Gate-2025 Mechanical Engineering Syllabus (IIT Roorkee)
ME | Mechanical Engineering
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra; Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, limit, continuity and differentiability, mean value
theorems, indeterminate forms; evaluation of definite and improper integrals; double and
triple integrals; partial derivatives, total derivative, Taylor series (in one and two variables),
maxima and minima, Fourier series; gradient, divergence and curl, vector identities,
directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals, applications of Gauss, Stokes and
Green's theorems.
Differential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear); higher order linear
differential equations with constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equation; initial and boundary
value problems; Laplace transforms; solutions of heat, wave and Laplace's equations.
Complex Variables: Analytic functions; Cauchy-Riemann equations; Cauchy's integral theorem
and integral formula; Taylor and Laurent series.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability, sampling theorems, conditional
probability; mean, median, mode and standard deviation; random variables, binomial, Poisson
and normal distributions.
Numerical Method: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations;
integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rules; single and multi-step methods for differential
equations.
Section 2: Applied Mechanics and Design
Engineering Mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; friction and its
applications including rolling friction, belt-pulley, brakes, clutches, screw jack,
wedge, vehicles, etc.; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of
rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and
energy formulations; Lagrange's equation.
Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr's
circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending
moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; concept of shear centre; deflection
of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler's theory of columns; energy methods;
thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with universal
testing machine; testing of hardness and impact strength.
Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane
mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels
and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope,
Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, effect of
damping, vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts.
Machine Design: Design for static and dynamic loading, failure theories; fatigue
strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such
as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact
bearings, brakes and clutches, springs.
Section 3: Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences
Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, forces on submerged bodies,
stability of floating bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and
energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum;
Bernoulli's equation; dimensional analysis, viscous flow of incompressible fluids,
boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in
pipes, bends and fittings; basics of compressible fluid flow.
Heat Transfer: Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance
concept and electrical analogy, heat transfer through fins; unsteady heat
conduction, lumped parameter system, Heisler's charts; thermal boundary layer,
dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, heat
transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes, effect of
turbulence; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat
transfer, Stefan- Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces,
view factors, radiation network analysis
Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure
substances, behaviour of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of
thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various processes; second law of
thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and
irreversibility; thermodynamic relations.
Applications: Power Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power
cycles, concepts of regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel
and dual cycles. Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration
and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basie
psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity
diagrams, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; steam and gas turbines.
Section 4: Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering
Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase
diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials.
Casting, Forming and Joining Processes: Different types of castings, design of
patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling, riser and gating design.
Plastic deformation and yield criteria: fundamentals of hot and cold working
processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling. extrusion, drawing) and sheet
(shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes, principles of powder
metallurgy. Principles of welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding.
Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Mechanics of machining, basic machine
tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life
and wear, economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining
processes; principles of work holding, jigs and fixtures; abrasive machining
processes; NC/CNC machines and CNC programming.
Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular
measurements; comparators; interferometry, form and finish measurement;
alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly;
concepts of coordinate-measuring machine (CMM).
Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their
integration tools; additive manufacturing.
Production Planning and Control: Forecasting models, aggregate production
planning, scheduling. materials requirement planning; lean manufacturing.
Inventory Control: Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems.
Operations Research: Linear programming, simplex method, transportation,
assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM.
Gate-2025 Engineering Science Syllabus (IIT Roorkee)
XE-A | Engineering Mathematics (Compulsory for all XE Candidates)
Section 1: Linear Algebra; Algebra of real matrices: Determinant, inverse and rank
of a matrix, System of linear equations (conditions for unique solution, no solution
and infinite number of solutions); Eigen values and eigen vectors of matrices,
Properties of eigen values and eigen vectors of symmetric matrices,
diagonalization of matrices, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
Section 2: Calculus; Functions of Single Variable: Limit, indeterminate forms and
L'Hospital's rule: Continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems, Maxima
and minima; Taylor's theorem; Fundamental theorem and mean value theorem of
integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals; Applications of
definite integrals to evaluate areas and volumes (rotation of a curve about an
axis).
Functions of Two Variables: Limit, continuity and partial derivatives; Directional
derivative, Total derivative; Maxima, minima and saddle points; Method of
Lagrange multipliers; Double integrals and their applications
Sequences and Series: Convergence of sequences and series; Tests of convergence
of series with non-negative terms (ratio, root and integral tests); Power series;
Taylor's series; Fourier Series of functions of period 2 π .
Section 3: Vector Calculus; Gradient, divergence and curl; Line integrals and
Green's theorem.
Section 4: Complex variables; Complex numbers, Argand plane and polar
representation of complex numbers; De Moivre's theorem, Analytic functions;
Cauchy-Riemann equations.
