Solution

CHEM ICSE 10 AMMONIA

Class 10 - Chemistry

1.
(d) CaO
Explanation:
CaO

2.
(b) Nitride
Explanation:
Nitride

3.
(d) It can be dried by P2O5, H2SO4 and CaCI2.
Explanation:
Ammonia gas is basic and cone. H2SO4 is an acid thus it will react to form white fumes of (NH 4 ) 2 SO4 ⋅ P2 O5 and CaCl
2

also react with ammonia, hence cannot be used for drying it.
2NH 3 + H2 SO4 ⟶ (NH 4 ) SO4
2

P2 O5 + 6NH 3 + 3H2 O ⟶ 2(NH 4 ) PO 4

3

CaCl2 + 8NH 3 ⟶ CaCl2 .8NH 3

4.
(c) a polar molecule
Explanation:
a polar molecule

5.
(b) Potassium chloride
Explanation:
Potassium chloride

6.
(c) Ammonia
Explanation:
Ammonia

7.
(c) K2HgI4
Explanation:
K2HgI4

8.
(c) it has high vapour pressure
Explanation:
The vapour pressure of ammonia at room temperature is very high and hence the ammonia will evaporate unless the vapour
pressure is decreased. Cooling decreases the vapour pressure so that the liquid remains in the same state. Hence, the bottle is
cooled before opening.

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 9.
(c) has a high heat of vaporisation
Explanation:
Ammonia is a clear liquid that boils at a temperature of -28oF. In refrigeration, the liquid is stored in closed containers under
pressure. When the pressure is released, the liquid evaporates rapidly, generally forming an invisible vapour or gas. This why
ammonia is used in refrigeration.

10. (a) it has high heat of evaporation

Explanation:
it has high heat of evaporation
11.
(c) Magnesium nitride
Explanation:
Magnesium nitride

12.
(c) O2
Explanation:
O2

13. Because acidic drying agents such as conc. H2SO4, P2O5 or CaCl2 reacts with ammonia.
14. Its solubility decreases with an increase in temperature.
15. Ammonium chloride
16. Ammonia (NH3) is a covalent compound therefore in the absence of ions, dry or liquid ammonia has no effect on litmus.
17. Hydrogen sulphide
18. Ammonia and air
19. Nessler's reagent
20. Aqueous solution of HCl is acidic and neutralises bases or alkalies and turns blue litmus to red.
Aqueous solution of ammonia is alkaline and turns red litmus to blue.
21. Because on heating, ammonium nitrate decomposes explosively with the formation of nitrous oxide and water.
22. This is because tap water contains chloride ions dissolved in water which react with AgNO3 solution to give a white precipitate of
AgCl.
23. Hydroxyl ion [OH-] other than ammonium ion. Red litmus turns blue or phenolphthalein indicator turns pink in this solution.
200−900 atm

24. N2 + 3H2 ⇌
o
2NH3
450− 500 C

Fe+Mo

25. Ammonium hydroxide of metals when added to the aqueous solution of their salts give precipitate of distinct colours. For
example:
FeSO4 + 2NH4OH → Fe(OH) ↓ + (NH4)2SO4
2

(Dirty green PPt.)

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH → Pb(OH)

2
↓ + 2NH4NO3
(Chalky white PPt.)

26. i. When mixture of calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride are heated, ammonia (NH3) is evolved. The following reaction
takes place
Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl ⟶ CaCl2 + 2NH3 (g)↑ + 2H2O
ii. When mixture of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride are heated, nitrogen (N2) gas is evolved.
The following reaction takes place.
NaNO2 + NH4Cl ⟶ NaCl + N2 (g)↑ + 2H2O
27. i. The solution of ammonia is alkaline towards litmus.
ii. The solution of ammonia precipitates insoluble metal hydroxide.

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28. When we add ammonium hydroxide drop by drop a pale blue precipitate is formed which gets dissolved in excess.
CuSO4 + 2NH 4 OH ⟶ Cu(OH)2 ↓ + (NH 4 ) SO4
2
Copper hydroxide

(pale blue ppt)

Cu(OH)2 (NH4)2 SO4 + 2NH4OH ⟶ [Cu (NH 3 ) ] SO4

4
+ 4H2O
Tetraamine copper sulphate

(soluble deep blue complex

in solution)

29. i. Hydrogen chloride is denser than ammonia. It is collected by upward displacement of air.
ii. N H 3 + HC l → N H Cl 4
ammonia gas hydrogen Ammonium
C hloride C hloride
gas (white solid)

30. Alkaline pungent smelling NH3 gas is evolved.

2Al + N2 → 2AlN
2AlN + 6H2O → 2Al(OH)3 + 2NH3 ↑
31. i. Catalyst used - Iron (Fe)
ii. Promoter - Molybdenum (Mo)
iii. Temperature - 450-500oC
iv. Pressure - 200-1000 atm
32. The products formed when ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is mixed with sodium nitrite and the mixture is heated are sodium
chloride, nitrogen gas and water (steam).
Heat

