ChE 1201, 3101 & 4105
Material & Energy Balance
Lecture on
Mixing and Solution
Sajib Dey
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET)
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
Type 4 Path
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Heat of Solution
∆𝐇𝐬
Pure solute + Pure solvent Solution
(s) or (g) (l)
@T&P @ same T & P @ same T & P
∆𝐇𝐬 = Heat of Solution @ T & P
= H (solution) − [H(Pure solute)+H(Pure solvent)]
@ same T & P for all
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Heat of Mixing
∆𝐇𝒎
Pure component 1 + Pure component 2 Mixture
(l) or (g) (l) or (g) (l) or (g)
@T&P @ same T & P @ same T & P
∆𝐇𝒎 = Heat of Mixing @ T & P
= H (mixture) − [H(Pure comp.1)+H(Pure comp.2)]
@ same T & P for all
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Ideal vs. Non-ideal Solution
❑ For an ideal mixture or solution, the heat of mixing or solution is
negligible.
∆𝐇𝐬 = H (solution) − [H(Pure solute)+H(Pure solvent)] = 0
∴ H (solution) = [H(Pure solute)+H(Pure solvent)] = σ 𝐧𝐢 𝐇𝐢
❑ The ideality assumption works well for nearly all gas mixtures
and liquid mixtures of similar compounds (such as mixtures of
paraffins or of aromatics).
❑ But for aqueous solutions of strong acids or bases or certain
gases (such as hydrogen chloride) or solids (such as sodium
hydroxide)— the heat of solution should be included in energy
balance calculations.
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Heats of Solution and Mixing
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Tabulated Heats of Solution and Mixing
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Ref. State:
Pure solute/solvent
or component @ 25 ℃
Tabulated Heats of Solution and Mixing
Reference state
∴ H (solution) = ∆𝐇𝐬 + [H(Pure solute)+H(Pure solvent)]
= ∆𝐇𝐬 + 0
= − 69.49 kJ/mol HCl solute
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Problem 1
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Ref. State:
Pure solute/solvent
or component @ 25 ℃
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
H-x Diagram
Ref. State:
H2SO4 (l) @ 77 ℉
& H2O (l) @ 32 ℉
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Problem 2
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Adiabatic Mixing
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Adiabatic Mixing
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Adiabatic Mixing
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Adiabatic Mixing
If two feed solutions of known
masses and compositions (𝐦𝟏 , 𝐦𝟐 , 𝐱 𝟏 ,
𝐱𝟐 ) are mixed adiabatically and you
have an H-x chart, you may:
I. Calculate 𝐱𝟑 for the product
mixture from the red-bordered
equation
II. Draw a line connecting the points
on the chart corresponding to the
two feeds
III. Finally, read the enthalpy and
temperature of the product
mixture from the point on the
connecting line for which 𝐱 = 𝐱𝟑
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
[email protected],
[email protected] Problem 3
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution (1)
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution (2)
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Graphical Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
H-xy Diagram
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Problem 4
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
H-xy Diagram
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Solution
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) Sajib Dey, Assistant Professor, Department of ChE
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh [email protected], [email protected]
Sajib Dey
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
[email protected],
Thank You!
[email protected]
Rajshahi University of Engineering &
Technology (RUET)
Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