Section 5: Ordinary Differential Equations; First order equations (linear and
nonlinear); Second order linear differential equations with constant coefficients:
Cauchy-Euler equation; Second order linear differential equations with variable
coefficients; Wronskian, Method of variation of parameters; Eigen value problem
for second order equations with constant coefficients; Power series solutions for
ordinary points.
Section 6: Partial Differential Equations; Classification of second order linear partial
differential equations, Method of separation of variables: One dimensional heat
equation and two-dimensional Laplace equation.
Section 7: Probability and Statistics; Axioms of probability, Conditional probability:
Bayes Theorem Mean, variance and standard deviation of random variables,
Binomial. Poisson and Normal distributions; Correlation and linear regression
Section 8: Numerical Methods; Solution of systems of linear equations using LU
decomposition, Gauss elimination method; Lagrange and Newton's interpolations,
Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations by Newton-Raphson method;
Numerical integration by trapezoidal rule and Simpson's rule; Numerical solutions
of first order differential equations by explicit Euler's method.
XE-B | Fluid Mechanics
Section 1: Flow and Fluid Properties; Fluid Properties: Density, viscosity, surface
tension, relationship between stress and strain-rate for Newtonian fluids.
Classification of Flows: Viscous versus inviscid flows, incompressible versus
compressible flows, internal versus external flows, steady versus unsteady flows,
laminar versus turbulent flows, 1-D, 2-D and 3-D flows, Newtonian versus non-
Newtonian fluid flow. Hydrostatics: Buoyancy, manometry, forces on submerged
bodies and its stability.
Section 2: Kinematics of Fluid Motion; Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of fluid
motion. Concept of local, convective and material derivatives. Streamline,
streakline, pathline and timeline.
Section 3: Integral Analysis for a Control Volume; Reynolds Transport Theorem
(RTT) for conservation of mass, linear and angular momentum.
Section 4: Differential Analysis Differential equations of mass and momentum for
incompressible flows. Inviscid flows - Euler equations and viscous flows - Navier-
Stokes equations. Concept of fluid rotation, vorticity, stream function and
circulation. Exact solutions of Navier-Stokes equations for Couette flow and
Poiseuille flow, thin film flow.
Section 5: Dimensional Analysis; Concept of geometric, kinematic and dynamic
similarity. Buckingham Pi theorem and its applications. Non-dimensional
parameters and their physical significance - Reynolds number, Froude number and
Mach number.
Section 6: Internal Flows; Fully developed pipe flow. Empirical relations for laminar
and turbulent flows: friction factor, Darcy-Weisbach relation and Moody's chart.
Major and minor losses.
Section 7: Bernoulli's Equation and its Applications, Potential Flows; Bernoulli's
Equation: Assumptions and applications. Flow measurements - Venturi meter, Pitot-
static tube and orifice meter. Elementary Potential Flows: Velocity potential
function. Uniform flow, source, sink and vortex, and their superposition for flow
past simple geometries.
Section 8: External Flows; Prandtl Boundary Layer Equations: Concept and
assumptions. Boundary Layer Characteristics: Boundary layer thickness,
displacement thickness and momentum thickness. Qualitative idea of boundary
layer separation, streamlined and bluff bodies, and drag and lift forces.
XE-D | Solid Mechanics
Section 1: Mechanics of rigid bodies:
Equivalent force systems; free-body diagrams; equilibrium equations; analysis of
determinate trusses and frames; friction; principle of minimum potential energy;
particle kinematics and dynamics; dynamics of rigid bodies under planar motion;
law of conservation of energy; law of conservation of momentum.
Section 2: Mechanics of deformable bodies;
Stresses and strains; transformation of stresses and strains, principal stresses and
strains; Mohr's circle for plane stress and plane strain; generalized Hooke's Law;
elastic constants; thermal stresses; theories of failure.
Axial force, shear force and bending moment diagrams; axial, shear and bending
stresses; combined stresses; deflection (for symmetric bending); torsion in circular
shafts; thin-walled pressure vessels; energy methods (Castigliano's theorems);
Euler buckling.
Section 3: Vibrations;
Free vibration of undamped single degree of freedom systems.
XE-E | Thermodynamics
Section 1: Basic Concepts;
Continuum and macroscopic approach; thermodynamic systems (closed and open);
thermodynamic properties and equilibrium; state of a system, state postulate for
simple compressible substances, state diagrams, paths and processes on state
diagrams; concepts of heat and work, different modes of work; zeroth law of
thermodynamics; concept of temperature.
Section 2: First Law of Thermodynamics;
Concept of energy and various forms of energy; internal energy, enthalpy; specific
heats; first law applied to elementary processes, closed systems and control
volumes, steady and unsteady flow analysis.
