment: Approximately 30 satellites orbiting Earth.

 Control Segment: Ground stations that monitor and manage
satellites.
 User Segment: Receivers used by individuals for navigation and
positioning.

1.2 Limitations of Standard GPS:

While GPS has revolutionized navigation and positioning, it comes
with its limitations:

 Accuracy: Standard GPS typically provides positional accuracy

within 5-10 meters.
 Errors: Factors like atmospheric conditions, signal multipath,
and satellite geometry can cause errors.

1.3 Introduction to DGPS:

Differential GPS (DGPS) is an enhancement to standard GPS that
significantly improves positional accuracy. It works by using a
network of fixed ground-based reference stations. These stations
broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS
satellites and the known fixed positions.

 How DGPS Works:

o Reference Stations: These stations receive GPS signals and
 compute their exact position.
o Correction Signals: The reference station calculates the
error in the received GPS signals and broadcasts these
corrections.
o User Receivers: Mobile receivers use the correction data
from the reference stations to improve their positional
accuracy

1.4 Benefits of DGPS:

DGPS offers several advantages over standard GPS:
 Improved Accuracy: Achieves positional accuracy within 1-3

meters.
 Reliability: Provides more reliable data for critical applications.

 Applications: Essential for applications requiring high precision

such as surveying, agriculture, and autonomous vehicles.

1.5 Components of a DGPS System:

 Reference Stations: Ground-based stations that receive GPS

signals and calculate the necessary corrections.

 Broadcast Network: A system to transmit the correction data to

users.
 User Equipment: GPS receivers capable of receiving and

applying the correction data.

1.6 Types of DGPS:

DGPS can be classified based on the method of delivering correction
signals:
 Ground-Based DGPS: Uses terrestrial transmitters like radio

beacons to broadcast corrections over limited areas.

 Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS): Uses
geostationary satellites to provide correction data over wider
areas. Examples include WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation
System) and EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation
Overlay Service).

1.7 Applications of DGPS:

DGPS finds use in various fields that require high accuracy:
 Surveying and Mapping: Precise measurement and mapping of

land.
 Agriculture: Precision farming techniques for optimal crop

yield.
 Marine Navigation: Ensuring safe navigation in coastal waters.

 Aviation: Enhanced approach and landing operations.

 Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling accurate positioning for self-

driving cars and drones.

2-Absolute Coordinates system :

Absolute coordinates provide a specific fixed position in a coordinate

system.

 Geographic Coordinates: Often given in degrees of latitude and

longitude (e.g., 34.0522° N, 118.2437° W).

 Projected Coordinates: Used in specific map expressed in units

like meters or feet (e.g., UTM coordinates). projections, typically

ZONE 44 Q
WGS1984
220134.45, 1919338.63
220432.13, 1919248.22

These are the co ordinates for the college area of [L.I.E.T] surveyed
using DGPS

LIET – Q-44 ZONE

3-THERE ARE FOUR GNSS SYSTEMS
INEXISTANCE:
GPS, GLONASS , GALILEO,COMPASS & NAVIC

 The Global Positioning System (GPS) is also called NAVSTAR

GPS (Navigational System with Time and Ranging) operated by
United States Government.

 The Global Navigation and Satellite System (GLONASS)

operated by the Russian Government.

 The Galileo Navigation Satellite System to be operated by

European Union

 The Compass Navigation Satellite System to be operated by

Chinese Government

 Navigation with Indian Constellation Satellite System to be

operated by Indian Government

ssss
4-COMPONENTS OF DIFFERENTIAL
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM :
Differential GPS (DGPS) systems enhance the accuracy of standard
GPS by using additional components to generate and apply correction
data. Here are the main components of a DGPS system:

4.1 Reference Stations:

 Purpose: These are fixed ground-based stations with precisely
known locations. They receive GPS signals and calculate any
discrepancies between their actual location and the location
indicated by the GPS signals.
 Function: By comparing the received GPS signals with their

known position, reference stations determine the error in the GPS

signal.
4.2 Correction Data:

 Definition: The error determined by the reference stations is used

to generate correction data.
 Transmission: This correction data is then broadcast to user
receivers to improve their positional accuracy.

