Mathematics

PAPER – I
UNIT – I ALGEBRA AND NUMBER THEORY
Group Theory : Groups, Subgroups, Normal Subgroups and Quotient
Groups, Homomorphisms and applications, Permutation groups, Conjugacy and
Class equation, Simple group, Sylow Theorms.
Ring Theory : Rings, Special Classes of rings, Homomorphisms, Ideals and
Quotient rings, Maximal and Prime ideals, Polynomial rings, Principal Ideal
Domain, Unique Factorization Domain.
Field : Field of Quotients of an Integral Domain, Polynomials over the rational
field, Algebraic Extension of Fields: Irreducible polynomials and Eisenstein:
Criterion, roots of Polynomial, Splitting field and its degree of extension, Multiple
roots, Ruler and Compass Constructions, Symmetric function of roots, Solution of
Cubic and Biquadratic Equations.
Number Theory : Integers, g.c.d., Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic,
Euclidean Alogorithm, Arithmetical functions (Euler-function, Mobius function- ),
Dirichlet multiplication, Linear Congruences, Euler-Fermat Theorem, Linear
Diophantine Equations, Fermat’s Theorem, Fermat Little Theorem, Polynomial
Congruence, Lagrange’s Theorem, Chinese Remainder Theorem, Wilson’s Theorem
and Applications.
UNIT –II ANALYSIS –I
Basic Topology : Finite, Countable and Uncountable sets, Metric Spaces,
Topological Spaces, Basis, Closed sets, Open Sets, Limit Points, Properties of
Connected Spaces and Compact Spaces, Heine Boril Theorem.
Sequence and Series : Convergent Sequences, Subsequences, Convergence of
Monotone Sequences, Couchy Sequences, Upper and Lower limits of Sequences,
Bolzano Weirstrass Theorem, Series of non-negative terms, Convergence tests,
Power Series, Couchy Convergence Criterion, Absolute Convergence, Alternating
Series.
Continuity and Differentiability : Properties of Continuous Function,
Continuity and Compactness, Continuity and Connectedness, Discontinuity,
Monotonic functions, Mean Value Theorem, Taylor Series.
Function of Several Variables : Continuity Differentiability, Extreme Values,
Maxima and Minima, Line Integral, Surface Integral, Volume Integral, Applications
of Green’s Theorem, Stokes Theorem and Gauss Theorem.
UNIT – III COMPLEX ANALYSIS
Analytical Functions : Continuity, Differentiability, Couchy-Reimenn
Equations, Analytic Functions, Harmonic Functions.
Bilinear Transformation : Elementary Transformations, Bilinear
Transformation, Mapping by Elementary Functions.
Complex Integration : Couch’s Theorem, Couchy’s Integral Formula,
Maximum Modulus Theorem, Liouville’s Theorem, Morera’s Theorem, Related
Problems.
Singularities and Calculus of residues : Series Expansion, Taylor’s Series,
Laurent’s Series, Zeros of Analytic Function, Singularities, Residues, Councy’s
Residue Theorem, Evaluation of Definite Integrals.
UNIT – IV OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Artificial Variables.
Linear Programming : Simpler Method, Computational Procedure, Use of
Duality in Linear Programming : General Primal-dual pair, Duality Theorems,
Complementary Slackness Theorem, Duality and Simplex Method, Dual Simplex
Method.
Games and Strategies : Two-person-Zero Sum Games, Minimax-Maximin
Principle, Games with Saddle Points, Mixed Strategies, Graphical Solutions,
Dominance Property, Arithmetic Method of nxn Games, General Solution of nxn
rectangular Games.
Transportation and Assignment : General Transportation Problem, Finding
Initial Basic Feasible Solution, Test of Optionality, Transportation Algorithm,
Transhipment Problems.
Mathematical Formulation of Assignment Problem, Method of Solution of
Assignment Problem, Travelling Salesman Problem.
UNIT – V NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Root Finding for Non-Linear Equations : Newton’s Method, Secant Method,
One-point Iteration Method, Multiple Roots, Newton Methods of Non-Linear
Systems.
Interpolation Theory : Finite Differences, Newton’s Forward and Backward
differences, Newton’s Divided differences, Lagrange’s Interpolation, Errors in data
and Forward differences, Hermite Interpolation, Piece-wise linear Interpolation.
Numerical Integration : Newton-cote integration formula, trapezoidal rule,
Simpsons’ rule, Gaussian quadrature, Asymptotic error formulas and their
applications.
Numerical Methods for Ordinary Different Equations : Euler’s Method,
Multistep Methods, Midpoint Method, Trapezoidal Method, Single Step Method and
Runge-Kutta Method.
 PAPER-II
UNIT-I ANALYSIS
Riemann stieltjes integral Existence of the integral, Properties of the integral,
Fundamental theorem of calculus, change of variables in on integral, Differentiation
of integral.
Sequence and series of functions
Uniform convergence of sequence of functions, Cauchy criterion for uniform
convergence, weierstrass test for uniform convergence, uniform convergence and
continuity, uniform convergence and differentiation, construction of continuous
function on the real line which is nowhere differentiable.
Measure Theory Lebesgue outer measure , Properties of outer measure, Measurable
sets, Cantor set, Borel set, and sets, Non measurable sets, Measurable functions,
Properties of measurable functions.
Lebesgue integration and lp spaces comparison of Lebesgue and Riemann integral,
Lebesgue integral of bounded measurable functions over sets of finite measure,
Bounded convergence theorem, Lebesgue integral for nonnegative measurable
function. Fatou’s Lemma, Monotone convergence theorem, lp spaces, essential
supremum of a function, Minkowski and Holder inequalities, Absolute summable
and summable series in a normal linear space completeness in lp.
UNIT-II FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Normed Linear space Linear spaces, Subspaes, Quotient spaces, properties of norm,
Riesz Lemma, Continuity of linear maps, Bounded linear operations, Equivalent
norms, Hahn Banach theorem and its consequences.
44Banach spaces Uniform boundedness principle, closed graph theorem and its
consequences, open mapping theorem and its consequences.
Spaces of Bounded linear functional Duals and transposes, Duals of lp, Lp[a,b],
C[a,b], Weak convergence, weak* convergence, Reflexivity.
Hilbert space Inner product spaces, Orthonormal sets, Gram Schmidt
Orthonormalisation, Bessel’s Inequality, Riesz. Fischer theorem, Projection theorem,
Riesz representation theorem.
UNIT-III LINEAR ALGEBRA
Vectorspace, Subspace, Linear Dependence , Independence, Dimension and Basis ,
Linear Transformation, Range and Kernel, Rank and Nullity, Inverse of Linear
Transformation, Linear Map associated with matrix.
Elementary Row Operations, Rank and Nullity of Matrix, Inverse of a Matr4ix,
Determinants and product of Determinats, Eigen values, Eigen vectors,
Characteristic roots.
Canonical forms, Tringular form, Nilpotent Transformations, Similarity of Matrices,
Quadratic form.
Traces and Transpose, Hermitian, Unitary and Normal Transformation.
UNIT- IV DISCRETE MATHEMATICS-
Logic- Fundamentals of logic, Normal forms, Logical Inferences, Methods of
proof, Mathematical Induction, Rules of Inferences for quantified propositions.
Lattice and Boolean Algebra – Binary relations, Equivalence relations, prset, Lattice,
Hasse Diagram, Algebraic properties of Lattice, Paths and closures, Directed graphs
and adjacency matrix, Boolean Algebra, Boolean functions, Minimization of Boolean
functions.
Recurrence relation –
Generating functions of sequences, Calculating co-efficients of generating functions,
Recurrence relation, solving recurrence relations by substitution and generating
functions. Solution by the method of characteristic roots.
Graph Theory –
Trees and their properties, spanning trees, Binary trees, Euler’s formula,
Euler’s circuits, Hamiltanian Graphs
UNIT – V DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Linear Differential Equations with constant coefficients and variable coefficients,
system of Linear Differential Equations. Laplace Transformation : Linearity of the
Laplace transformation. Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals, shifting
theorems. Differentiation and integration of transforms. Convolution theorem.
Solution of integral equations and systems of differential equations using Laplace
Transformation.
Series Solution of differential equations: Power series method, Bessel, Legendre and
Hypergeometirc equations. Bessel, Legendre functions and their properties . Sturm-
Liouville problem, Orthogonality of eigen functions. Orthogonality of Bessel fuctions
and Legendre polynomials.
Partial Differential Equations of the 1st order. Lagrange’s solution some
special types of equations, their solution, Charpit’s general method of solution.
Partial Differential Equations of second and Higher orders. Classification of linear
partial differential equations of second order. Homogeneous and non-homogeneous
equations with constant colffficients, Monge’s method.
Fourier Series and Fourier Transform, Convergence of Fourier series,
Application of Fourier series and Fourier Transforms to Boundary value problems.
Solution of Laplace equation, wave equation and heat conduction equations.