Section 3: Second Law of Thermodynamics;
Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics, concepts of heat engines and heat
pumps/refrigerators, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence;
reversible and irreversible processes; Carnot cycle and Carnot principles/theorems;
thermodynamic temperature scale; Clausius inequality and concept of entropy,
microscopic interpretation of entropy, the principle of increase of entropy, T-s
diagrams; second law analysis of control volume; availability and irreversibility;
third law of thermodynamics.
Section 4: Properties of Pure Substances;
Thermodynamic properties of pure substances in solid, liquid and vapor phases;
PVT behaviour of simple compressible substances, phase rule, thermodynamic
property tables and charts, ideal and real gases, ideal gas equation of state and
van der Waals equation of state; law of corresponding states, compressibility
factor and generalized compressibility chart.
Section 5: Thermodynamic Relations;
TdS relations, Helmholtz and Gibbs functions, Gibbs relations, Maxwell relations,
Joule-Thomson coefficient, coefficient of volume expansion, adiabatic and
isothermal compressibility, Clapeyron and Clapeyron-Clausius equations.
Section 6: Thermodynamic Cycles;
Carnot vapor cycle, ideal Rankine cycle, Rankine reheat cycle, air-standard Otto
cycle, air-standard Diesel cycle, air- standard Brayton cycle, vapor-compression
refrigeration cycle,
Section 7: Ideal Gas Mixtures;
Dalton's and Amagat's laws, properties of ideal gas mixtures, air-water vapor
mixtures and simple thermodynamic processes involving them; specific and relative
humidities, dew point and wet bulb temperature, adiabatic saturation temperature,
psychrometric chart.
UPSC IES (ESE) Exam Pattern
Stage-I: Preliminary Examination (Objective Papers)
STAGE-I PAPER TYPE DURATION MARKS
PAPER-I GENERAL STUDIES AND ENGINEERING APTITUDE 02 HOURS 200
PAPER-II ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE (CE/ ME/ EE/ E&T) 03 HOURS 300
TOTAL MARKS 500
Stage-II: Main Examination (Conventional Papers)
STAGE-II PAPER TYPE DURATION MARKS
PAPER-I ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE 03 HOURS 300
(CE/ ME/ EE/ E&T)
PAPER-II ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE 03 HOURS 300
(CE/ ME/ EE/ E&T)
TOTAL MARKS (MAIN) 600
TOTAL MARKS (MAINS + PRELIM) 1100
Stage-III: Personality Test
STAGE-III MARKS
Personality Test 200
STAGE-I+ STAGE-II+STAGE III 1300
UPSC IES (ESE) General Studies and Engineering Aptitudes
Discipline: General Studies and Engineering Aptitude
The standard of paper in General Studies and Engineering Aptitude (Preliminary
Stage-I Examination) will be such as may be expected of an Engineering/Science
Graduate. The standard of papers in other subjects will approximately be that of an
Engineering Degree Examination of an Indian University. There will be no practical
examination in any of the subjects.
General Studies and Engineering Aptitude (Preliminary Examination/Stage-I, Paper
I, Objective type, Common to all Candidates)
1. Current issues of national and international importance relating to social,
economic and industrial development 2. Engineering Aptitude covering
Logical reasoning and Analytical ability 3. Engineering Mathematics and
Numerical Analysis 4. General Principles of Design, Drawing, Importance of
Safety 5. Standards and Quality practices in production, construction,
maintenance and services 6. Basics of Energy and Environment:
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, Climate Change,
Environmental impact assessment 7. Basics of Project Management 8. Basics
of Material Science and Engineering 9. Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT) based tools and their applications in Engineering such as
networking, e-governance and technology-based education. 10. Ethics and
values in Engineering profession.
Note: The paper in General Studies and Engineering Aptitude will include
Knowledge of relevant topics as may be expected from an engineering graduate,
without special study. Questions from all the 10 topics mentioned above shall be
set. Marks for each Topic may range from 5% to 15% of the total marks in the
paper.
UPSC IES (ESE) Mechanical Syllabus
Branch/Discipline: Mechanical Engineering
(Contents for syllabi of both the Papers together for Stage-I objective type Paper–II
and separately for Stage-II Conventional type Paper-I and Paper – II)
PAPER – I
1. Fluid Mechanics:
Basic Concepts and Properties of Fluids, Manometry, Fluid Statics, Buoyancy,
Equations of Motion, Bernoulli’s equation and applications, Viscous flow of
incompressible fluids, Laminar and Turbulent flows, Flow through pipes and head
losses in pipes.
2. Thermodynamics and Heat transfer:
Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substance; Zeroth, First
and Second Laws of Thermodynamics; Entropy, Irreversibility and availability;
analysis of thermodynamic cycles related to energy conversion: Rankine, Otto,
Diesel and Dual Cycles; ideal and real gases; compressibility factor; Gas mixtures.
