fly Designation: C586 -19 Standard Test Method for cordance wth intently scoped veto rtermatol tanard ides sna Recommendations nse fy the Noid Trade OrsansatonTecnea Rarer Trade (11) Commie. Potential Alkali Reactivity of Carbonate Rocks as Concrete Aggregates (Rock-Cylinder Method)' This standard sued unde he Hae! designation C586: the numer inmeatly following the designation inistes the year of vigil aclotion ein he case of isn he ye Ks evn, A nie apes ads the year Lt rappel A ‘percep epilon (ites a eos ange since he at tevon ve rapeonl ‘Thi anda has Bon apron for we by agencies of the US. Departmen of Defense: 1. Scope* 11 This test method covers the determination of the expan: sion of a specimen of carbonate rock while immersed in a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at room temperature. ‘The length changes occurring during such immersion indicate the general level of reactivity of the rock and whether tests should be made to determine the effect of aggregate prepared from the rock upon the volume change in concrete 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this, standard. 1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes, that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard. L4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any His the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safes, heaith, and environmental practices and deter ‘mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior 10 use. LS This international standard was developed in accor dance with internationally recognized principles on standard: ication established in she Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recon: ‘mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (BT) Committe. associated with its use 2. Referenced Documents 241 ASTM Standards:* (€294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con- crete Aggregates "This to mth is ur the jruiction of ASTM Commitee CO on Const sed Centee Aggro and ete dec posit of Sebcommiee (COBO on Aspropate Reiter in Conte ren edkionapprved Os. 1,209. Publis Noserber 2019, Originally approved in 1066 Las! posi edion approved 2019 oe CS86-1(3019. BOI oe eferoced ASTM staan, isthe ASTM wie, wasn oro conact ASTM Comer Serice sect asm eg. Foe Anal Bon of AST Stondants me craton flew th sans cent Say apo (€205/C295M Guide for Petrographic Examination of Ag- gregates for Conerete CIOS Test Method for Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates 1D1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable EI7T Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods. 3. Terminology 3.1 For definitions of terms relating to aggregates used in this test method, refer to Descriptive Nomenclature C294, 4, Summary of Test Method 4.1 Small rock cylinders are immersed in 2 solution of NaOH except when removed for determination of length change. The length change of each specimen is periodically determined, 5. Significance and Use 5.1 This test method is intended to give a relatively rapid indication of the potential expansive reactivity of certain carbonate rocks thal may be used as concrete aggregates. The {est method has been successfully used in () research and (2) preliminary screening of aggregate sources to indicate the presence of material with a potential for deleterious expansion when used in concrete 5.2 The test method is intended as a research and screening ‘method rather than as the basis fa specification requirement, Iv is intended to supplement data from field service records, petrographic examinations according to Guide C29S/C295M, and tests of aggregate in concrete according to Test Method cHios, 5.3 Alkalies participating in the expansive reactions with aggregate constituents in concrete usually are derived from the hydraulic cement; under certain circumstances they may be derived from other constituents of concrete or from external Two types of alkali reactivity of aggregates are recognized: (/) alkalisilica reaction involving certain siliceous, 4 Summary of Changes section appears atthe end of this standardfly csa6 - 19 rocks, minerals, and anificial glasses, and (2) alkali carbonate reaction involving dolomite in certain calcitic dolomites, do- lomitic Timestones, and dolastones. This test method is not suilable as 2 means to detect alkali-silica reaction. 6. Apparatus and Reagents 6.1 TN Sodium Hydroxide Solution—Dissolve 40 + | g of reagent-grade sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in distilled water, Uilue to | L and store in a polyethylene boule, 2 Sawing, Drilling, and Grinding Equipment, suitable for preparing test specimens of the dimensions given in Section 8. This will require one oF more rock saws, depending upon the size of the original sample, a drill press equipped with a small diamond core barrel for removing the cylindrical core, and a lap, grinder, or suitable modified lathe for shaping the ends of the specimens. 63 Storage Bottles, approximately 50 10 100-mL capacity with caps and openings of sufficient size to facilitate removal ‘of specimens. The polyethylene bottle shall be selected to ensue that the solution will not be modified by reaction with the material composing the container, including pigments or other additives or by transpiration of phases through the walls ‘of the container. Bottles with wall thickness not less than 0.50 ‘mm and composed of high density polyethylene meeting the requirements of Specification D1248 for materials of Type TI], Class A. are suitable. 6A Lengsh Comparator for convenient and rapid measure ment of lengths of specimens, the comparator shall be of such design as to provide, permit, or include the following charac terisies. One type of comparator which has been found satisfactory is shown in Fig, 1 6.4.1 A positive means of contact with the conical ends of the specimen to ensure reproducible measurement of length. A variety of contact points have been used successfully, Care should be exercised to ensure that when using specimens with conical ends as described in 8.3. contact is made on the end along a circle which is concentric about the long axis of the specimen. If the measuring device is a barrel micrometer it shall have a ratchet stop to produce a constant pressure on the specimen, 6.4.2 A high-grade barrel or dial micrometer graduated to read in 0.001 or 0.002-mm units, and accurate within 0.002 ‘mm in any 0.020-mm range, and within 0.004 mm in any 0.200-mm range. The measuring device should be calibrated ‘throughout its range to determine both periodic and cumulative errors for proper correction of observed data, 6.4.3 A sullicient range to allow for smal differences among ‘gage lengths of various specimens. If care is taken in the fabrication of the specimens, a measuring device with a travel (of not less than 7.5 mm provides ample range in the instrument, and (644 A standard or reference shall be used for checking the measuring device at regular intervals, The bar that serves as a reference for the length comparator shall have an over-all length of 35 + 2 mm, The length of the bar shall be known to fan accuracy of 0,002 mm, The bar shall be fused silica or a steel alloy having a coefficient of thermal expansion not greater than 1.0.x 10° °C. Each end shall be machined to the same shape as that of the rock specimens. Ifa steel alloy is used, it shall be polished (see Note 1). The reference bar shall be placed in the insirument in the same position each time a length ‘measurement is made, The micrometer setting of the measur ing device shall be checked by use of the reference bar at least atthe beginning and end ofthe readings made within a half day ‘when the apparatus is kept in a room maintained at constant temperature, It shall be checked more often when kept in a room where temperature is not constant Nore 1—Stet alloys wih low thermal expansion coeicient should not be feu! weated because they Jose their low ‘coefficient of thermal expansion when so treated 7. Sampling 7.1 Sample the rock in accordance with the applicable requirements of Practice D75/D75M, except that the sample ‘mass of each discernable stratum shall be at least 1 kg, and individual pieces shall be not less than 75 x 75 > 75 mm in 7.2 Sampling should be under the direction of an individual capable of distinguishing differences in lithology. and the sample of rock should be taken to represent only the particular lithology under consideration bearing in mind the limitations and significance of this method as stated in Section 5. Each sample of rock should be in one piece of sullicient size for preparing the necessary test specimens. 7.3 One test specimen will sufficiently represent the sample of rock unless shale seams or other discontinuities are present for the bedding is not discernible. In these cases, prepare and test 3 mutually perpendicular specimens. OF these three specimens. testing shall be continued on that one showing the ‘greatest calculated length change after 28 days of immersion in alkali solution, Discard the remaining (wo, 8, Test Specimens 8.1 Test specimens shall be in the form of right circular cylinders or square prisms with conical or plane parallel ends, unless otherwise specified 8.2 The specimen shall have an over-all length of 35 * 5 mm and a diameter or sides of 9 1 mm for eylinders and prisms respectively. Care shall be exercised in the preparation Of the specimens to avoid alteration of the cylindrical surface by polishing or with materials which will affect the rate of cenity of alkali solution into the rock, 18.3 The included angle of the conical ends shall be approxi= mately 120°, ‘844 Fabricate specimens having flat-end faces in such a ‘manner as 10 ensure thatthe faces are parallel 0 each other and perpendicular to the major axis of the specimen (see Note 2), Nowe faves parallel to each other and perpendicular 10 the major axis ofthe specimen ean he made by turning the specimen na small Tathe and using ool steel to cut the ends 9. Procedure 9.1 Place a position mark on the specimen to permit placing the specimen in the comparator in the same position during subsequent measurementslp ces - 19 Dil to press it Imicrometer shaft Specimen Z Del and tap to attach base plate FIG. 1 A Typical Length Comparator 9.2 Measure the length of the test specimen. 9.3 Immerse the specimen in distilled water at a room temperature in the range of 20 to 27.5°C. 94 At intervals, remove the specimen, blot 1 remove excess surface water and measure until the change in length uring a 24-h water immersion period does not exceed 0.02 4% as calculated in 10.1. The length when in this condition is taken ay the reference length. The reference length is usually achieved alter 1 to 4 days oF immersion 9.5 Immerse the water-saturated specimens in a botle containing a minimum of 35 mL of IN NaOH solution per specimen at room temperature and seal. Immerse no more than ‘ovo specimens in a bottle, 9.6 Measure the length of the specimens afier 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of immersion in NaOH solution and at 4-wee imervals thereafter. Ifthe tests continue beyond I year, make intervals,fly c586- 19 9.7 When measurements are made, remove the specimen from the bottle, rinse with distilled water, blot to remove excess surface water and determine its length in the same position as during the initial measurement 9.8 After measurement, immediately return the specimen to the boitle and reseal 9.9 Replace the solution every 6 months during the testing period 10, Calculation 10.1 Calculate the length change to the nearest 0.01 % of the reference length as follows: a= [th= 104} 100 a 4% length change at test age, length in mm (in) at test age, and y= reference length after equilibrium in water, as outlined in 94. 11, Report 11.1. Report the following: H1.ALL Identification number, 11.1.2 Type and source of rock. 11.1.3 Specimen shape and dimensions if other than right circular eylinder, 11.1.4 Length change in percent to the nearest 0.01 % at each time of measurement. Where no times of measurement are specifically requested, data should be presented for at least the following ages: I, 4, 8, and [6 weeks and the age at the final ‘measurement 1.1.5 Significant features revealed by examination of specimen during and after storage in alkali solution, such as cracking, warping, splitting, etc., and 11.1.6 Other significant information as deemed necessary, such as petrographic and chemical analyses. 12, Preci 12.1 Precision: 12.1.1 IF the results of replicate specimens measured by the same operator and which presumably represent the same n and Bias material, differ by more than 0.10 percentage point for expan- sions less than 1.0 %, it is highly probable that the specimens represent rocks that’ are significantly different in chemical composition, texture, or both 12.1.2 The single-operator. single-comparator, single- specimen precision has been found to be 0.02 perceniage point (38) as defined in Practice E177. 12.1.3 The multi-operator, single-comparator, single- specimen precision has een found 10 be 0.03 perceniage point (35) as defined in Practice E177. 12.1.4 The multi-operator, multi-comparator, single- specimen precision has been found to be +0.05 perceniage point (3S) as defined in Practice E177. 12.15 Ina single laboratory, single operator study of the range of expansion of pairs of rock cylinders from 29 samples of rock from a single quarry (each pair of cylinders cut from a different sample block approximately 75 x 75 x 50mm in size), the following data were found: 12.1.5.1. For pairs of specimens giving average expansion of less than 0.50 %, the average standard deviation was found 0 be 0.0255 %'; therefore, the difference in expansion between pairs of cylinders cut from a single block should only exceed 0.072%" one time in twenty when the average expansion is less than 0.50 %: 12.1.5. For pairs of specimens giving average expansion of ‘more than 0.50 “, the average standard deviation was found to be 0.095 %*; therefore, the difference in expansion between pairs of cylinders cut from a single block should only exceed 0.269 4" one time in twenty when the average expansion is ‘more than 0.50 % 12.2. Bias—The procedure in this test method for measuring expansion has no bias because the expansion can he defined only in terms of this test method. 13, Keywords 13.1 aggregate; alkali reactivity: carbonate rocks; conerete: deleterious expansion Pracice CD, i APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) xt XI. Since the expansion caused by reactions between cement alkalies and carbonate aggregates is sensitive to subtle changes in aggregate lithology. the results of measurements should be interpreted with full recognition of the variables ‘which would affect the results obtained. The acceptance or rejection of aggregate sources based solely on the results of this test is not recommended since, in commercial production, expansive and nonexpansive materials may occur in close INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS proximity and the securing of samples adequately representa- tive of the variability of the production of the source is a difficult task and requites the efforts of an individual trained to istinguish differences in lithology. X1.2 The relationship of the test results to the behavior of large quantities of rock from a given source will depend upon the degree to which the petrographic and chemical properties of the rock vary within the source.Aly csas - 19 X1.3 Research results have indicated that the expansive behavior of agaregate in concrete is qualitatively predicted by the resulis of the rock eylinder test. Quantitative prediction of the expansion of concrete containing reactive aggregate de- pends upon (J) the degree of aggregate reactivity, (2) the mount of reactive constituent, (3) the alkali content of the cement, and (4) the environment. Appreciate expansion should indieate the need for further testing. In the light of current knowledge. it appears that expansions in excess of 0.10 % are indicative of chemical reaction and should warrant additional testing preferably in concrete using Test Method C1105. Usually expansive tendencies are evident afier 28 days, of immersion in alkali, however, exceptions to this have been noted. Deleterious expansion of conerete appears to depend tupon the magnitude and rate of aggregate expansion and the time at which it begins: however, quantitative predictions of concrete expansion in service solely from results of this test method are not possible, SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee CO9 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C586-11(2019)) that may impact the use of this standard, (Approved Oct. 1, 2019.) (1) Section 1.3 was added to notify users that notes and footnotes are non-mandatory. ASTI ntorationsl takes no poston respecting the vlc cf any patent hs asserted in connecon wih any em mentioned ‘nn stand. 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