4.3 Communication Network:

 Purpose: Used to transmit the correction data from the reference

stations to the user receivers.

 Types:

o Terrestrial Transmitters: Such as radio beacons that

broadcast correction signals over localized areas.

o Satellite-Based Systems: Such as Satellite-Based
Augmentation Systems (SBAS) which provide correction
signals over larger areas.

4.4 User Receivers:

 Function: These are standard GPS receivers equipped to receive
 and apply the correction data.
 Types:
o Handheld Devices: Portable GPS units used in various

applications like surveying and navigation.

o Vehicle-Mounted Receivers: Installed in vehicles such as

cars, ships, and aircraft for precise navigation.

4.5 Antennas:
 Purpose: Both the reference stations and user receivers require

antennas to receive GPS signals and, in some cases, the correction

signals.
 Types:

o Omnidirectional Antennas: Typically used for general

GPS signal reception.

o High-Gain Antennas: Used in reference stations for more

precise signal reception and transmission.

4.6 Data Processing Units:

 Purpose: These units within the reference stations and user

receivers process the received GPS signals and apply the

correction data.
 Function: Ensures the final positional data is accurate and

reliable.


4.7 Power Supply:

 Purpose: Essential for the operation of all components in the

DGPS system.
 Types:

o Battery Packs: Used in portable and remote reference

stations.
o Fixed Power Sources: Used in stationary reference stations

and user receivers installed in vehicles.

4.8 Software:
 Function: Software within the reference stations and user

receivers interprets GPS signals, calculates correction data, and

 applies it.
 Features:
o Signal Processing Algorithms: For accurate calculation of

positions and corrections.

o User Interface: Allows users to interact with the system and

configure settings.

4.9 Calibration Equipment:

 Purpose: Ensures the accuracy and reliability of the reference

stations.
 Usage: Regular calibration is necessary to maintain the precision

of the reference stations.

By integrating these components, DGPS significantly improves the

accuracy of standard GPS, making it indispensable for applications
requiring high precision.
5-FIELD PROCEDURE TO COLLECT DATA:
● Set up the tripod
● Connect the antennas
● Connect the batteries
● Level the instrument
● Power on the equipment
● Set the control panel coordinates
● Place the control point (30 minutes)
● Connect the rover to the base
● Start picking points using the rover.

DETAIL PROCEDURE FOR THE DATA COLLECTION OF

THE SURVEY AND SURVEY POINTS:

5.1 Planning and Preparation:

 PLANNING: Clearly define the plan and scope of your data

collection project.
 INSTRUMENT CHECKING: Ensure all DGPS equipment,

including base, rover, and personal devices, are in proper working

condition.
 BASE SELECTION: Choose locations for the base stations and

data collection points. Ensure the base stations are in locations

with clear visibility of the sky.

5.2 Setting Up base point:

 SEETING UP: Set up the base stations at known locations. These

should be places with minimal obstructions to GPS signals.

 Calibration: Calibrate the reference stations to ensure they have

accurate positional data.

 Power Supply: Ensure the reference stations have a reliable

power source, whether it’s battery packs or fixed power sources.

5.3 Receiving GPS Signals:

 Signal Acquisition: Reference stations should start acquiring

GPS signals from the satellites. This involves receiving signals

 from at least four GPS satellites to calculate the positional data.
 Error Calculation: The reference stations calculate the error by
comparing the received GPS signal position with the known
precise position.

5.4 Broadcasting Correction Signals:

 Generating Correction Data: The reference stations generate

correction data based on the calculated errors.

 Transmission: Use terrestrial transmitters (e.g., radio beacons)

or satellite-based systems (e.g., SBAS) to broadcast the correction

data to the user receivers.

5.5 Setting Up User Receivers:

 Receiver Setup: Equip user receivers with antennas and ensure

they can receive correction signals from the reference stations.

 Configuration: Configure the user receivers to apply the

correction data to the GPS signals.

5.6 Data Collection:

 Field Survey: Move to the designated data collection points with

the user receivers.