Modes of heat transfer, Steady and unsteady heat conduction, Thermal resistance,
Fins, Free and forced convection, Correlations for convective heat transfer,
Radiative heat transfer – Radiation heat transfer co-efficient; boiling and
condensation, Heat exchanger performance analysis.
3. IC Engines, Refrigeration and Air conditioning:
SI and CI Engines, Engine Systems and Components, Performance characteristics
and testing of IC Engines; Fuels; Emissions and Emission Control. Vapour
compression refrigeration, Refrigerants and Working cycles, Compressors,
Condensers, Evaporators and Expansion devices, other types of refrigeration
systems like Vapour Absorption, Vapour jet, thermo electric and Vortex tube
refrigeration. Psychometric properties and processes, Comfort chart, Comfort and
industrial air conditioning, Load calculations and Heat pumps.
4. Turbo Machinery:
Reciprocating and Rotary pumps, Pelton wheel, Kaplan and Francis Turbines,
velocity diagrams, Impulse and Reaction principles, Steam and Gas Turbines,
Theory of Jet Propulsion – Pulse jet and Ram Jet Engines, Reciprocating and Rotary
Compressors – Theory and Applications
5. Power Plant Engineering:
Rankine and Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat, Fuels and their
properties, Flue gas analysis, Boilers, steam turbines and other power plant
components like condensers, air ejectors, electrostatic precipitators and cooling
towers – their theory and design, types and applications;
6. Renewable Sources of Energy:
Solar Radiation, Solar Thermal Energy collection - Flat Plate and focusing collectors
their materials and performance. Solar Thermal Energy Storage, Applications –
heating, cooling and Power Generation; Solar Photovoltaic Conversion; Harnessing
of Wind Energy, Bio-mass and Tidal Energy – Methods and Applications, Working
principles of Fuel Cells.
PAPER – II
7. Engineering Mechanics:
Analysis of System of Forces, Friction, Centroid and Centre of Gravity, Dynamics;
Stresses and Strains-Compound Stresses and Strains, Bending Moment and Shear
Force Diagrams, Theory of Bending Stresses- Slope and deflection-Torsion, Thin and
thick Cylinders, Spheres.
8. Engineering Materials:
Basic Crystallography, Alloys and Phase diagrams, Heat Treatment, Ferrous and
Non-Ferrous Metals, Non-metallic materials, Basics of Nano-materials, Mechanical
Properties and Testing, Corrosion prevention and control
9. Mechanisms and Machines:
Types of Kinematics Pair, Mobility, Inversions, Kinematic Analysis, Velocity and
Acceleration Analysis of Planar Mechanisms, CAMs with uniform acceleration and
retardation, cycloidal motion, oscillating followers; Vibrations –Free and forced
vibration of undamped and damped SDOF systems, Transmissibility Ratio, Vibration
Isolation, Critical Speed of Shafts. Gears – Geometry of tooth profiles, Law of
gearing, Involute profile, Interference, Helical, Spiral and Worm Gears, Gear Trains-
Simple, compound and Epicyclic; Dynamic Analysis – Slider – crank mechanisms,
turning moment computations, balancing of Revolving & Reciprocating masses,
Gyroscopes –Effect of Gyroscopic couple on automobiles, ships and aircrafts,
Governors.
10. Design of Machine Elements:
Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-
N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as riveted, welded
and bolted joints. Shafts, Spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, Brakes
and clutches, flywheels.
11. Manufacturing, Industrial and Maintenance Engineering:
Metal casting-Metal forming, Metal Joining, Machining and machine tool operations,
Limits, fits and tolerances, Metrology and inspection, computer Integrated
manufacturing, FMS, Production planning and Control, Inventory control and
operations research - CPM-PERT. Failure concepts and characteristics-Reliability,
Failure analysis, Machine Vibration, Data acquisition, Fault Detection, Vibration
Monitoring, Field Balancing of Rotors, Noise Monitoring, Wear and Debris Analysis,
Signature Analysis, NDT Techniques in Condition Monitoring.
12. Mechatronics and Robotics:
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: Architecture, programming, I/O, Computer
interfacing, Programmable logic controller. Sensors and actuators, Piezoelectric
accelerometer, Hall effect sensor, Optical Encoder, Resolver, Inductosyn, Pneumatic
and Hydraulic actuators, stepper motor, Control Systems- Mathematical modelling
of Physical systems, control signals, controllability and observability. Robotics,
Robot Classification, Robot Specification, notation; Direct and Inverse Kinematics;
Homogeneous Coordinates and Arm Equation of four Axis SCARA Robot.