NH4Cl + NaNO2 −−→ NH4NO2 + NaCl

Heat

NH4NO2 −−→ N2 ↑ + 2H2O ↑

Heat

NH4Cl + NaNO2 −−→ NaCl + 2H2O ↑ + N2

H2 O

33. i. NH3 −−→ NH4OH

ii. NH3 + HCl ⟶ NH4Cl
iii. NH3 + 3Cl2 ⟶ NCl3 + 3HCl
34. i. Haber's process.
ii. Nitrogen and hydrogen are taken in the ratio 1:3 by volume.
iii. (b) At a temperature lower than 450oC, the reaction slows down and yield of ammonia will decrease. At a temperature above
450oC, the ammonia formed would decompose to give nitrogen and hydrogen.
35. Three chemical properties which show reducing property of ammonia.
i. 2NH3 + 3PbO ⟶ 3Pb + 3H2O + N2 ↑
ii. 2NH3 + 3CuO ⟶ 3Cu + 3H2O + N2 ↑
iii. NH3 + 3Cl2 ⟶ 3HCl + NCl3

36. i. In an ammonia molecule, there is one lone pair of electrons available on the nitrogen atom. This lone pair of electrons leads to
the formation of ammonium ion.
ii. Hydroxide ion (OH-) is formed when ammonia dissolves in water.
iii. It will give a reddish brown precipitate with aqueous FeCl3.
37. i. ammonia salt used in medicine - (NH4)2CO3
ii. ammonia salt used in fertilizers - (NH4)2SO4
iii. ammonia salt used in explosive - (NH4)2NO3
38. i. 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 −
→ CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3 ↑
Δ

ii. Concentrated sulphuric acid reacts with ammonia/form ammonium sulphate or NH3 being basic combines with concentrated
H2SO4/as follow in chemical equation.
2NH 3 + H2 SO4 → (NH 4 )2 SO4
salt

iii. NH3 is highly soluble in water or dissolves in water.

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39. i. Molecular weight of NH4NO3
= 14 + (4 × 1) + 14 + (3 × 16)
= 14 + 4 + 14 + 48
= 80
Percentage of nitrogen in NH4NO3
=
28

80
× 100 = 35%
ii. Nitrogen and oxygen combine to form ammonia under the following conditions:
a. High pressure
b. Low temperature
c. Presence of a catalyst.
iii. Large scale use of ammonia: Manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald's process.
40. Temperature - 450oC-500oC
Catalyst - Finely divided iron
Equation for the Catalysed Reaction - N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
41. Fill in the blanks:
(i) 1. changes
(ii) 1. Downward displacement of air
(iii) 1. alkaline
(iv) 1. Hydrogen chloride
(v) 1. Nitrogen trichloride
(vi) 1. magnesium nitride
42. Identify and name the following:
(i) 1. Chlorine
(ii) 1. Ammonia
(iii) 1. Ammonia
(iv) 1. Ammonia
(v) 1. Ammonia
(vi) 1. Ammonia
(vii) 1. Ammonium dichromate
(viii)1. Nitrogen
43. Give suitable reason for the following statements:
(i) Ammonium nitrite cannot be stored even at room temperature, therefore nitrogen is obtained by heating ammonium
chloride and sodium nitrite.
(ii) It turns red litmus solution blue and it reacts with acids to form salt and water.
(iii)Aqueous solution of ammonia (NH4OH) can precipitate insoluble hydroxide of metals from their salts solutions. Thus, it
is used in analytical analysis of salts in the laboratory.
(iv)Ammonia solution emulsifies fats and grease i.e., breaks down the fat and grease molecules so that they can be removed
without leaving any residue.
(v) Ammonia is present in sewage water because it is produced due to bacterial decomposition of urea (NH2CONH2)
present in urine.
(vi)Ammonia solution is used as a laboratory reagent because ammonia solution, i.e. ammonium hydroxide can precipitate
insoluble hydroxide of metals from their salt solutions (used in analytical chemistry).
(vii)Ammonia is highly or extremely soluble in water, and therefore, it is not collected over water.
(viii)
Liquid ammonia is used as a refrigerant, because it is highly volatile, has a high latent heat of evaporation, and can be
easily liquefied under pressure and low temperature.
44. Write the balanced chemical equation for each of the following:
Δ
(i) 3PbO + 2NH −
3 → 3Pb + N2 ↑ + 3H2O
(ii) 8NH3(g) + 3Cl2(g) → N2(g) + 6NH4Cl(g)

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 △
(iii)2NH Cl(s) + Ca(OH) CaCl2(s) + 2H2O + 2NH3 ↑
4 2
(s) −
→
Slaked lime

(iv)3CuO + 2NH3 → 3Cu + 3H2O + N2

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