 Signal Reception: Ensure the user receivers are receiving both

GPS signals and correction signals from the reference stations.

 Data Logging: Collect and log the positional data at each data

collection point. Ensure the data is recorded accurately and any

anomalies are noted.

5.7 Data Processing:

 Initial Processing: Perform initial data processing in the field to

check for errors or inconsistencies.

 Correction Application: Apply the correction data to the logged

positional data to improve accuracy.

 Data Verification: Verify the accuracy of the corrected data by

comparing it with known control points, if available.

5.8 Data Analysis:

  Quality Check: Conduct a thorough quality check of the
collected data to ensure it meets the project’s accuracy
requirements.
 Analysis: Analyze the corrected data based on the project’s
objectives. This may involve creating maps, models, or other
relevant outputs.

5.9 Reporting:
 Documentation: Document the data collection process,
including equipment used, procedures followed, and any issues
encountered.
 Drawings presentation: Present the drawings that are required

for the surved area

EX: slope drawings
Topo map
Contour maps
Earthwork
Road profile
Water shed drawing etc

6-VECTOR DATA:
Vector data is a fundamental type of spatial data used in
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to represent real-world
features. It models geographical features as collections of points, lines,
and polygons, each associated with a unique identifier and an array of
attribute data. Here's a detailed look at vector data:
6.1 Points:
 Definition: Points represent specific locations on the Earth's

surface.
 Examples: Cities, landmarks, and individual trees.

 Usage: Points are used when the feature is too small to be

represented as a line or polygon.

6.2 Lines:
 Definition: Lines represent linear features that have length but no
 width.
 Examples: Roads, rivers, and pipelines.

 Usage: Lines are used to represent features that are linear in

nature and often connect multiple points.

6.3 Polygons:
 Definition: Polygons represent areas with defined boundaries.

 Examples: Lakes, forests, and property boundaries.

 Usage: Polygons are used to represent features that cover an area

and have a closed boundary.

6.4 Attributes:
 Definition: Attributes are additional information associated with

vector features.
 Examples: Population for cities, length for roads, and area for

lakes.
 Usage: Attributes provide more context and details about the

vector features, allowing for richer analysis and visualization.

6.5 Advantages of Vector Data:

 Precision: Vector data provides a high level of detail and

precision, making it suitable for applications requiring exact

locations and boundaries.
 Efficiency: It allows for efficient querying and analysis, such as

finding the closest hospital or calculating the average income in a

neighborhood.
 Complexity: Vector data can represent complex geographic

entities and supports detailed geographical analysis.

6.6 Disadvantages of Vector Data:

 Complexity: Vector data can be complex and require significant

storage, especially for large datasets.

 Processing Power: It may require more processing power for

queries and analysis compared to raster data.

6.7 Applications of Vector Data:

 Cadastral Mapping: Representing property boundaries and land

parcels.
 Network Analysis: Analyzing transportation networks, utility
networks, and communication networks.
 Environmental Studies: Mapping habitats, land use, and natural
resources.
 Urban Planning: Planning infrastructure, zoning, and
development projects
7- CONCLUSION:

7.1-OVERVIEW OF SURVEYING OF LORDS INSTITUTE

OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY:

LIET fall under the coordinates of Q-44 where the college area is
calculated and points are marked using the “DIFFERENTIAL
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM”
As the 30 hours advanced surveying program camp was
initiated from 19-10-2024 to 30-10-2024 where we used DGPS first
to calculate the institution area and then found the coordinate points
of the various blocks and labs
Where we started from the football ground and by placing two
temporary bench marks in the backside of ELECTRICAL LAB
By the end of DGPS survey we used the basic
and advanced software such as AUTOCAD AND CIVIL 3D where
we have generated different drawings such as the watershed
management , contour data , topo maps etc.

At the end of the survey we have place two permanent bench marks
at terrace of main block and first year block for future references for
any construction work .
At the end of the survey we found out that the calculated
college area was 9 acre and 5 guntas .under the mentorship and
guidance Mr. md Tabrez pasha sir.( govt licenced surveyour).
8- VISUAL AIDS: