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Excel Formulas and

Functions

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Full List of Excel Functions and Formulas helps you to understand the
functions with Example Formulas. There are 500+ Excel Functions available in
○ Why Use Excel Functions? the latest version of Excel and counting. You can go to each formula and find
its description and use
• List of Excel Formulas and Functi…
○ Popular Functions Unlock the power of data analysis and manipulation with Excel functions! This
○ Information Functions comprehensive guide equips you with the knowledge to conquer
○ Text Functions spreadsheets like a pro, even if you’re a complete beginner. We’ll delve into
○ Date and Time Functions
○ Logical Functions the essential Excel functions list, categorized for easy understanding, and
○ Lookup and Reference Functions Homeequip Blog the skills to tackle
you with Tutorials Freereal-world 
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○ Math and Trigonometry Functio…
Why Use Excel Functions?
○ Statistical Functions
○ Financial Functions Excel functions are pre-built formulas that automate calculations and data
○ Compatibility Functions manipulation, saving you time and effort. Imagine manually calculating
○ Cube Functions averages or formatting dates across hundreds of cells – functions eliminate
○ Database Functions
this drudgery! But the benefits go beyond efficiency:
○ Engineering Functions Accuracy: Functions minimize errors compared to manual calculations.
○ Web Functions Complexity: Functions can handle advanced tasks beyond basic
○ Conclusion: Mastering the Art … formulas.
Consistency: Functions ensure consistent formatting and calculations
throughout your spreadsheets.

List of Excel Formulas and

Functions
Excel boasts a vast library of functions, but don’t be overwhelmed! We’ll
explore the most essential functions grouped into intuitive categories. Here is
the list of Excel Formulas and Functions. We have included Excel functions,
Description, Syntax. Explained with Example Formulas.

Popular Functions
Home 1. IF: Evaluates
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false. Powerful for building complex decision-making formulas.
2. AND: Returns TRUE only if all specified conditions are true.
3. OR: Returns TRUE if any specified condition is true.
4. SUM: Adds values across a range of cells. A fundamental function for
basic calculations.
5. AVERAGE: Calculates the average of a set of numbers.
6. COUNT: Counts the number of cells containing numbers, text, or logical
values.
7. CONCAT: Combines multiple text strings into a single string. Useful for
merging names, addresses, etc.
8. LEFT: Extracts a specific number of characters from the left side of a
text string.
9. RIGHT: Extracts a specific number of characters from the right side of a
text string.
10. LEN:Counts the number of characters in a text string.
11. TODAY: Returns the current date.
12. VLOOKUP: Searches for a specific value in a leftmost column and
returns a corresponding value from another column in the same row. A
workhorse for lookups across worksheets.
13. INDEX & MATCH: A powerful combination for flexible lookups within
your spreadsheets.
14. COUNTIF: Counts the number of cells meeting a specific criteria.
15. SUMIF: Sums the values in a range based on a specific condition.
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Get to Know Your Spreadsheet Better with Information Functions! These
tools reveal details about cells, formatting, and workbook properties.
Whether you need to check a cell’s data type (ISNUMBER, ISTEXT) or access
workbook information (INFO), these functions provide valuable insights into
the inner workings of your spreadsheet.

Reveal details about cells, formatting, and workbook properties.

Become a Spreadsheet Detective: Information Functions act as your
eyes and ears, revealing hidden details about your data.
Cell Secrets Exposed: Uncover cell formatting, data types, and location
with the CELL function.
Workbook Wisdom: Get the inside scoop on your workbook using INFO,
like the number of sheets or protection status.
Data Type Discrimination: Distinguish between blank cells (ISBLANK),
numbers (ISNUMBER), or text (ISTEXT) for cleaner formulas.

Function Description Syntax and Formula

CELL The CELL Syntax: CELL(info_type,

function [reference])
returns
information Formula:
about the CELL(“filename”,A1)This
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formatting, example returns the file name
location, or of the workbook containing
contents of a the cell A1.
cell.

The
ERROR.TYPE Syntax:
function ERROR.TYPE(error_val)
returns a
Formula:
number that
ERROR.TYPE ERROR.TYPE(#VALUE!)This
corresponds to
will return the number 2,
a specific error
which corresponds to the
value in
#VALUE! error.
Microsoft
Excel.

INFO Description:The Syntax: INFO(type)

INFO function
is an Formula: INFO(“numfile”)This
information example returns the number
function in of currently open files.
Excel that
returns
information
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about the
operating
environment.

Syntax: ISBLANK(value)
The ISBLANK
function in Formula: ISBLANK(A1)This
ISBLANK Excel checks if formula will return TRUE if
a cell is empty cell A1 is empty, and FALSE if
or not. it is not.

ISERR The ISERR Syntax: ISERR(value)

function in
Microsoft Excel Formula: ISERR(A1)In this
is a logical example, the ISERR function
function that will return TRUE if the value
returns TRUE in cell A1 is an error value,
when the value and FALSE if it is not.
provided is an
error value
other than
#N/A, and
FALSE when
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the value is not
an error value.

The ISERROR
function is
used to check Syntax: ISERROR(value)
ISERROR if a value is an
Formula: ISERROR(A1)
error and
returns either
TRUE or FALSE.

The ISEVEN
function is Syntax: ISEVEN(number)
used to
Formula: ISEVEN(2) will
ISEVEN determine
return TRUE because 2 is an
whether a
even number.
number is even
or odd.
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The
ISFORMULA
function in
Excel is used to Syntax: ISFORMULA(cell)
check if a cell
contains a Formula: To check if cell A1
ISFORMULA formula. It contains a formula, the
returns TRUE if following formula can be
the cell used:=ISFORMULA(A1)
contains a
formula and
FALSE if it does
not.

The ISLOGICAL
function is Syntax: ISLOGICAL(value)
used to check
ISLOGICAL if a value is a Formula: ISLOGICAL(TRUE)
logical value returns TRUE
(TRUE or
FALSE).

ISNA The ISNA Syntax: ISNA(value)

function in
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Excel is used to Formula: ISNA(A1)If A1
check whether contains the #N/A error value,
a given value is then the ISNA function will
the #N/A error return TRUE. Otherwise, it will
value. return FALSE.

The
ISNONTEXT
function is Syntax: ISNONTEXT(value)
used to check
Formula:
if a value is not
ISNONTEXT ISNONTEXT(“Hello”)This will
text. It returns
return FALSE as “Hello” is
TRUE if the
text.
value is not text
and FALSE if it
is text.
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The ISNUMBER Syntax: ISNUMBER(value)
function is
Formula: ISNUMBER(A1) will
used to
ISNUMBER return TRUE if A1 contains a
determine if a
number, and FALSE if A1 does
value is a
not contain a number.
number or not.

The ISODD
function is
used to check Syntax: ISODD(number)
if a number is
odd. It returns Formula: ISODD(3)This will
ISODD
TRUE if the return TRUE because 3 is an
number is odd odd number.
and FALSE if
the number is
even.

ISOMITTED The Syntax: ISOMITTED(value)

ISOMITTED
function in Formula: ISOMITTED(A1)
Excel checks
whether a
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value is omitted
from a list of
values.

The ISREF Syntax: ISREF(value)

function
Formula: ISREF(A1) returns
ISREF checks if a cell
TRUE if A1 is a valid cell
reference is
reference, FALSE if not.
valid.

The ISTEXT
function is a
built-in
function in Syntax: ISTEXT(value)
Excel that
Formula: ISTEXT(A1)This
checks to see if
ISTEXT formula will return TRUE if the
a cell contains
value in cell A1 is text and
text. It returns
FALSE if not.
TRUE if the
value is text
and FALSE if
not.
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The NPER
function in Syntax: NPER(rate, pmt, pv,
Excel is used to [fv], [type])
calculate the
number of Formula: To calculate the
periods for an number of periods for an
NPER
investment investment of $1000 with a
based on a payment of $50 and an
constant interest rate of 5%:NPER(5%,
payment and a -50, 1000)Result: 20
constant
interest rate.

The NA
function
returns the Syntax: NA()
#N/A error
NA
value, which Formula: NA()
indicates that a
value is not
available.

SHEET SHEET is an Syntax: SHEET(reference)

Excel function
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that returns the Formula: SHEET(A1)This
sheet number would return the sheet
of a reference. number of the cell A1.

Syntax: SHEETS(reference)
The SHEETS
function Formula:
returns the SHEETS(“Sheet1:Sheet3”)This
SHEETS
number of would return the number 3,
sheets in a since the reference includes
reference. three sheets.

TYPE: The
TYPE function Syntax: TYPE(value)
is an Excel
Information Formula: TYPE(A1)If cell A1
function that contains the value “Hello”, the
TYPE
returns a result of the function would
number be 1, indicating that the value
indicating the is a text string.
type of value in
a cell.
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Text Functions

Transform and Cleanse Your Text Data: Text data in your spreadsheets
needs some TLC? Text Functions are your one-stop shop! Whether you need
to combine text strings (CONCATENATE), extract specific characters (LEFT,
RIGHT), or format casing (UPPER, LOWER), these functions offer unparalleled
control over text manipulation and cleaning.

Combine text strings (CONCATENATE).

Extract specific characters (LEFT, RIGHT).
Format casing (UPPER, LOWER).
Clean and format customer data or extract information from text strings.

Function Description Syntax and Formula

The ASC
function in
Microsoft Excel Syntax: ASC(text)
is used to
Formula: ASC(“A”)The result of th
ASC convert a
would be 65, which is the ASCII c
character into
letter A.
its
corresponding
ASCII code.
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The Syntax: ARRAYTOTEXT(array, del
ARRAYTOTEXT [text_qualifier])
function in
ARRAYTOTEXT Excel converts Formula:
an array of ARRAYTOTEXT({1,2,3,4,5},”,”,”‘”)R
values into a ‘1’,’2′,’3′,’4′,’5′
text string.

BAHTTEXT is
an Excel Syntax: BAHTTEXT(number)
function that
BAHTTEXT Formula: BAHTTEXT(12345)Resul
converts a
???????????????????????????????
number to Thai
text.

The CHAR
function Syntax: CHAR(number)
returns the
CHAR character Formula: CHAR(65)This will return
specified by character “A”.
the number
code.
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The CLEAN
function Syntax: CLEAN(text)
removes all
CLEAN non-printable Formula: CLEAN(“Hello!@#$%^&*
characters Result: HelloWorld
from a text
string.

The CODE
function is
used to convert
a text string Syntax: CODE(text)
CODE into a code
Formula: CODE(“A”) returns 65.
with a
corresponding
numerical
value.

CONCAT The CONCAT Syntax: CONCAT(text1, [text2], …

function in
Excel is used to Formula: CONCAT(“Hello “, “Worl
join two or Hello World
more text
strings
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together. CONCAT(A1:A5), concatenated all
Supports information in the RangeA1:A5
Ranges.

The
CONCATENATE
function is Syntax: CONCATENATE(text1, [tex
used to join [text3], …)
CONCATENATE two or more
Formula: CONCATENATE(“Hello”,”
text strings
Result: Hello World
together. Can
not handle
ranges.

The DBCS
function is a
database Syntax: DBCS(database, field, cri
function in
DBCS Microsoft Excel Formula:
that allows you DBCS(“customers”,”name”,”state=
to extract data
from a
database.
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The DOLLAR
function Syntax: DOLLAR(number, [decima
converts a
Formula: DOLLAR(A2, 2)This exam
DOLLAR number to text,
convert the number in cell A2 to te
using a
two decimal places.
currency
format.

The EXACT
function
compares two
text strings and Syntax: EXACT(text1, text2)
returns TRUE if
EXACT Formula: EXACT(“Apple”,”apple”)R
the two strings
FALSE
are exactly the
same, including
case and any
spaces.
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The FIXED
function in
Excel is used to
round a
number to a Syntax: FIXED(number, [decimals
specified [no_commas])
FIXED number of
Formula: FIXED(123.4567,2,TRUE)
decimal places
123.46
and display it
as a text string
with a fixed
number of
decimal places.

LEFT, LEFTB LEFT:The LEFT Syntax: LEFT(text, [num_chars])te

function in text string from which you want to
Excel returns the characters.num_chars: [option
the leftmost number of characters you want to
characters from the left of the text string.
from a text
string. And Formula: :LEFT(“Excel”, 2)Result:
LEFTB returns ExLEFTB:The LEFTB function in Ex
the leftmost returns the leftmost characters fro
string based on the number of byt
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characters Syntax: LEFTB(text, [num_bytes])
based on the text string from which you want to
bytes. the characters.num_bytes: [option
number of bytes you want to extra
the left of the text string.
Example:=LEFTB(“Excel”, 3)Resul

LEN:The LEN
function is
used to count Syntax: LEN(text)
the number of
characters in a Formula: LEN(“Hello World”)Resu
text string. And 11LENBs:Description: The LENBs f
LEN, LENB
LENB returns used to count the number of byte
the number of string.Syntax: LENBs(text)LENBs(
bytes used to World”)Result: 11
represent the
characters in a
text string.
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The Right
function in
Excel returns
the rightmost
characters Syntax: RIGHT(text, [num_chars])
from a text
RIGHT, RIGHTB Formula: RIGHT(“Excel Sheet”,
string. And
5)Result:Sheet
RIGHTB returns
the rightmost
characters
based on the
bytes.

The LOWER
function in Syntax: LOWER(text)
Excel converts
LOWER Formula: LOWER(“EXCEL
all letters in a
FUNCTION”)Result: excel function
text string to
lowercase.

NUMBERVALUE The Syntax: NUMBERVALUE(text,

NUMBERVALUE [decimal_separator], [group_sepa
function
converts a text
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string that Formula: NUMBERVALUE(“$1,234
represents a would return 1234.56.
number to a
number.

The PHONETIC
function is
used to convert
text into
phonetic
pronunciation.
This function is
useful for Syntax: PHONETIC(text)
creating a
PHONETIC Formula: PHONETIC(“Excel”)Resu
phonetic
ELL”
representation
of names or
words, which
can help
differentiate
between similar
sounding
words.
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The PROPER
function is
used to convert
a text string to
proper case, Syntax: PROPER(text)
which means
PROPER Formula: PROPER(“this is a test”)
that the first
Is A Test
letter of each
word is
capitalized and
all other letters
are lowercase.

The REPT
function in
Excel is used to Syntax: REPT(text, number_times
repeat a text
REPT Formula: REPT(“Hello”, 3)Result:
string a
HelloHelloHello
specified
number of
times.

SUBSTITUTE The Syntax: SUBSTITUTE(text, old_tex

SUBSTITUTE new_text, [instance_num])
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function in Formula: SUBSTITUTE(A2,”red”,”b
Excel replaces example would replace all instanc
existing text with “blue” in the text string in cel
with new text in
a provided text
string.

T.TEST T.TEST is a Syntax: T.TEST(array1, array2, tai

statistical type)Array1: The first array or ran
function in dataArray2: The second array or r
Excel that dataTails: The number of tails in th
calculates the either 1 or 2Type: The type of t-te
probability used, either “1” for a paired two-s
associated with test or “2” for a two-sample t-test
a Student’s t- unequal variances
test. It is used
to determine Formula: T.TEST(A1:A10, B1:B10, 2
whether two example would calculate the prob
samples are associated with a two-sample t-te
likely to have unequal variances using the data
come from the A1:A10 and B1:B10.
same two
underlying
populations
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that have the
same mean.

The TEXT
function is Syntax: TEXT(value, format_text)
used to convert
TEXT
a value to text Formula: TEXT(A1,”$#,##0.00″)
in a specific
number format.

The
TEXTAFTER
function Syntax: TEXTAFTER(text, charact
returns the
TEXTAFTER characters Formula: TEXTAFTER(“Hello
after a given World”,”o”)Result: ” World”
character or
characters in a
text string.
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The
TEXTBEFORE
function is a Syntax: TEXTBEFORE(text, delimi
text function in
Microsoft Excel Formula:
TEXTBEFORE
that returns the TEXTBEFORE(“www.example.com
text before a www
specific
character in a
string.

The TEXTJOIN
function Syntax: TEXTJOIN(delimiter, igno
combines the text1, [text2], …)
text from
multiple ranges Formula: TEXTJOIN(“, “, TRUE, B2
and/or strings, example combines the text from c
TEXTJOIN
and includes a B3, and B4, and includes a comma
delimiter you space between each value. The “
specify argument ignores any empty cells
between each range.
text value that
is combined.
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The TEXTSPLIT Syntax: TEXTSPLIT(text, delimiter
function splits
a text string Formula:
TEXTSPLIT into multiple TEXTSPLIT(“Apple,Banana,Orange
parts based on formula will return the result “App
a specified Orange”.
delimiter.

The TRIM
function
removes all Syntax: TRIM(text)
spaces from a
TRIM text string Formula: TRIM(” This is a test “)R
except for is a test”
single spaces
between
words.

UNICHAR UNICHAR is an Syntax: UNICHAR(number)

Excel function
that returns the Formula: UNICHAR(65)This will re
Unicode character “A” in the cell.
character that
corresponds to
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the given
numeric code.

The UNICODE
function is a
built-in
function in
Microsoft Excel Syntax: UNICODE(text)
that returns the
UNICODE
numerical Formula: UNICODE(“A”)Result: 65
value of a
character or
the first
character in a
string.

The UPPER Syntax: UPPER(text)

function in
UPPER Excel converts Formula: UPPER(“Hello World”)Re
all text in a cell HELLO WORLD
to uppercase.
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The VALUE
function
converts a text Syntax: VALUE(text)
VALUE string that
Formula: VALUE(“2”) returns 2
represents a
number to a
number.

VALUETOTEXT Syntax: VALUETOTEXT(value, [fo

is an Excel
function that Formula:
VALUETOTEXT converts a VALUETOTEXT(A1,”$#,##0.00″)Th
numerical will convert the numerical value in
value into a into a text string in the format “$#
text string.

Date and Time Functions

Manage Dates and Times with Ease: Working with dates and times in Excel
can be a breeze with the dedicated Date & Time Functions. Need to know the
current date (TODAY) or extract the year (YEAR) from a date? Perhaps you
want to calculate the difference between two dates (DATEDIF)? These
 functions streamline date and time manipulation for efficient calendar
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Work with dates and times efficiently.
Calculate differences between dates (DATEDIF).
Extract specific components from dates (YEAR, MONTH, DAY).
Automate tasks based on current date and time (TODAY, NOW).

Function Description Syntax and Formula

The DATE function is Syntax: DATE(year, mo

used to create a date
DATE value from individual Formula: DATE(2021,5
year, month, and day date 5/1/2021.
components.

The DATEDIF Syntax: DATEDIF(start

function is a built-in unit)
function in Microsoft
DATEDIF Excel that calculates Formula: To calculate
the number of days, between two dates, th
months, or years be:DATEDIF(A1,B1,”d”)
between two dates.

DATEVALUE The DATEVALUE Syntax: DATEVALUE(d

function in Microsoft
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Excel converts a date Formula: DATEVALUE(
that is stored as text example would return
to a serial number 43831, which is the nu
that Excel recognizes recognizes as January
as a date.

Syntax: DAYS(end_dat

SThe DAYS function Formula:

returns the number DAYS(DATE(2020,10,1)
DAY
of days between two example returns the nu
dates. between October 1st, 2
1st, 2020, which is 30

Syntax: DAYS(end_dat
The DAYS function
returns the number Formula: DAYS(A2,A1)
DAYS
of days between two the start date and A2 c
dates. date.

DAYS360 The DAYS360 Syntax: DAYS360(star

function is used to [method])
calculate the number
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of days between two Formula: DAYS360(A2
dates based on a calculate the number o
360-day year. dates in cells A2 and B

EDATE: The EDATE Syntax: EDATE(start_d

function returns a
date that is a Formula: EDATE(TODA
EDATE
specified number of will return a date that i
months before or current date.
after a given date.

The EOMONTH Syntax: EOMONTH(sta

function returns the
last day of the month Formula: EOMONTH(A
EOMONTH that is a specified contains a date value.
number of months last day of the month 3
before or after a date in A2.
given date.
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The HOUR function Syntax: HOUR(serial_n
returns the hour part
HOUR of a given time, as a Formula: HOUR(A2) re
number between 0 of the time in cell A2.
and 23.

The ISOWEEKNUM Syntax: ISOWEEKNUM

function returns the
ISOWEEKNUM Formula: ISOWEEKNU
ISO week number of
contains a date value.
a given date.

The MINUTE Syntax: MINUTE(seria

function in Excel
MINUTE returns the minute Formula: MINUTE(A2)
component of a the time 10:15 AM. The
given time.

The MONTH function Syntax: MONTH(seria

in Microsoft Excel is
Formula: MONTH(A2)
MONTH used to return the
function will return the
month number from
the date in cell A2.
a given date.
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NETWORKDAYS
Function:The
NETWORKDAYS Syntax: NETWORKDAY
function calculates end_date, [holidays])
the number of whole
Formula: NETWORKDA
NETWORKDAYS working days
example would calcula
between two dates.
working days between
It excludes
A2 and A3.
weekends and
holidays from the
calculation.

Syntax: NETWORKDAY
NETWORKDAYS.INTL end_date, [weekend],
is an Excel function
Formula:
that calculates the
NETWORKDAYS.INTL(
NETWORKDAYS.INTL number of workdays
example calculates the
between two dates,
workdays between the
excluding weekends
with weekends set to S
and holidays.
(11), and holidays in th
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Syntax: NOW()
NOW: This function
returns the current Formula: NOW()This f
NOW
system date and the current date and ti
time. 4:54:00 PM

Syntax: SECOND(time
The SECOND
function returns the Formula: SECOND(A1)
SECOND
second part of a time the time value 09:15:3
value. be 30.

The TIME function is Syntax: TIME(hour, mi

used to construct a
TIME time value from hour, Formula: TIME(14,30,4
minute, and second 14:30:45.
values.

TIMEVALUE The TIMEVALUE Syntax: TIMEVALUE(ti

function is used to
convert a time Formula: TIMEVALUE(
expressed as text return 0.4375.
into a serial number
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that Excel recognizes
as time.

Syntax: TODAY()
The TODAY function
TODAY returns the current Formula: TODAY()This
date. current date in the cel

Syntax: WEEKDAY(ser
[return_type])
The WEEKDAY
function in Excel Formula: WEEKDAY(A
returns a number cell containing a date,
WEEKDAY from 1-7 function will return a n
corresponding to the corresponding to the d
day of the week for a example, if A2 contain
given date. “2/14/2021”, the WEEK
return 4, correspondin

WEEKNUM The WEEKNUM Syntax: WEEKNUM(se

function returns the [return_type])
week number of a
Formula: WEEKNUM(A
return the week numb
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given date in the A1 using the return typ
year. on Sunday).

The Excel WORKDAY Syntax: WORKDAY(sta

function returns a [holidays])
date that is a given
WORKDAY Formula: WORKDAY(D
number of workdays
10)This example return
away from a start
workdays after Januar
date.

Syntax: WORKDAY.INT
The WORKDAY.INTL [weekend], [holidays])
function calculates
Formula: WORKDAY.IN
the date after a
10, 11, A2:A10)This exa
WORKDAY.INTL specified number of
date 10 workdays after
workdays, taking into
taking into account we
account weekends
and Sunday) and holid
and holidays.
cells A2:A10.

YEAR The YEAR function Syntax: YEAR(serial_n

returns a four-digit
year (a number from
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1900 to 9999) given Formula: YEAR(A1) wh
a date value. containing a date valu
be the four-digit year o

Syntax: YEARFRAC(st
The YEARFRAC [basis])
function is used to
calculate the fraction Formula: YEARFRAC(B
YEARFRAC of the year will calculate the fract
represented by the between the dates in c
number of days using the US (NASD) 3
between two dates. basis.

Logical Functions

Make Informed Decisions Based on Conditions: Ever need your spreadsheet

to make decisions based on certain conditions? Enter the world of Logical
Functions! These powerful tools evaluate conditions and return TRUE or
FALSE, allowing you to build complex formulas with branching logic and
control the flow of your calculations.

Evaluate conditions and return TRUE or FALSE.

 Useful for building complex formulas with decision-making capabilities.
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Examples: IF, AND, OR, NOT, XOR

Function Description Syntax and Formula

The AND
function is a
logical function
in Excel that
returns TRUE if
all of the Syntax: AND(logical1, [logical2], …)
AND
conditions that Formula: AND(A1>5,B1<10)
are specified are
true, and returns
FALSE if any of
the conditions
are false.
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UMNBYCOLUMN Syntax: BYCOLUMN(array, [col],
is a function in [ascending])
Microsoft Excel
Formula: BYCOLUMN(A1:C10, 2,
BYCOL that allows users
TRUE)This example will sort the
to sort a range
range A1:C10 by the second column
of data by
in ascending order.
column.

BYROW BYROW is an Syntax: BYROW(array, row_num)

Excel function
that returns an Formula: If the range A1:C3 contain
array of the following numbers:A1: 1A2: 2A3
numbers from a 3B1: 4B2: 5B3: 6C1: 7C2: 8C3:
given range of 9Then the formula BYROW(A1:C3, 2
cells. It takes will return the array {2, 5, 8}.
two arguments:
array and
row_num. Array
is a range of
cells that
contains
numbers, and
row_num is a
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number that
indicates which
row should be
returned.

The FALSE
function in Excel Syntax: FALSE()
is a logical
FALSE Formula: FALSE()This formula will
function that
return the value FALSE.
returns the value
FALSE.

The IF function
in Excel is a
logical function
that allows you Syntax: IF(logical_test, value_if_tru
to make a logical value_if_false)
comparison
IF
between two Formula: IF(A2>B2, “A is greater
values and than B”, “B is greater than A”)
returns a value
based on the
result of that
comparison.
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The IFERROR
function is used
to catch and
handle errors in Syntax: IFERROR(value,
a formula. It value_if_error)
IFERROR tests a value for
an error and Formula: IFERROR(A1/B1, 0)
returns a
different value if
an error is
found.

IFNA: This
function returns
the value you
specify if a Syntax: IFNA(value_if_error,
formula value_if_no_error)
IFNA
evaluates to an
Formula: IFNA(0,A1/A2)
error; otherwise,
it returns the
result of the
formula.
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IFS is an Excel Syntax: IFS(logical_test1,
function that value_if_true1, [logical_test2,
allows you to value_if_true2], …)
test multiple
Formula: IFS(A1=1, “Yes”, A1=2,
conditions at the
IFS “No”, A1=3, “Maybe”)This formula
same time and
will check the value in cell A1 and
returns a value
return “Yes” if it is equal to 1, “No” i
that corresponds
it is equal to 2, and “Maybe” if it is
to the first TRUE
equal to 3.
result.
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The LAMBDA
function in Excel Syntax: LAMBDA(argument1,
is used to create argument2, …, argument_n,
custom expression)Arguments:argument1,
functions. It argument2, …, argument_n: These
allows users to are the arguments that will be used
create their own in the expression.expression: This i
LAMBDA functions that the expression that will be
can be used in evaluated.
formulas. It is a
powerful tool Formula: LAMBDA(x, y, x+y)This
that can be used function adds two arguments (x and
to create y) and returns the sum of the two.
complex
formulas.

The Syntax: MAKEARRAY(value1,

MAKEARRAY [value2], [value3], …)
function creates
MAKEARRAY
a single-column Formula: MAKEARRAY(1,2,3,4)This
array from will return an array of {1;2;3;4}.
multiple values.
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MAP is an Excel
function that
allows you to Syntax: MAP(lookup_value,
map one set of from_array, to_array)
values to
MAP another set of Formula: MAP(2, {1,2,3},
values. It takes {10,20,30})This example would
three arguments: return 20 as the result.
lookup_value,
from_array, and
to_array.

NOT The NOT Syntax: NOT(logical)

function is a
logical function Formula: NOT(TRUE) returns FALSE
in Excel that
returns the
opposite of a
given logical
value. It takes a
single argument
that is either
TRUE or FALSE
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and returns the
opposite.

The OR function
is a logical
function in Excel Syntax: OR(logical1, [logical2], …)
that returns
OR
either TRUE or Formula: OR(A1=”Yes”, B1=”Yes”)
FALSE based on
one or more
conditions.

REDUCE The REDUCE Syntax: REDUCE(function, range[,

function is an initial])
Excel function
that reduces a Formula: REDUCE(SUM, A1:A10,
range of values 0)This example will return the sum
by applying a of the values in the range A1:A10,
given function. It starting with an initial value of 0.
is a dynamic
array function
that can take
multiple values
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and return a
single result.

The SCAN
function
searches for Syntax: SCAN(text, character_set,
specific [start_num], [num_chars])
characters
Formula: SCAN(“Hello World”, ” “, 1
within a text
SCAN 4)The example above will return
string and
“Hello” as the text string from the
returns the text
start position of 1 to the character
string from the
found, which is a space.
start position to
the character
found.

SWITCH The SWITCH Syntax: SWITCH (expression,

function is a value_1, result_1, [value_2, result_2]
logical function … [default])
in Microsoft
Excel that Formula:
evaluates an SWITCH(A1,”A”,1,”B”,2,”C”,3,”D”,4,0)
expression this example, the SWITCH function
against multiple will evaluate the value in cell A1 and
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conditions and return a result based on the
returns a result following conditions:If A1 = “A”, the
corresponding result is 1If A1 = “B”, the result is 2If
to the first A1 = “C”, the result is 3If A1 = “D”,
matching the result is 4If none of the
condition. conditions are met, the result is 0

The TRUE Syntax: TRUE()

function returns
TRUE Formula: TRUE()This formula will
the logical value
return the logical value TRUE.
TRUE.

XOR The XOR Syntax: XOR(logical1, [logical2], …)

function in Excel
returns a logical Formula: XOR(TRUE, FALSE,
exclusive OR of TRUE)This example would return
all arguments. It TRUE.
returns TRUE if
an odd number
of arguments are
TRUE, and
FALSE if an even
number of
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TRUE.

Lookup and Reference Functions

Find What You Need Across Your Spreadsheets: Lost in a sea of data across
different worksheets? Lookup & Reference Functions come to the rescue!
These champions help you retrieve specific data from any location within
your workbook. VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP are masters at searching for values
and returning corresponding information, while INDEX and MATCH offer
ultimate flexibility for customized lookups.

Retrieve data from different parts of your workbook.

Search for specific values and return corresponding information
(VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP).
Use a combination of INDEX and MATCH for flexible lookups.
Reference cells across worksheets for consolidated reports.
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The ADDRESS Syntax: ADDRESS(row_num, colu
function [abs_num], [a1], [sheet_text])
returns a cell
address as Formula:
ADDRESS
text, based on ADDRESS(2,3,4,TRUE,”Sheet1″)Th
a given row example will return the address of
and column (row 2, column 3) on Sheet1 as $C
number.

The AREAS
function in Syntax: AREAS(reference)
Microsoft Excel
Formula: AREAS(A1:B2)This formu
AREAS returns the
return the value 2, since the range
number of
contains two areas.
areas in a
reference.

CHOOSE The CHOOSE Syntax: CHOOSE(index_num, valu

function in [value2], …)
Excel is used to
select one of a Formula: CHOOSE(2, “red”, “blue”
number of “green”)This example would retur
values based as the output.
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on an index
number.

The
CHOOSECOLS
function allows Syntax: CHOOSECOLS(range, [cr
you to select
columns from a Formula: CHOOSECOLS(A1:F10, “
CHOOSECOLS range of cells. example will return an array of co
It returns an numbers from A1:F10 that contain
array of the greater than 50.
selected
column
numbers.

The
CHOOSEROWS Syntax: CHOOSEROWS(list, criter
function
returns an Formula: CHOOSEROWS(A1:A10, “
CHOOSEROWS
array of rows will return an array of rows from A
from a list where the value is greater than 5.
based on a
criteria.
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The COLUMN
function is an Syntax: COLUMN(reference)
Excel function
Formula: COLUMN(A1)This will re
COLUMN that returns the
value 1, since A1 is the first colum
column number
worksheet.
of a given cell
reference.

COLUMNS is a
function in Syntax: COLUMNS(array)
Microsoft Excel
that returns the Formula: COLUMNS(A1:B2)This e
COLUMNS
number of would return 2, since the range A1
columns in a contains two columns.
given array or
reference.

The Syntax: DROPDOWN(list, [selecte

DROPDOWN [input_title], [input_message])
function
DROPDOWN
creates a Formula: DROPDOWN(A1:A5, 2, “S
dropdown list Option”, “Choose an Option”)
in a cell.
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The EXPAND Syntax: EXPAND(reference, row_n
function is column_num)
used to expand
EXPAND
a range of cells Formula: EXPAND(A1,2,2)This wo
from a single expand the range of cells from A1
cell.

The FILTER
function is Syntax: FILTER(array, include, [if_
used to filter a
range of data Formula: FILTER(A2:C10, B2:B10=
based on matches”)This example will return
FILTER supplied values in column A that correspon
criteria. It rows in column B that contain the
returns a “Yes”. If no matches are found, it w
subset of data “No matches”.
that meets the
criteria.

FORMULATEXT The Syntax: FORMULATEXT(reference

FORMULATEXT
function is Formula: FORMULATEXT(A1)This
used to return would return the formula in cell A1
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the formula in a
cell as text.

The
GETPIVOTDATA
function in
Excel is used to
retrieve data Syntax: GETPIVOTDATA(data_field
stored in a pivot_table, [field1, item1, field2, it
PivotTable. It is
GETPIVOTDATA
used to Formula:
reference data GETPIVOTDATA(“Sales”,A2,”Regio
stored in a
PivotTable by
using a
standard cell
reference.

HLOOKUP HLOOKUP is an Syntax: HLOOKUP(lookup_value,

Excel function table_array, row_index_num,
used to look up [range_lookup])
and retrieve
data from a Formula: HLOOKUP(B2,A2:D7,3,FA
row in a table. this example, the HLOOKUP funct
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It searches for searches for the value in cell B2 in
a value in the row of the table (A2:D7). It then re
top row of the corresponding value in the third ro
table and same column. The range_lookup a
returns the is set to FALSE to ensure an exact
corresponding found.
value in the
same column
from another
row.

HSTACK is an
Excel function
that allows Syntax: HSTACK(array1, array2, a
users to
HSTACK Formula: HSTACK({1,2,3}, {4,5,6},
combine two or
returns {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
more arrays
into one single
array.

HYPERLINK The Syntax: HYPERLINK(link_location

HYPERLINK [friendly_name])
function
creates a
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shortcut that Formula: HYPERLINK(“www.goog
jumps to a “Google”)This will create a link to
specific website with the friendly name “G
location in the
current
workbook,
opens a
document
stored on a
network server,
or opens a web
page on the
Internet.

The INDEX
function Syntax: INDEX(array, row_num,
returns a value [column_num])
or reference of
Formula: INDEX(A1:C3, 2, 3)This f
INDEX the cell at the
will return the value at the interse
intersection of
the second row and third column
a particular row
range A1:C3.
and column
within a range.
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The INDIRECT
function
returns a
reference to a Syntax: INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1])
range. It is
INDIRECT Formula: INDIRECT(“A1”) returns t
useful when
of cell A1.
you want to
convert a text
string into a
valid reference.

The LOOKUP
function is
used to look up
a value in a row
or column of Syntax: LOOKUP(lookup_value,
data. It can be lookup_vector, [result_vector])
LOOKUP
used to look up
Formula: LOOKUP(A2,B2:B6,C2:C
a value either
vertically (in a
column) or
horizontally (in
a row).
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Syntax: MATCH(lookup_value,
lookup_array,
[match_type])lookup_value: The v
MATCH is a found in the lookup_array.lookup_
function in range of cells being
Excel that looks searched.match_type: [optional] T
for a specified number -1, 0, or 1. The match_typ
item in a range specifies how Excel matches look
MATCH of cells and with values in lookup_array.
returns the
Formula: MATCH(A1,B1:B10,0)This
relative
looks for the value in cell A1 in the
position of that
cells B1:B10. The match_type is se
item in the
which means that Excel will find a
range.
match for the value in A1. The fun
return the relative position of the v
in the range B1:B10.

OFFSET The OFFSET Syntax: OFFSET(reference, rows,

function [height], [width])
returns a
reference to a Formula: OFFSET(B2, 2, 3, 2, 1)Th
range that is a return the range C4:C5, which is t
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specified and three columns away from cell
number of rows
and columns
from a given
reference cell.

The ROW
function Syntax: ROW([reference])
ROW returns the row
Formula: ROW(A1) returns 1.
number of a
cell reference.

The ROWS Syntax: ROWS(array)

function
returns the Formula: ROWS(A1:B10)This will r
ROWS
number of rows number 10, as there are 10 rows in
in a given array range A1:B10.
or range.

RTD The RTD Syntax: RTD(progID, server, topic

function in [topic2], …)
Excel is used to
retrieve real- Formula: RTD(“MSFTQuote.RTD”,
time data from
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a program that
supports COM
automation.

The SORT
function in
Excel allows Syntax: SORT(array, [sort_index],
users to sort a [sort_order], [by_col])
range of data
SORT by one or more Formula: SORT(A2:D6, 2, 1, TRUE
columns or example will sort the range of dat
rows in either by the second column in ascendin
ascending or
descending
order.

SORTBY The SORTBY Syntax: SORTBY(array, sort_colum

function sorts a [sort_order1], [sort_column2], [so
range of data …)
based on one
or more Formula: SORTBY(A2:F6, 2, 1, 5, -
columns. example will sort the range A2:F6
the values in column 2 in ascendin
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and the values in column 5 in des
order.

TAKE is an
Excel function
that returns a Syntax: TAKE(text,num_chars)
specified
TAKE
number of Formula: TAKE(“Excel”,3)Result: E
characters
from the start
of a text string.

The TOCOL
function Syntax: TOCOL(cell_reference)
returns the
TOCOL
column number Formula: TOCOL(“A1”) returns 1
of a given cell
reference.
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The TOROW Syntax: TOROW(reference)
function
TOROW returns the row Formula: TOROW(A1)This example
number of a the row number of cell A1, which i
reference.

The
TRANSPOSE Syntax: TRANSPOSE(array)
function in
Formula: TRANSPOSE(A1:C3)This
Excel is used to
would take the range of cells from
TRANSPOSE transpose a
and transpose them so that the ro
range of cells
become columns and the columns
from vertical to
rows.
horizontal or
vice versa.

UNIQUE The UNIQUE Syntax: UNIQUE(array, [by_col],

function in [exactly_once])Array: The array o
Excel is used to cells from which to extract unique
return a list of values.By_col: (optional) A logical
unique values specifies whether to return unique
from a list or columns. If set to TRUE, the funct
range. return unique rows; if set to FALSE
function will return unique column
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default value is
FALSE.Exactly_once: (optional) A
value that specifies whether to ret
values that appear exactly once in
or range. The default value is FAL

Formula: UNIQUE(A1:A10)This wil

list of unique values from the rang

VLOOKUP VLOOKUP is an Syntax: VLOOKUP(lookup_value,

Excel function table_array, col_index_num, [rang
used to look up
and retrieve Formula: VLOOKUP(A2, C2:E5, 3,
data from a FALSE)This example looks up the
specific cell A2 in the leftmost column of t
column in a cells C2 to E5 and returns the valu
table. It same row from the third column o
searches for a table.
value in the
leftmost
column of a
table and
returns a value
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in the same
row from
another
column.

The VSTACK
function in
Excel is used to Syntax: VSTACK(array1, array2, [a
stack two or …)
VSTACK
more vertical
Formula: VSTACK(A1:A5, B1:B5)
ranges of data
on top of each
other.

The
WRAPCOLS
function in Syntax: WRAPCOLS(cell_referenc
Microsoft Excel number_of_columns)
WRAPCOLS is used to wrap
Formula: WRAPCOLS(A1, 3)This w
the contents of
the contents of cell A1 across 3 co
a cell across
multiple
columns.
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WRAPROWS is
a Microsoft
Excel function
that allows you
to wrap text in
a cell to Syntax: WRAPROWS(cell_referen
multiple lines.
WRAPROWS
This is useful Formula: WRAPROWS(A1)
when you have
a long text
string that
needs to be
displayed in a
cell.

XLOOKUP XLOOKUP is an Syntax: XLOOKUP(lookup_value,

Excel function lookup_array, return_column_num
that looks for a [not_found], [match_mode], [sear
value in the
first column of Formula: XLOOKUP(A2, B2:E5, 3,
a table array Found”, 0, 1)In this example, the
and returns the lookup_value is A2, the lookup_arr
corresponding B2:E5, the return_column_number
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value from not_found value is “Not Found”, th
another column match_mode is 0 and the search_
in the same
row.

XMATCH: This
function Syntax: XMATCH(lookup_value,
returns the lookup_array, [match_type])
position of a
value in a given Formula: XMATCH(“Apple”, {“Oran
XMATCH
array that “Banana”, “Apple”, “Grape”}, 0)Th
matches a will return 3, since “Apple” is the t
specified value in the array.
in a specified
order.

Math and Trigonometry Functions

Unleash the Power of Mathematical Calculations with Excel’s Math &

Trigonometry Functions. From basic arithmetic like SUM and AVERAGE to
advanced calculations like square roots (SQRT) and trigonometric functions
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Perform basic arithmetic operations (SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT).
Tackle advanced calculations (SQRT, SIN, COS, TAN).
Analyze scientific data and create financial models.
Calculate loan payments and interest rates.

Function Description Syntax and Formula

The ABS function

in Excel returns Syntax: ABS(number)
ABS the absolute
Formula: ABS(-5)Result: 5
value of a
number.

Syntax: ACOS(number)
The ACOS
function returns Formula: To find the arccosine
ACOS the arccosine (in 0.5, the formula would
radians) of a be:=ACOS(0.5)The result wou
number. 1.0471975511966 radians.
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The ACOSH
function returns Syntax: ACOSH(number)
the inverse
ACOSH Formula: ACOSH(3)The result
hyperbolic
this formula is 1.762747174039
cosine of a
number.

The ACOT
function returns Syntax: ACOT(number)
the inverse
ACOT Formula: ACOT(0.5)This form
cotangent
returns 1.10714871779409.
(arccotangent) of
a given number.

The ACOTH
function is an
Excel function Syntax: ACOTH(number)
that returns the
ACOTH Formula: ACOTH(2)This formu
inverse
returns 0.5493061443340548
hyperbolic
cotangent of a
given number.
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Syntax: AGGREGATE(function
options, ref1, [ref2],
The AGGREGATE …)Function_num: This is a num
function is a that specifies the type of func
built-in function be used.Options: This is a num
in Excel that that specifies the options to b
performs used.Ref1, [ref2], …: This is th
AGGREGATE calculations such range of cells that will be used
as sum, count, the calculation.
average, max,
min, product, etc. Formula:
on a range of AGGREGATE(3,6,A1:A10)This
data. formula will calculate the aver
the values in the range A1:A10

The ARABIC
function is used Syntax: ARABIC(text)
ARABIC to convert Roman
Formula: ARABIC(“XVII”) retur
numerals to
Arabic numerals.

ASIN The ASIN Syntax: ASIN(number)

function returns
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the arcsine of a Formula: ASIN(0.5)This will re
given number. the arcsine of 0.5, which is eq
0.5235987755982988.

The ASINH
function returns Syntax: ASINH(number)
the inverse
ASINH Formula: ASINH(2)This formu
hyperbolic sine
returns 1.4436354751788.
of a given
number.

The ATAN
function in Excel
returns the
arctangent of a
given number, Syntax: ATAN(number)
which is the
ATAN Formula: ATAN(1) returns
angle in radians
0.785398163397448
between the x-
axis and a line
from the origin to
the given
number.
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The ATAN2
function returns
the arctangent of Syntax: ATAN2(x_num, y_num
two numbers,
Formula: ATAN2(2, 3)This exa
which is the
returns the arctangent of 2 an
ATAN2 angle between
which is 0.982793723247329
the x-axis and a
radians or 56.3099324740202
line from the
degrees.
origin to a point
in the Cartesian
plane.

The ATANH
function is an Syntax: ATANH(number)
Excel function
Formula: ATANH(0.5)This exa
that returns the
ATANH would return 0.549306144334
inverse
which is the inverse hyperboli
hyperbolic
tangent of 0.5.
tangent of a
number.

BASE BASE is an Excel Syntax: BASE(number, radix,

function that min_length)
converts a
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number from one Formula: BASE(10101, 2, 8)Thi
number base to example would convert the bin
another. It is number 10101 to its decimal
used to convert a equivalent, 21. The min_length
number from one argument is optional and is us
number system pad the result with zeros to th
to another, such specified length.
as from binary to
decimal or from
hexadecimal to
octal.

CEILING: The Syntax: CEILING(number,

CEILING function significance)
rounds a number
CEILING up to the nearest Formula: CEILING(A2,0.1)This
multiple of a formula will round the value in
specified A2 up to the nearest multiple o
number.

CEILING.MATH The Syntax: CEILING.MATH(numb

CEILING.MATH significance, [mode])
function rounds a
number up to the
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nearest integer Formula: CEILING.MATH(4.2,
or to the nearest 1)This example returns 4.5, as
multiple of rounds 4.2 up to the nearest
significance. multiple of 0.5, which is 4.5.

The
CEILING.PRECISE Syntax: CEILING.PRECISE(num
function rounds a significance)
number up to the
CEILING.PRECISE
nearest integer Formula: CEILING.PRECISE(14
or to the nearest 0.1)Result: 14.9
multiple of
significance.

COMBIN is an Syntax: COMBIN(number,

Excel function number_chosen)
that calculates
Formula: If you want to calcul
the number of
COMBIN number of combinations of 5
combinations of
objects taken 3 at a time, the
a given number
formula would be COMBIN(5,3
of objects from a
result of this formula would be
set of objects.
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Syntax: COMBINA(number,
COMBINA: The number_chosen)
COMBINA
function returns Formula: COMBINA(6,3)This
COMBINA the number of example returns the number o
combinations for combinations possible when
a given number selecting 3 items from a set of
of items. items. The result is 20.

The COS Syntax: COS(number)

function returns
COS the cosine of an Formula: COS(PI()) returns -1,
angle given in is the cosine of PI radians.
radians.

The COSH
function in Excel Syntax: COSH(number)
returns the
COSH Formula: COSH(2) returns
hyperbolic
3.7621956910836
cosine of a given
number.
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The COT Syntax: COT(number)
function is used
to calculate the Formula: COT(PI()/4)This exa
COT
cotangent of an would return the cotangent of
angle given in which is equal to 1.
radians.

The COTH
function returns Syntax: COTH(number)
COTH the hyperbolic
Formula: COTH(0.5) returns 1.
cotangent of a
given number.

CSC CSC Syntax: CSC(number)

(Complementary
Sine) is an Excel Formula: CSC(PI()/4)This will
function that the value of 1.4142135623731,
returns the is the complementary sine of
complementary
sine of a given
number. The
syntax for the
CSC function is
CSC(angle),
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where angle is
the angle in
radians for which
you want to find
the
complementary
sine.

The CSCH Syntax: CSCH(number)

function returns
CSCH the hyperbolic Formula: CSCH(2)Result:
cosecant of a 0.275720564771759
given number.

The DECIMAL Syntax: DECIMAL(number, rad

function is used
to convert a Formula: DECIMAL(1011,2)This
DECIMAL
number from any example would return the dec
other base to value of 11.
decimal.

DEGREES The DEGREES Syntax: DEGREES(angle)

function converts
an angle in Formula:
DEGREES(3.14159265358979)
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radians to 180
degrees.

The EVEN
function rounds a Syntax: EVEN(number)
EVEN number up to the
Formula: EVEN(3.2)Result: 4
nearest even
integer.

The EXP function

in Excel returns Syntax: EXP(number)
the result of the
EXP mathematical Formula: EXP(2)Result:
constant e raised 7.38905609893065
to the power of a
given number.

Syntax: FACT(number)
FACT: The FACT
function returns Formula: FACT(5)This formula
FACT
the factorial of a return 120, which is the factor
number. (5x4x3x2x1).
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The
FACTDOUBLE
function returns
the double
factorial of a Syntax: FACTDOUBLE(numbe
given number.
Formula: To calculate the dou
The double
FACTDOUBLE factorial of 8, the formula wou
factorial is the
=FACTDOUBLE(8). The result
product of all the
be 8 x 6 x 4 x 2 = 384.
integers from 1
up to the given
number, but
skipping every
other number.

The FLOOR
function in Excel Syntax: FLOOR(number,
rounds a number significance)
FLOOR down to the
Formula: FLOOR(4.7, 0.5)The
nearest multiple
of this formula is 4.5.
of a specified
value.
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The
FLOOR.MATH Syntax: FLOOR.MATH(numbe
function rounds a significance, [mode])
number down to
FLOOR.MATH
the nearest Formula: FLOOR.MATH(12.5,
multiple of a 0.5)Result: 12
specified
significance.

The Syntax: FLOOR.PRECISE(num

FLOOR.PRECISE significance)
function rounds a
FLOOR.PRECISE number down to Formula: FLOOR.PRECISE(3.14
the nearest 0.01)The result of this example
multiple of 3.14.
significance.

GCD GCD stands for Syntax: GCD(number1, [numb

Greatest …)
Common Divisor.
It is used to Formula: GCD(12, 18)The resu
calculate the this formula is 6, as 6 is the gr
greatest common common divisor of 12 and 18.
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divisor of two or
more integers.

The INT function

in Excel returns
the integer part Syntax: INT(number)
INT of a number by
Formula: INT(3.14)Result: 3
rounding down to
the nearest
integer.

ISO.CEILING is an
Excel function Syntax:
that rounds a ISO.CEILING(number,significa
ISO.CEILING number to the
Formula:
nearest integer
ISO.CEILING(3.14,0.1)Result: 3.
or multiple of
significance.

LCM LCM stands for Syntax: LCM(number1, [numb

Least Common …)
Multiple. It is a
function that is Formula: LCM(2,3,4)This exam
used to would return 12, as 12 is the sm
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determine the number that 2, 3, and 4 all hav
smallest number common.
that two or more
numbers have in
common.

The LET function

is a new function
in Excel that
allows you to Syntax: LET(name, expression
assign a name to
LET a value or Formula: Let(A, 10+5)This ass
expression. It is the value 15 to the name A.
useful for making
formulas easier
to read and
understand.
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The LN function Syntax: LN(number)
returns the
natural logarithm Formula: To calculate the natu
LN of a number. The logarithm of 10, the formula w
natural logarithm be:=LN(10)The result would be
is the logarithm 2.302585092994046.
to the base e.

The LOG function Syntax: LOG(number, [base])

in Microsoft
Excel returns the Formula: LOG(8,2)This examp
LOG
logarithm of a returns the logarithm of 8 to th
number to a base of 2, which is 3.
specified base.

The LOG10 Syntax: LOG10(number)

function returns
Formula: LOG10(100)The resu
LOG10 the logarithm of
this formula is 2, as 100 is equ
a number to the
10^2.
base 10.

MDETERM MDETERM is an Syntax: MDETERM(array)

Excel function
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used to calculate Formula: MDETERM({1,2;3,4})
the determinant result of this formula is -2, wh
of a given matrix. the determinant of the given m

The MINVERSE Syntax: MINVERSE(array)

function returns
Formula:
MINVERSE the inverse
MINVERSE({1,2;3,4})Result:
matrix for a given
{-2,1;1.5,-0.5}
matrix.

The MMULT
function returns Syntax: MMULT(array1, array2
MMULT the matrix
Formula: MMULT(A1:B2,C1:D2
product of two
arrays.

The MOD Syntax: MOD(number, divisor

function returns
the remainder Formula: MOD(15,4)This will r
MOD
after a number is a result of 3, as 15 divided by
divided by a with a remainder of 3.
divisor.
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The MROUND
function rounds a Syntax: MROUND(number, mu
number to the
MROUND Formula: MROUND(7,2)The re
nearest multiple
this formula is 8.
of another
number.

Syntax: MULTINOMIAL(numbe
The number2, …)
MULTINOMIAL
function returns Formula: MULTINOMIAL(2,3,4
MULTINOMIAL
the multinomial example returns the multinom
coefficient of a coefficient of 2, 3 and 4, whic
set of numbers. 120.

MUNIT is an Syntax: MUNIT(number)

Excel function
that returns the Formula: MUNIT(10)This will r
MUNIT
unit of measure the unit of measure associated
associated with a 10, which is “none”.
given number.
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The ODD
function is used Syntax: ODD(number)
to round a
ODD
number up to the Formula: ODD(8.2)Result: 9
nearest odd
integer.

The PI function in
Excel returns the
value of pi (p), Syntax: PI()
which is the ratio
PI Formula: PI()Result:
of the
3.14159265358979
circumference of
a circle to its
diameter.
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Description:The
POWER function
is a mathematical Syntax: POWER(number, pow
function that
POWER Formula: POWER(2,3)This will
returns the result
return 8, as 2 to the power of
of a number
raised to a
specified power.

The PRODUCT
function Syntax: PRODUCT(number1,
multiplies all the [number2], …)
PRODUCT numbers given
Formula: PRODUCT(2,3,4,5)Re
as arguments
120
and returns the
product.

The QUOTIENT Syntax: QUOTIENT(numerator

function returns denominator)
QUOTIENT the integer
portion of a Formula: QUOTIENT(10,3) retu
division.
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The RADIANS Syntax: RADIANS(angle)
function is used
Formula: RADIANS(45)This fu
RADIANS to convert angles
would return the result
from degrees to
0.78539816339745.
radians.

The RAND
function in Excel Syntax: RAND()
is used to
RAND Formula: RAND()Result:
generate a
0.838592582
random number
between 0 and 1.

The RANDARRAY
function is an Syntax: RANDARRAY(rows,
Excel function columns, min, max)
that generates an
RANDARRAY array of random Formula: RANDARRAY(2,3,1,10
numbers will generate a 2×3 array of ra
between two numbers between 1 and 10.
specified
numbers.
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The
RANDBETWEEN Syntax: RANDBETWEEN(botto
function is used top)
to generate a
RANDBETWEEN Formula: RANDBETWEEN(1,10
random number
will generate a random numbe
between two
between 1 and 10.
specified
numbers.

Syntax: ROMAN(number,
[form])number: The number to
ROMAN is an converted to a Roman
Excel function numeral.form: [optional] An in
ROMAN that converts a that specifies the type of Rom
number to a numeral you want.
Roman numeral.
Formula: ROMAN(10)Result: X
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The ROUND Syntax: ROUND(number,
function rounds a num_digits)
ROUND number to a
Formula: ROUND(3.14159, 2)T
specified number
example would return 3.14.
of digits.

The
ROUNDDOWN Syntax: ROUNDDOWN(numbe
function rounds a num_digits)
ROUNDDOWN number down to
Formula:
the specified
ROUNDDOWN(2.567,2)Result:
number of
decimal places.

The ROUNDUP Syntax: ROUNDUP(number,

function rounds a num_digits)
number up to a
ROUNDUP
specified number Formula: ROUNDUP(3.14159, 2
of decimal returns 3.15
places.

SEC The SEC function Syntax: SEC(angle)

returns the
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secant of an Formula: SEC(45)This will retu
angle, which is secant of 45 degrees, which i
the reciprocal of 1.4142135623731.
the cosine of that
angle.

The SECH Syntax: SECH(number)

function returns
SECH the hyperbolic Formula: SECH(1)The result of
secant of a given formula is 0.85091812823932
number.

SERIESSUM The SERIESSUM Syntax: SERIESSUM(x, n, m,

function is an coefficients)x: The input value
Excel function the power series.n: The powe
that calculates the first term in the series.m: T
the sum of a power of the last term in the
series of terms in series.coefficients: The coeffi
a power series. of the terms in the series.

Formula: To calculate the seri

sum for x = 5, n = 0, m = 5 and
coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, th
formula would be:=SERIESSUM
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5, 1,2,3,4,5,6)The result of this
formula is 441.

The SEQUENCE
function Syntax: SEQUENCE(rows, col
generates a list [start], [step])
of sequential
SEQUENCE Formula: SEQUENCE(3,2,1,2)T
numbers in an
would generate the following a
array, based on
{1,3; 5,7; 9,11}
user-defined
parameters.

The SIGN
function returns
the sign of a Syntax: SIGN(number)
number. It
returns 1 if the Formula: SIGN(5)This formula
SIGN
number is return 1, since 5 is a positive
positive, 0 if the number.
number is 0, and
-1 if the number
is negative.
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Syntax: SIN(angle)
The SIN function
SIN returns the sine Formula: SIN(45)Result:
of a given angle. 0.70710678118

The SINH Syntax: SINH(number)

function returns
SINH the hyperbolic Formula: SINH(2) returns
sine of a given 3.626860407847019
number.

The SQRT
function in Excel Syntax: SQRT(number)
SQRT returns the
Formula: SQRT(9)Result: 3
square root of a
given number.

The SQRTPI Syntax: SQRTPI(number)

function returns
SQRTPI the square root Formula: SQRTPI(2)The result
of a number this formula is 2.50662827463
multiplied by pi.
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Syntax: SUBTOTAL(function_n
range1,
The SUBTOTAL range2,…)Function_num: This
function is used number that specifies the type
to calculate a calculation to perform.Range1
subtotal in a list Range2,…: This is a range of c
SUBTOTAL or database. It array of values to perform the
can perform calculation on.
calculations such
as sum, average, Formula: SUBTOTAL(9,A2:A10
count, etc. example would calculate the s
the range A2:A10.

The SUM Syntax: SUM(number1, [numb

function is an …)
SUM Excel function
used to add up a Formula: SUM(A1:A5)
range of values.

SUMIF The SUMIF Syntax: SUMIF(range, criteria

function in Excel [sum_range])
is used to sum
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values that meet Formula:
a certain criteria. SUMIF(A2:A10,”>20″,B2:B10)T
formula will sum all values in B
that are greater than 20, base
the corresponding values in A

Syntax: SUMIFS(sum_range,
The SUMIFS criteria_range1, criteria1,
function is an [criteria_range2, criteria2], …)
Excel function
Formula: To sum the values in
SUMIFS used to sum
range A1:A10, if the correspon
values in a range
values in cell range B1:B10 are
that meet
greater than 5, the formula wo
multiple criteria.
be:=SUMIFS(A1:A10,B1:B10,”>5

SUMPRODUCT The Syntax: SUMPRODUCT(array1

SUMPRODUCT [array2], [array3], …)
function
multiplies Formula: SUMPRODUCT(A1:A
corresponding B1:B5)
components in
the given arrays
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and returns the
sum of those
products.

The SUMSQ Syntax: SUMSQ(number1,

function is an [number2], …)
Excel function
SUMSQ that returns the Formula: SUMSQ(2,3,4)This
sum of the example will return the sum of
squares of a set squares of 2, 3, and 4, which
of numbers.

The SUMX2MY2
function in Syntax: SUMX2MY2(array_x,
Microsoft Excel array_y)
calculates the
Formula: SUMX2MY2({1,2,3},
sum of the
SUMX2MY2 {4,5,6})This formula will calcu
squares of the
the sum of the squares of the
differences
differences between the two a
between two
which is equal to 54.
arrays of
numbers.
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The SUMX2PY2 Syntax: SUMX2PY2(array1, ar
function adds the
sum of the Formula:
squares of two SUMX2PY2(A1:A5,B1:B5)This w
SUMX2PY2
arrays and then return the square root of the s
returns the the squares of the values in A
square root of and B1:B5.
the result.

The SUMXMY2
function returns
the sum of the Syntax: SUMXMY2(array1, arr
SUMXMY2 difference of two
Formula: SUMXMY2(A1:A5,B1
arrays, or
ranges, of
numbers.

The TAN function Syntax: TAN(angle)

returns the
TAN Formula: TAN(45) returns the
tangent of a
1.
given angle.
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The TANH Syntax: TANH(number)
function returns
TANH the hyperbolic Formula: TANH(0.5)The result
tangent of a this formula is 0.462117157260
given number.

The TRUNC
function Syntax: TRUNC(number,
truncates a [num_digits])
TRUNC number to an
Formula:=TRUNC(3.14159,2)R
integer by
3.14
removing the
decimal values.

Statistical Functions

Dive Deep into Your Data: Get into the heart of your data with Statistical
Functions! Analyze trends, central tendencies, and data dispersion with
functions like AVERAGE, MEDIAN, and STDEV. Explore the distribution of your
data with COUNTIF and SUMIF, or identify the minimum and maximum values
(MIN, MAX) to gain valuable insights from your datasets.
 Analyze trends, central tendencies, and data dispersion.
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common statistics average (AVERAGE), median
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and standard deviation (STDEV).
Identify minimum and maximum values (MIN, MAX).
Count data meeting specific criteria (COUNTIF, SUMIF).

Function Description Syn

Syn
AVEDEV: The AVEDEV function
in Excel returns the average of For
AVEDEV
the absolute deviations of data 2, w
points from their mean. 4, 6

The AVERAGE function in Syn

AVERAGE Excel calculates the arithmetic
For
mean of a given set of values.

The AVERAGEA function is an

Excel function that calculates Syn
AVERAGEA the average of all numbers,
For
including text and logical
values.
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Syn
The AVERAGEIF function
returns the average For
AVERAGEIF (arithmetic mean) of all will
numbers in a range of cells, whe
based on a given criteria. tha

Syn
The AVERAGEIFS function is crit
an Excel function that
For
AVERAGEIFS calculates the average of a
ran
range of cells that meet
B1:B
multiple criteria.
AVE

Syn
BETA.DIST is an Excel function
For
used to calculate the
den
BETA.DIST cumulative beta probability
alph
density function (PDF) for a
follo
given set of parameters.
TRU
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Syn
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Syn
BETA.INV is an Excel function
that returns the inverse of the For
BETA.INV cumulative distribution the
function for a specified beta dist
distribution. with

The BINOM.DIST function in

Excel returns the individual Syn
term binomial distribution cum
probability. It calculates the
BINOM.DIST probability of a certain number For
of successes in a given retu
number of independent trials, tria
each with the same probability
of success.

BINOM.DIST.RANGE BINOM.DIST.RANGE is an Syn

Excel function that calculates num
the probability of a certain
number of successes in a For
sequence of independent 2a
Bernoulli trials, given a Ber
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probability of success in each eac
trial. 0.4

The BINOM.INV function is an

Excel statistical function that Syn
returns the inverse of the
For
cumulative binomial
suc
BINOM.INV distribution. This function is
form
useful in determining the
wou
number of successes given a
suc
probability and a number of
trials.

Syn
The CHISQ.DIST function
returns the cumulative For
CHISQ.DIST
probability of a chi-squared the
distribution. with

CHISQ.DIST.RT The CHISQ.DIST.RT function Syn

returns the right-tailed
probability of the chi-squared For
distribution. righ
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with
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Syn
The CHISQ.INV function in
For
Excel returns the inverse of
CHISQ.INV inve
the left-tailed probability of
dist
the chi-squared distribution.
free

Syn
The CHISQ.INV.RT function
For
returns the inverse of the
CHISQ.INV.RT inve
right-tailed probability of the
dist
chi-squared distribution.
free

CHISQ.TEST CHISQ.TEST is an Excel Syn

function used to perform a
chi-square test of For
independence. It is used to
determine whether there is a
significant association
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between two categorical
variables.

The CONFIDENCE.NORM Syn

function returns the CO
confidence interval for a sign
population mean, using a leve
normal distribution. This ran
CONFIDENCE.NORM function uses a confidence ran
level to calculate the margin of
For
error that is added and
sam
subtracted from the sample
10,
mean to create the confidence
wou
interval.

Syn
The CONFIDENCE.T function
is used to calculate the For
confidence interval for a sam
CONFIDENCE.T
population mean, based on a sam
sample mean and standard CO
deviation. of 8
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CORREL is an Excel function Syn
that returns the correlation
coefficient of two sets of For
CORREL
values. It is used to measure the
the linear relationship between thro
two variables.

Syn
The COUNT function is used
to count the number of cells For
COUNT
that contain numbers within a num
specified range. whe

The COUNTA function in Syn

Microsoft Excel counts the
COUNTA For
number of cells that contain
num
data within a range.

Syn
The COUNTBLANK function
COUNTBLANK counts the number of empty For
cells in a range of cells. cou
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Syn
COUNTIF is an Excel function
used to count the number of For
COUNTIF
cells within a range that meet the
a specified criteria. 5.

Syn
The COUNTIFS function is a [cri
statistical function used to
For
COUNTIFS count the number of cells in a
exa
range that meet multiple
A1:A
criteria.
in t

Syn
The COVARIANCE.P function
calculates the population For
COVARIANCE.P
covariance of two sets of retu
values. A2

COVARIANCE.S The COVARIANCE.S function Syn

is an Excel function used to
calculate the sample
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covariance of two sets of For
values. calc
valu

Syn
DEVSQ is an Excel function
that calculates the sum of For
DEVSQ squares of deviations of data the
points from their sample 4, a
mean. wou

Syn
at w
The EXPON.DIST function dist
returns the exponential dist
distribution. It returns the the
EXPON.DIST probability that a random
variable, which follows an For
exponential distribution, is less the
than or equal to a given value. exp
tha
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F.DIST is an Excel function
that returns the F probability Syn
distribution. It calculates the
For
F.DIST probability of a value
pro
occurring given a certain
deg
number of degrees of
freedom.

The F.DIST.RT function returns

the right-tailed F probability Syn
distribution. This function is
For
used to calculate the
F.DIST.RT pro
probability that the observed
gre
variance in a sample is greater
sam
than the variance in the entire
population.
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F.INV is an Excel function deg
used to calculate the inverse
of the F-distribution. It returns For
F.INV
the probability associated with valu
a given x-value and degrees deg
of freedom. free

F.INV.RT is an Excel function Syn

that returns the inverse of the F.IN
F probability distribution. It
For
returns the value of the
F.INV.RT inve
inverse cumulative distribution
with
function (inverse of the
deg
cumulative probability) for a
6.8
given probability.

F.TEST F.TEST is an Excel function Syn

used to calculate the
probability of two samples For
having the same variance. It the
takes two sets of data as its and
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arguments and returns a
probability value.

FISHER is an Excel function

that returns the Fisher Syn
transformation at x-value. The
FISHER
Fisher transformation is a way For
to normalize data that may not
be normally distributed.

The FISHERINV function Syn

returns the inverse of the
FISHERINV
Fisher transformation at a For
specified value.

The FORECAST function is Syn

used to calculate a future
value based on existing values For
FORECAST
provided. It uses linear the
regression to calculate the 4b
value.

FORECAST.ETS The FORECAST.ETS function Syn

is an Excel function that new
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predicts future values based For
on existing values. It uses the exa
Exponential Triple Smoothing to p
(ETS) algorithm to predict Trip
future values. con

Syn
[kn
The FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT [se
function is an Excel function
For
that returns a confidence
FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT FOR
interval for a forecast
exa
generated by the
fore
FORECAST.ETS function.
usin
kno
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Syn
[se
The
FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY For
function in Microsoft Excel is 1, 0
FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY
used to predict future values FOR
based on existing values that valu
have a seasonal pattern. sea
agg

The FORECAST.ETS.STAT Syn

function in Microsoft Excel is [ne
used to calculate a future
FORECAST.ETS.STAT
value based on existing values For
using the Exponential Triple 12,
Smoothing (ETS) algorithm.

FORECAST.LINEAR The FORECAST.LINEAR Syn

function is an Excel function
that predicts a value based on For
existing values. It uses a linear bas
regression algorithm to Jan
calculate the best fit line for be
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the existing values and predict A2:
a value for the specified x Ma
value. mo

The FREQUENCY function in Syn

Excel returns a frequency
distribution, which is a For
FREQUENCY
summary table that shows the retu
frequency of values within a A2:
range.

The GAMMA function is used

to calculate the gamma value
of a given number. Gamma is a Syn
mathematical function that is
GAMMA used to calculate the For
probability of a random valu
variable taking on a value less
than or equal to a certain
number.

GAMMA.DIST The GAMMA.DIST function in Syn

Excel returns the gamma
distribution, which is a type of
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probability distribution. It is For
used to calculate the retu
probability that a random alph
variable is less than or equal
to a given value.

Syn

The GAMMA.INV function For

returns the inverse of the cum
GAMMA.INV
gamma cumulative of 2
distribution. use
form

GAMMALN: The GAMMALN Syn

function returns the natural
GAMMALN For
logarithm of the gamma
be
function, G(x).
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The GAMMALN.PRECISE Syn
function is an Excel function
that returns the natural For
GAMMALN.PRECISE
logarithm of the gamma fun
function, G(x), to a high fun
degree of precision.

The GAUSS function returns Syn

the cumulative distribution
GAUSS For
function (CDF) of a standard
0.8
normal distribution.

The GEOMEAN function

calculates the geometric mean
of a set of numbers. The Syn
geometric mean is the
For
GEOMEAN average of a set of numbers
3.5,
multiplied together and then
(2,
taking the nth root, where n is
the number of numbers in the
set.
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The GROWTH function returns
an array of y-values for a Syn
series of new x-values that are [co
GROWTH
linearly interpolated from a
For
given set of x-values and y-
values.

The HARMEAN function is

used to calculate the harmonic
mean of a set of numbers. The Syn
HARMEAN harmonic mean is the
For
reciprocal of the arithmetic
mean of the reciprocals of the
given numbers.

HYPGEOM.DIST is an Excel Syn

function that calculates the pop
probability of a given number
HYPGEOM.DIST For
of successes in a sample,
suc
without replacement, from a
form
population of a given size.
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The INTERCEPT function in Syn
Excel returns the y-intercept
of a given linear regression For
INTERCEPT
line. It is used to calculate the the
point at which a line crosses dat
the y-axis.

KURT: The KURT function in Syn

Excel returns the kurtosis of a
KURT data set. Kurtosis is a measure For
of the “peakedness” of a -1.2
distribution.

Syn
The LARGE function returns
For
LARGE the nth largest value from a
the
range of values.
A1 t

LINEST The LINEST function is a Syn

statistical function in Excel
that returns the parameters of For
a linear trend. It can be used
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to calculate the slope and y-
intercept of a line, as well as
the correlation coefficient,
standard error of the estimate,
and other statistics.

Syn
The LOGEST function is used [sta
to calculate an exponential
curve that best fits a set of For
data points. It returns an array exa
LOGEST
of values that describe the the
exponential curve, including arra
the y-intercept, the slope, and incl
the correlation coefficient. coe

The LOGNORM.DIST function Syn

returns the cumulative cum
lognormal distribution of x,
LOGNORM.DIST For
given parameters for the
retu
distribution’s mean and
am
standard deviation.
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The LOGNORM.INV function stan
returns the inverse of the
lognormal cumulative For
LOGNORM.INV
distribution for a specified retu
value, mean and standard dist
deviation. stan

Syn
The MAX function in Excel
MAX returns the largest value from For
a range of values. valu

The MAXA function is an Excel Syn

function that returns the
MAXA maximum value in a range of For
values, including logical max
values and text.

MAXIFS The MAXIFS function returns Syn

the maximum value in a range, [cri
based on multiple criteria.
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For
“<=
ran
gre
C1:C

The MEDIAN function returns

the median of the given
numbers. The median is the Syn
middle number in a set of
MEDIAN
numbers; it is calculated by For
arranging all the numbers from
lowest to highest value and
picking the middle number.

The MIN function returns the Syn

MIN smallest value from a given
For
set of numbers.
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The MINA function is used to Syn
find the minimum value in a
MINA given array of values, For
including text and logical min
values.

Syn
[cri
The MINIFS function is used to
For
find the minimum value from a
MINIFS MIN
range of cells that meet
will
multiple criteria.
the
in B

MODE.MULT is an Excel Syn

function that returns a vertical
MODE.MULT array of the most frequently For
occurring, or repetitive, values mo
in an array or range of data.

MODE.SNGL MODE.SNGL is an Excel Syn

function that returns the most
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frequently occurring value in a For
set of numbers. this
occ

Syn
NEGBINOM.DIST is an Excel pro
function that calculates the of f
negative binomial distribution. suc
The negative binomial suc
distribution is a probability form
NEGBINOM.DIST distribution that is used to fun
represent the number of
successes in a sequence of For
independent Bernoulli trials retu
before a specified number of inde
failures occur. of 0

NORM.DIST NORM.DIST is an Excel Syn

function that returns the cum
cumulative normal distribution calc
for a given mean and standard dist
deviation. It is used to the
calculate the probability that a det
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random variable is less than or TRU
equal to a certain value. fun
fun

For
the
stan
0.9

NORM.INV is an Excel function Syn

that returns the inverse of the
standard normal cumulative For
NORM.INV
distribution. The syntax is retu
NORM.INV(probability, mean, nor
standard_dev).

NORM.S.DIST NORM.S.DIST is an Excel Syn

statistical function that returns whi
the standard normal valu
cumulative distribution cum
function. It gives the cum
probability that a random pro
variable with a normal
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distribution will be less than or For
equal to a specified value. with
2.5
res

NORM.S.INV is an Excel
function that returns the Syn
inverse of the standard normal
cumulative distribution. This For
NORM.S.INV
function is used to calculate gre
the probability of a value Thi
being greater than or less than
a certain number.

The PEARSON function

returns the Pearson product
moment correlation Syn
PEARSON coefficient, which is a
For
measure of the linear
correlation between two
variables.

PERCENTILE.EXC The PERCENTILE.EXC function Syn

is an Excel function that
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returns the k-th percentile of For
values in a range. retu
A1:A

Syn
The PERCENTILE.INC function
For
PERCENTILE.INC in Excel returns the k-th
wou
percentile of values in a range.
ran

Syn

For
The PERCENTRANK.EXC
exa
function returns the rank of a
PERCENTRANK.EXC ran
value in a data set as a
of t
percentage of the data set.
spe
dec
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Syn

The PERCENTRANK.INC For

function returns the rank of a exa
PERCENTRANK.INC
value in a data set as a the
percentage of the data set. dat
sign

The PERMUT function is used

to calculate the number of Syn
permutations for a given
For
PERMUT number of objects. A
obj
permutation is the
=PE
arrangement of a set of
objects in a specific order.

The PERMUTATIONA function Syn

returns the number of
For
PERMUTATIONA permutations for a given
num
number of objects that can be
sele
selected from number objects.
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PHI is a statistical function in
Excel that calculates the value
of the Phi coefficient, which is
a measure of association Syn
PHI between two binary variables.
For
It is often used to measure the
strength of a linear
relationship between two
variables.

The POISSON.DIST function in Syn

Excel returns the probability of
a given number of events For
POISSON.DIST
occurring in a fixed period of the
time when the rate of events is time
known.

The PROB function in

Microsoft Excel is used to Syn
calculate the probability of a PRO
PROB
given event. It returns the
For
probability that values in a
range are between two limits.
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The QUARTILE.EXC function Syn
returns the quartile of a
QUARTILE.EXC For
dataset, which is a type of
the
statistical measure.

Syn
ran
The QUARTILE.INC function wan
returns the quartile of a given whi
QUARTILE.INC data set, where quartiles
divide a ranked set of data For
into four equal parts. the
A1:A

The RANK.AVG function Syn

returns the rank of a number
For
RANK.AVG in a list of numbers. It assigns
the
the same rank to numbers with
asc
the same value.
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Syn
The RANK.EQ function returns
RANK.EQ the rank of a number in a list For
of numbers. retu

RSQ is a statistical function in

Microsoft Excel that returns
the square of the Pearson
product-moment correlation Syn
RSQ coefficient (R-squared) of two
For
supplied sets of values. It is
used to measure how closely
two sets of data points fit a
given regression line.

SKEW: The SKEW function

returns the skewness of a Syn
distribution based on a
For
SKEW supplied set of values.
ske
Skewness is a measure of
thro
asymmetry in a probability
distribution.
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SKEW.P is a statistical function Syn
in Microsoft Excel that
SKEW.P calculates the skewness of a For
distribution based on a 0, i
population of numerical data.

The SLOPE function calculates

the slope of a regression line Syn
based on the given data
SLOPE
points. It is used to measure For
the rate of change in a data
set.

Syn
The SMALL function returns
SMALL the nth smallest value from a For
given set of values. sma

The STANDARDIZE function Syn

returns a normalized value
For
STANDARDIZE from a distribution
whi
characterized by a mean and
mea
standard deviation.
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STDEV.P is an Excel function Syn
that calculates the standard
STDEV.P deviation of a population For
based on a sample of numeric 1.58
values.

STDEV.S is an Excel function Syn

that calculates the standard
STDEV.S For
deviation of a sample based
stan
on a supplied set of values.

STDEVA is an Excel function Syn

that returns the standard
For
STDEVA deviation of a population
2.5
based on a sample of numeric
the
values.

STDEVPA STDEVPA is an Excel function Syn

that calculates the standard
deviation of a population For
based on a sample of retu
numbers. It takes the following
syntax:STDEVPA(number1,
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[number2], …)Where number1,
number2, etc. are the numeric
values for which you want to
calculate the standard
deviation.

STEYX is a statistical function

in Microsoft Excel that Syn
STEYX calculates the standard error
For
of the predicted y-value for
each x in the regression.

Syn
T.DIST is an Excel function
that returns the probability For
T.DIST
associated with a Student’s t- cum
distribution. with
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The T.DIST.2T function Syn
returns the probability
For
associated with a Student’s t-
T.DIST.2T valu
distribution. It can be used to
free
determine the probability of a
Thi
given range of values.

The T.DIST.RT function Syn

returns the right-tailed
Student’s t-distribution. The For
T.DIST.RT
function is used to calculate cum
probabilities for a given value deg
of the t-distribution.

T.INV is an Excel function that Syn

returns the t-value of the
For
T.INV Student’s t-distribution, given
valu
the probability and the
95%
degrees of freedom.

T.INV.2T The T.INV.2T function returns Syn

the two-tailed probability of
the Student’s t-distribution.
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For
two
ap
res

T.TEST is an Excel statistical

function used to calculate the
probability associated with the
Student’s t-test. The syntax
for the T.TEST function
is:T.TEST(array1, array2, tails, Syn
type)Where:• array1 – The first
array or range of data.• array2 For
T.TEST – The second array or range wou
of data.• tails – The number of with
tails in the t-test. This can B1:B
either be 1 (for one-tailed) or 2
(for two-tailed).• type – The
type of t-test to be performed.
This can either be 1 (for
paired) or 2 (for two-sample
equal variance).
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Syn
[co

The TREND function is used to For

calculate linear trend line to a wou
TREND
given set of data points and in c
extend it to new data points. cell
x va
tren

The TRIMMEAN function is an

Excel function used to Syn
calculate the mean of a
For
TRIMMEAN dataset after a certain
calc
percentage of the data points
exc
have been excluded from the
calculation.
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Syn
VAR.P is a statistical function
in Excel that calculates the For
VAR.P
population variance of a given whi
set of values. (1,2

Syn
VAR.S is an Excel function that
calculates the sample variance For
VAR.S
of a population based on a calc
sample of numbers. num

Syn
The VARA function in Excel
VARA returns the variance of an For
array or range of numbers. var

VARPA is an Excel function Syn

that calculates the variance of
VARPA
an entire population based on For
a set of values.
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Syn
valu
dist
dist
dist
WEIBULL.DIST is an Excel the
function used to calculate the WE
WEIBULL.DIST probability that a value is less fun
than or equal to a given value fun
in a Weibull distribution.
For
retu
or e
par

Syn
The Z.TEST function in Excel
For
is used to calculate the one-
Z.TEST calc
tailed or two-tailed
of a
probability-value of a z-test.
mea
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Financial Functions

Become a Financial Whiz: Excel empowers you to become a financial whiz

with its dedicated Financial Functions. From calculating loan payments (PMT)
to analyzing investment returns (IRR, NPV, XIRR), these functions provide the
tools needed for financial modeling, cash flow forecasting, and informed
investment decisions.

Perform financial calculations like loan payments (PMT) and interest

rates (IRR).
Analyze investment returns (NPV, XIRR).
Create financial models and cash flow forecasts.

Function Description Syntax and Formula

ACCRINT The ACCRINT Syntax: ACCRINT(issue, first_intere

function in [calc_method])
Microsoft
Excel Formula: ACCRINT(“1/1/2020″,”2/1/2
calculates the calculates the accrued interest for a
accrued interest date of 2/1/2020, settlemen
interest for a of 1000, and a frequency of 2 (semi
security that both set to 0.
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pays periodic
interest.

The
ACCRINTM
function
returns the Syntax: ACCRINTM(issue, first_inte
amount of [calc_method])
interest that
has been Formula: ACCRINTM(“1/1/2019”, “1/1
ACCRINTM accrued on a example returns the amount of inter
security that 1/1/2019, first interest date of 1/1/201
pays periodic rate of 6%, par value of $1,000, and
interest, such 30/360 day count basis and the pric
as a bond,
between a
start and end
date.

AMORDEGRC The Syntax: AMORDEGRC(cost, date_pu

AMORDEGRC
function Formula: AMORDEGRC(10000, DATE
returns the example returns the depreciation of
depreciation
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of an asset for January 1, 2015, with a first period e
a specified period of 12, and a depreciation coe
period using a
depreciation
coefficient
from a table of
depreciation
coefficients.

The
AMORLINC
function is
used to Syntax: AMORLINC(cost, date_purc
calculate the
depreciation Formula: To calculate the depreciat
AMORLINC
of an asset for on 1/1/2020, and has a salvage value
a specified can be used:AMORLINC(10000, “1/1
period using
the linear
depreciation
method.

COUPDAYBS The Syntax: COUPDAYBS(settlement, m

COUPDAYBS
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function Formula: COUPDAYBS(“1/15/2020”,
returns the number of days from the beginning
number of January 15, 2020, with a maturity da
days from the annual). The basis is 0 (US (NASD) 3
beginning of
the coupon
period to the
settlement
date.

The
COUPDAYS
function Syntax: COUPDAYS(settlement, mat
returns the
Formula: COUPDAYS(“9/15/2020”, “
number of
COUPDAYS of days in the coupon period that co
days in the
maturity date of 9/15/2021, a freque
coupon period
0 (US (NASD) 30/360). The result is
that contains
the settlement
date.

COUPDAYSNC The Syntax: COUPDAYSNC(settlement,

COUPDAYSNC
function
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returns the Formula: COUPDAYSNC(DATE(2020
number of the number of days in the coupon p
days in the August 2020) for a security with a p
coupon period 15th February 2022 and a frequency
that contains optional and is set to 0 in this examp
the settlement
date for a
security with
a periodic
interest
payment.

COUPNCD The Syntax: COUPNCD(settlement, matu

COUPNCD
function Formula: COUPNCD(DATE(2020,1,1)
returns the next coupon date after the settleme
next coupon maturity date of January 1, 2022 and
date after the basis is 0 (US (NASD) 30/360).
settlement
date for a
security with
a specified
frequency of
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coupon
payments.

COUPNUM is
an Excel
function that
calculates the
number of
coupon
payments Syntax: COUPNUM(settlement, mat
between two
dates. It is Formula: COUPNUM(DATE(2020,1,1)
COUPNUM used to the number of coupon payments be
calculate the assuming a frequency of 2 payment
number of The result is 6.
times an
investor will
receive a
coupon
payment
between two
dates.
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The
COUPPCD Syntax: COUPPCD(settlement, matu
function
returns the Formula: COUPPCD(DATE(2021,1,1),
COUPPCD next coupon 3/1/2021, which is the next coupon p
payment date 1/1/2021, with a maturity date of 6/3
after the basis of 0 (US (NASD) 30/360).
settlement
date.

The CUMIPMT
function in
Excel
calculates the Syntax: CUMIPMT(rate, nper, pv, st
cumulative
Formula: To calculate the cumulativ
CUMIPMT interest paid
interest rate of 5% over a period of
on a loan
would be:=CUMIPMT(0.05, 5, 10000
between a
start period
and an end
period.

CUMPRINC The Syntax: CUMPRINC(rate, nper, pv, s

CUMPRINC
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function in Formula: To calculate the cumulativ
Excel is used 5%, a total number of periods of 10,
to calculate an end period of 6, the formula wou
the cumulative result would be $600, indicating tha
principal paid and 6th periods.
on a loan
between a
start period
and an end
period.
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DB: The DB
function is a
financial
function that
returns the Syntax: DB(cost, salvage, life, perio
depreciation
DB of an asset for Formula: DB(10000,1000,5,2)This ex
a specified cost of $10,000, a salvage value of
period using
the fixed-
declining
balance
method.

DDB The DDB Syntax: DDB(cost, salvage, life, per

function is
used to Formula: DDB(10000,1000,5,2,2)Thi
calculate the for the second period, given a cost
depreciation periods, and a factor of 2.
of an asset for
a specified
period using
the double-
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declining
balance
method.

Syntax: DISC(settlement, maturity, p

The DISC
function Formula: DISC(DATE(2020,6,15),DAT
DISC returns the discount rate for a security with a se
discount rate of June 15, 2021, a price of 0.1, and
for a security. 30/360 day count basis.

DOLLARDE is
an Excel
function that
converts a Syntax: DOLLARDE(fractional_dolla
dollar price
DOLLARDE
expressed as Formula: DOLLARDE(3/32, 32)Resu
a fraction into
a dollar price
expressed as
a decimal.

DOLLARFR DOLLARFR is Syntax: DOLLARFR(number,decima

an Excel
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function that Formula: DOLLARFR(123.45,2)Resul
converts a
number to text
in a currency
format.

The
DURATION
function in Syntax: DURATION(settlement, mat
Excel
Formula: DURATION(DATE(2020,1,1)
DURATION calculates the
number of days between January 1s
number of
annual frequency and a US (NASD)
days between
two given
dates.

EFFECT The EFFECT Syntax: EFFECT(nominal_rate, nper

function is an
Excel function Formula: EFFECT(0.05, 12)This exam
that calculates annual interest rate for a nominal int
the effective per year.
annual
interest rate. It
takes two
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arguments,
the nominal
interest rate
and the
number of
compounding
periods per
year.

FV: The FV
function in
Excel is used
to calculate Syntax: FV(rate, nper, pmt)
the future
FV value of an Formula: FV(0.06, 10, -100)This exa
investment. It $100 for 10 periods at an interest rat
takes three
arguments:
rate, nper, and
pmt.

FVSCHEDULE FVSCHEDULE Syntax: FVSCHEDULE(principal, sch

is an Excel
function that
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returns the Formula: FVSCHEDULE(1000, {0.1, 0
future value of of an investment of $1000 with four
an investment $1,464.
based on a
series of
periodic
payments and
a constant
interest rate.

INTRATE Syntax: INTRATE(settlement, matur

calculates the
Formula: INTRATE(DATE(2020, 1, 1),
interest rate
INTRATE calculates the interest rate for a sec
for a fully
on January 1, 2021, and has an inve
invested
basis is set to 0.
security.

IPMT IPMT: The Syntax: IPMT(rate, period, number_

IPMT function
in Excel is Formula: To calculate the interest pa
used to 5%, a present value of $1000 and a
calculate the be:=IPMT(5%,3,10,1000)This would
interest interest payment for the 3rd period
payment for a
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given period
of an
investment or
loan.

The IRR
function in
Excel is a
financial
function that
returns the
internal rate of
return for a Syntax: IRR(values, [guess])
series of cash
IRR Formula: IRR(A2:A7,0.1)This example
flows. The
rate of return for a series of cash flo
internal rate of
return is the
discount rate
that sets the
net present
value of the
cash flows to
zero.
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The ISPMT
function Syntax: ISPMT(rate, period, number
calculates the
interest paid Formula: ISPMT(0.08, 3, 12, 10000)T
ISPMT
during a the interest paid during the 3rd perio
specific and a present value of 10,000.
period of an
investment.

The
MDURATION
function Syntax: MDURATION(settlement, ma
returns the
Formula: MDURATION(DATE(2018,1,
Macauley
MDURATION returns the Macauley duration of a s
duration of a
a maturity date of January 1, 2022, a
security with
a frequency of semi-annual paymen
an assumed
par value of
$100.

MIRR MIRR: The Syntax: MIRR(values, finance_rate,

MIRR function
is an Excel Formula: MIRR(B2:B6, 10%, 20%)In
financial modified internal rate of return for th
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function that finance rate and a 20% reinvestmen
returns the
modified
internal rate of
return for a
series of
periodic cash
flows.

NOMINAL:
This function
is used to
calculate the
nominal
interest rate Syntax: NOMINAL(effect_rate, nper
NOMINAL given the
Formula: NOMINAL(0.1, 4)Result: 0.0
effective rate
and the
number of
compounding
periods per
year.
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The NPER
function
returns the
number of Syntax: NPER(rate, pmt, pv, [fv], [ty
periods for an
investment Formula: To calculate the number of
NPER
based on payment of $500 and an interest rat
periodic, -500, 10000)The result is 18.
constant
payments and
a constant
interest rate.

NPV NPV is a Syntax: NPV(rate, value1, value2, …

financial
function in Formula: NPV(0.1, -1000, 500, 500,
Excel used to present value of an investment with
calculate the subsequent payments of 500 each a
net present
value of an
investment. It
takes into
account the
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initial
investment,
the rate of
return, and
the number of
periods in the
investment.

ODDFPRICE is Syntax: ODDFPRICE(settlement, ma

an Excel frequency, [basis])
function that
Formula:
calculates the
ODDFPRICE(DATE(2021,1,1),DATE(20
ODDFPRICE price per $100
example calculates the price per $10
face value of
of January 1, 2021, a maturity date o
a security
first coupon of 0.06, a rate of 0.06,
with an odd
frequency of 2 (semi-annual). The b
first period.

ODDFYIELD The Syntax: ODDFYIELD(settlement, ma

ODDFYIELD frequency, [basis])
function
returns the Formula:
odd yield of a ODDFYIELD(DATE(2020,1,1),DATE(20
security with example returns the odd yield of a s
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an odd first 2020, a maturity date of January 1,
period. coupon of 0.06, a rate of 0.05, a pric
frequency of 2 (semi-annually). The
30/360).

ODDLPRICE is
an Excel
function that
returns the Syntax: ODDLPRICE(settlement, ma
price per unit
of an odd lot, Formula: ODDLPRICE(“1/1/2020″,”1/
ODDLPRICE which is an the price per unit of an odd lot with
order for a 1/1/2021, a rate of 0.05, a yield of 0.0
quantity of 2 (semi-annual), using the US (NAS
stock that is
less than the
standard
trading unit.

ODDLYIELD The Syntax: ODDLYIELD(settlement, ma

ODDLYIELD frequency, [basis])
function is
used to Formula: ODDLYIELD(DATE(2021,1,1
0.05, 100, 100, 2, 0)This example ca
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calculate the date of 1/1/2021, maturity date of 1/1
yield of a of 7/1/2021, rate of 0.05, price of 10
security that of 0.
pays odd
interest
payments.

PDURATION is
a financial
function in
Excel that
calculates the
number of Syntax: PDURATION(present_value,
periods
Formula: Suppose you have a loan o
required to
PDURATION future value of $0. The number of p
pay off a loan
by using the PDURATION function a
or make an
is 50, meaning it will take 50 periods
investment
given the
present value,
periodic
payment, and
future value.
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PMT PMT is an Syntax: PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [ty
Excel function
used to Formula: PMT(0.06/12, 60, 1000, 0,
calculate the for a loan of $1000 at 6% interest fo
periodic
payment for a
loan. The
syntax is
PMT(rate,
nper, pv, [fv],
[type]).Rate is
the interest
rate per
period.Nper is
the total
number of
payments for
the loan.Pv is
the present
value (or
principal) of
the loan.Fv is
the future
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value (or
balance) of
the loan after
the last
payment.Type
is the number
0 or 1 and
indicates
when
payments are
due.

PPMT The PPMT Syntax: PPMT(rate, period, number_

function in
Excel Formula: To calculate the principal p
calculates the annual interest rate, a present value
principal would be:=PPMT(6%,3,5,10000,0,0)
payment for a principal payment for the 3rd period
given period
for an
investment
based on a
constant
periodic
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payment and
a constant
interest rate.

The PRICE
function is Syntax: PRICE(settlement, maturity,
used to
calculate the Formula: PRICE(DATE(2020,1,1), DAT
PRICE price per $100 returns the price per $100 face valu
face value of rate of 5%, with a yield of 6%, and a
a security that is January 1, 2020, and the maturity
pays periodic
interest.

PRICEDISC PRICEDISC is Syntax: PRICEDISC(settlement, mat

an Excel
function that Formula: PRICEDISC(“2/2/2020”, “2
calculates the price of a security with a settlement
price of a and a discount rate of 0.05.
discounted
security. It
takes three
arguments:
the settlement
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date, the
maturity date,
and the
discount rate.

PRICEMAT is
an Excel
function that
calculates the
price of a Syntax: PRICEMAT(settlement, matu
security
PRICEMAT based on its Formula: PRICEMAT(A1, A2, A3)whe
yield. It takes rate
three
arguments:
settlement,
maturity, and
rate.
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The PV
function
calculates the
present value Syntax: PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [typ
of an
investment, Formula: To calculate the present va
PV
which is the end of each year for 10 years, with a
total amount be:=PV(5%, 10, 1000)The result wou
that a series
of future
payments is
worth now.

The RATE
function is Syntax: RATE(nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [ty
used to
Formula: To calculate the interest ra
RATE calculate the
back in 5 years with a payment of $
interest rate
-400, 2000)The result would be 0.0
per period of
an annuity.

RECEIVED The Syntax: RECEIVED(settlement, matu

RECEIVED
function is a
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financial Formula: RECEIVED(A2,A3,A4,A5,A6
function in the maturity date, A4 is the investme
Microsoft basis (optional).
Excel that
returns the
amount
received at
maturity for a
fully invested
security.

RRI: The RRI

function is Syntax: RRI(nper, pv, fv)nper: The to
used to is made.pv: The present value of the
calculate the investment.
RRI rate of return
Formula: RRI(5, 1000, 2000)This exa
on an
investment of $1000 that will be wor
investment
14.87%.
over a period
of time.

SLN SLN: The SLN Syntax: SLN(cost, salvage, life)

function is
used to
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calculate the Formula: SLN(1000,200,5)This exam
straight-line depreciation of an asset with a cost
depreciation years. The result would be 160.
of an asset for
a single
period.

The SYD
function
returns the Syntax: SYD(cost, salvage, life, per
sum-of-years’
Formula: SYD(10000, 1000, 5, 3)Thi
SYD digits
depreciation of an asset with a cost
depreciation
useful life of 5 years for the 3rd per
of an asset for
a specified
period.

TBILLEQ The TBILLEQ Syntax: TBILLEQ(settlement, maturi

function is
used to Formula: TBILLEQ(DATE(2020,1,1), D
calculate the calculate the bond-equivalent yield
bond- January 1, 2020, a maturity date of
equivalent
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yield of a
treasury bill.

TBILLPRICE is
an Excel
function that
calculates the Syntax: TBILLPRICE(settlement, ma
price of a
TBILLPRICE Formula: TBILLPRICE(3/1/2020, 6/1/
Treasury bill
99.876.
based on the
rate, issue
date, and
maturity date.

TBILLYIELD The Syntax: TBILLYIELD(discount, settle

TBILLYIELD
function Formula: TBILLYIELD(0.05, “1/1/202
returns the
yield for a
Treasury bill,
given the
discount rate,
settlement
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date, and
maturity date.

VDB stands
for Variable
Declining
Balance. It is a Syntax: VDB(cost, salvage, life, star
financial
function that Formula: VDB(10000, 1000, 5, 1, 3, 2
VDB
is used to depreciation of an asset with a cost
calculate the years for the first 3 periods, using a
depreciation
of an asset
over a period
of time.

XIRR XIRR is an Syntax: XIRR (values, dates, [guess

Excel function
that calculates Formula: XIRR (A1:A4, B1:B4, 0.1)A1:A
the internal 02/01/2020, 03/01/2020, 04/01/202
rate of return of return for the series of cash flows
for a series of an initial guess of 0.1.
cash flows
that occur at
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irregular
intervals. It is
used to
calculate the
rate of return
for
investments
that don’t
have a fixed
schedule of
payments,
such as
investments in
stocks or
mutual funds.

XNPV The XNPV Syntax: XNPV(rate, values, dates)

function
calculates the Formula: XNPV(0.1, {-1000, 400, 40
net present DATE(2020,3,1), DATE(2020,4,1)})Th
value of an $912.11.
investment
based on a
discount rate
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and a series
of cash flows.

YIELD: The
YIELD Syntax: YIELD(settlement, maturity,
function
Formula: YIELD(DATE(2020,5,15),DA
returns the
YIELD return the yield of a security that ha
yield on a
date of May 15th, 2021, a rate of 5%
security that
frequency of 2 (semi-annual), and a
pays periodic
interest.

YIELDDISC YIELDDISC is Syntax: YIELDDISC(settlement, mat

an Excel
function used Formula: YIELDDISC(“1/1/2020”, “1/1
to calculate the yield on a security with a settlem
the yield on a a price of 98 per $100 face value, a
discounted and a day count basis of 0.
security. It
takes the
following
arguments:•
Settlement:
The security’s
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settlement
date.•
Maturity: The
security’s
maturity
date.• Price:
The security’s
price per $100
face value.•
Redemption:
The security’s
redemption
value per
$100 face
value.• Basis:
The type of
day count
basis to use.

YIELDMAT YIELDMAT is Syntax: YIELDMAT(settlement, matu

an Excel [basis])
function used
to calculate Formula: YIELDMAT(A2, B2, C2, D2
the yield of a settlement date, B2 is the maturity d
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security that price, F2 is the redemption value, G
pays periodic
interest. It is
used to
calculate the
yield of a
bond or other
security on a
given date.

Compatibility Functions

Working with Older Excel Versions: Compatibility functions act as bridges

between spreadsheets created in different Excel versions. These functions
offer alternative names for functions that have been renamed in newer
versions. Using them guarantees your formulas work correctly even when
opened in older Excel, ensuring seamless collaboration and data exchange.

Compatibility functions are provided for functions that have been

renamed in newer versions of Excel.
Using these functions ensures your spreadsheets work correctly if
opened in older Excel versions.
 If backward compatibility is not essential, it’s recommended to use
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Function Description Syntax and Form

Syntax: BETAD
which the prob
evaluated.alpha
The BETADIST function in Excel distribution.bet
returns the cumulative beta distribution.A: O
probability density function or distribution.B: O
BETADIST the probability that a variable, distribution.
which follows a beta distribution,
Formula: BETA
is less than or equal to a
the probability
specified value.
distribution wit
or equal to 2. T
distribution is 0
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Syntax: BETAIN

The BETAINV function returns the Formula: BETA

inverse of the cumulative beta 0.5, which is th
BETAINV
probability density function probability den
(BETA.DIST). alpha of 2, beta
upper bound of

Syntax:
BINOMDIST(nu

The BINOMDIST function in Excel Formula: To ca

BINOMDIST calculates the individual term successes in 5
binomial distribution probability. 0.4, the formula
be:BINOMDIST
0.3456.
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CHIDIST is an Excel function that
returns the one-tailed probability Syntax: CHIDIS
of the chi-squared distribution.
The syntax for CHIDIST Formula: To fin
CHIDIST is:CHIDIST(x,deg_freedom)Where value of 10 with
x is the value at which to would be:=CHI
evaluate the distribution, and 0.07523524614
deg_freedom is the number of
degrees of freedom.

Syntax: CHIINV

The Excel CHIINV function Formula: To ca

returns the inverse of the left- probability of th
CHIINV
tailed probability of the chi- probability of 0
squared distribution. the following Fo
11.070.

The CHITEST function in

Microsoft Excel is used to Syntax: CHITES
CHITEST calculate the test for
Formula: CHITE
independence of two ranges of
categorical data.
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CONFIDENCE is an Excel function
that calculates the confidence
interval for a population mean,
using a normal distribution. It Syntax: CONFI
takes three arguments: alpha,
Formula: CONF
standard_dev, and size.Alpha is
CONFIDENCE would calculate
the significance level used to
population with
compute the confidence level. It
sample size of
is a number between 0 and
1.Standard_dev is the standard
deviation for the population.Size
is the sample size.

COVAR is an Excel function that Syntax: COVAR

calculates the covariance
between two sets of data. It is Formula: COVA
COVAR
used to measure the linear calculate the co
relationship between two range A1:A5 an
variables.

CRITBINOM The CRITBINOM function returns Syntax: CRITBI

the smallest value for which the
cumulative binomial distribution Formula: CRITB
would return th
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is greater than or equal to a cumulative bino
criterion value. probability of s
to 0.95. The res

Syntax: EXPON
The EXPONDIST function returns
the exponential distribution for a Formula: EXPO
EXPONDIST
specified value, lambda, and the cumulative
cumulative. lambda=3.

The FDIST function in Excel is a Syntax: FDIST(

statistical function that returns
the F probability distribution. It Formula: FDIST
FDIST
returns the probability that the probability that
random variable has a value between 2 and
between two specified values.

FINV FINV is an Excel function used to Syntax: FINV(p

calculate the inverse of the F- degrees_freedo
Distribution.
Formula: FINV(
return the inver
probability of 0
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numerator, and
denominator.

The FTEST function returns the

result of an F-test. An F-test is a Syntax: FTEST
FTEST type of statistical test that is used
Formula: FTEST
to compare the variances of two
data sets.

GAMMADIST is an Excel function Syntax: GAMM

that calculates the Gamma
Formula: GAMM
GAMMADIST probability density function or
calculate the cu
the cumulative Gamma
2, alpha = 3, an
distribution.

Syntax: GAMM
The GAMMAINV function returns
Formula: GAMM
GAMMAINV the inverse of the gamma
the inverse of t
cumulative distribution.
a probability of

HYPGEOMDIST The HYPGEOMDIST function Syntax: HYPGE

returns the hypergeometric population_s, n
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distribution. It is used to calculate Formula: HYPG
the probability of a given number returns the pro
of successes in a sample of a 5 taken from a
given size, taken from a successes.
population of a given size
containing a certain number of
successes.

LOGINV is an Excel function that Syntax: LOGINV

returns the inverse of the
LOGINV
lognormal cumulative Formula: LOGIN
distribution.

Syntax: LOGNO
The LOGNORMDIST function in
Formula: To fin
Microsoft Excel returns the
distribution for
LOGNORMDIST cumulative log-normal
and a standard
distribution for a given set of
be: LOGNORMD
parameters.
formula is 0.788
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MODE: The MODE function Syntax: MODE(
returns the most frequently
MODE
occurring, or repetitive, value in Formula: MODE
an array or range of data.

Syntax: NEGBI
The NEGBINOMDIST function probability_s)
returns the probability of a given
Formula: To ca
number of failures occurring
NEGBINOMDIST occurring befor
before a specified number of
experiment with
successes in a negative binomial
formula would
experiment.
result would be

Syntax: NORM
NORMDIST is a statistical cumulative)
function in Microsoft Excel which
NORMDIST returns the normal cumulative Formula: To fin
distribution for a specified mean for a mean of 1
and standard deviation. formula would

NORMINV The NORMINV function returns Syntax: NORM

the inverse of the normal
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cumulative distribution for a Formula: To fin
given mean and standard cumulative dist
deviation. mean of 10 and
formula would
would be 10.

The NORMSDIST function returns

the cumulative normal Syntax: NORM
distribution for a given value. It is
Formula: To ca
NORMSDIST used to calculate the probability
variable will tak
that a random variable will take a
the formula wo
value less than or equal to a
given value.

Syntax: NORM
NORMSINV is an Excel function
that calculates the inverse of the Formula: To ca
standard normal cumulative normal cumulat
NORMSINV distribution. It returns the value 0.5, the formula
of the inverse standard normal would return a
distribution for a given standard norma
probability. probability of 0
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Syntax: PERCE
The PERCENTILE function returns
Formula: PERC
PERCENTILE the k-th percentile of values in a
returns the 50t
range.
through A10.

Syntax: PERCE
The PERCENTRANK function in
Excel returns the rank of a value Formula: PERC
PERCENTRANK
in a data set as a percentage of will return the r
the data set. percentage of t

Syntax: POISSO
number of even
The POISSON function in Excel number of even
calculates the probability of a determines the
given number of events cumulative, FAL
POISSON
occurring in a fixed period of
Formula: POISS
time, given the average rate of
calculate the pr
occurrence.
fixed period of
occurrence is 6
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The QUARTILE function returns Syntax: QUART
the quartile of a given set of data.
QUARTILE Formula: QUAR
Quartiles divide a set of data into
the second qua
four equal parts.

Syntax: RANK(

The RANK function in Excel is Formula: RANK

RANK used to return the rank of a function will ret
number within a set of numbers. within the rang
order.

STDEV is an Excel function that

calculates the standard deviation Syntax: STDEV
of a set of numbers. It is used to
STDEV Formula: STDE
measure the amount of variation
example would
or dispersion from the average of
a set of values.

STDEVP STDEVP is a statistical function in Syntax: STDEV

Microsoft Excel that calculates
the standard deviation of a Formula: STDE
which is the sta
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population based on a sample of 4, 6, 8).
numbers.

Syntax: TDIST(
The TDIST function returns the
Formula: TDIST
TDIST probability associated with a
probability asso
Student’s t-distribution.
for x=2, degree

TINV is an Excel function used to Syntax: TINV(p

calculate the inverse of the t-
Formula: TINV(
distribution. It is used to calculate
TINV critical value of
the critical value of the t-
freedom and a
distribution, given a certain
is 1.81246.
significance level.

TTEST TTEST Function:The TTEST Syntax: TTEST

function calculates the first array of da
probability associated with the data.Tails: The
Student’s t-test. The Student’s t- default value is
test is used to determine whether default value is
two samples are likely to have
come from the same two Formula: TTES
calculate the pr
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underlying populations that have Student’s t-test
the same mean. and B2:B7, usin

Syntax: VAR(nu
The VAR function in Excel is used
VAR to calculate the variance of a set Formula: VAR(2
of values. variance of the

VARP is an Excel function that Syntax: VARP(v

calculates the variance of a
VARP
population based on a set of Formula: VARP
values.

The WEIBULL function in Excel Syntax: WEIBU

calculates the Weibull probability
Formula: WEIB
WEIBULL density function or the Weibull
calculate the W
cumulative distribution function
with x = 2, alph
for a supplied set of parameters.
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Syntax: ZTEST
The ZTEST function in Excel
calculates the one-tailed Formula:=ZTES
ZTEST
probability-value (P-value) of a tailed P-value o
z-test. A1 to A50 in Exc

Cube Functions

Unlock the Secrets of Multidimensional Data Analysis with Cube Functions,

specifically designed for PivotTables. Explore data relationships, interact with
different dimensions, and create dynamic reports to gain deeper insights
from your complex datasets. (Note: Requires knowledge of PivotTables)

Specifically designed for PivotTables.

Explore data relationships and interact with different dimensions.
Create dynamic reports for deeper insights from complex datasets.

Function Description Syntax and Fo

CUBEKPIMEMBER CUBEKPIMEMBER is an Syntax:

Excel function that CUBEKPIMEM
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returns a key kpi_name)
performance indicator
(KPI) value from an OLAP Formula: CUB
cube. Cube”, “Sales
value from th

The CUBEMEMBER Syntax: CUBE

function returns member_nam
CUBEMEMBER information about a
Formula: CUB
member or tuple within a
“Product[Bev
cube.
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Syntax:
CUBEMEMBE
member_nam
The
Formula:
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY
CUBEMEMBE
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY function returns a
Cube”, “[Prod
property value for a given
“UniqueName
cube member.
the unique na
“[Product].[Pr
“Sales Cube”

Syntax: CUBE
The rank [, [ascen
CUBERANKEDMEMBER
Formula: To r
function is a Microsoft
value in the s
CUBERANKEDMEMBER Excel function that
following form
returns the nth item in a
CUBERANKED
set, based on its rank in
descending)T
the set.
is 3.
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Syntax: CUBE
The CUBESET function is set_expressio
used to create a set of
CUBESET Formula: CUB
members or tuples from a
“[Measures].[
cube.
Quantity Sale

Syntax: CUBE
The CUBESETCOUNT
Formula: CUB
function in Excel returns
CUBESETCOUNT Cube”)This ex
the number of sets in a
number of se
cube.
“Sales Cube”.

Syntax: CUBE
The CUBEVALUE function cube_ref, field
is a Microsoft Excel
CUBEVALUE function that returns a Formula: CUB
value from an OLAP “[Sales].[Prod
cube. “Revenue”)
 Database Functions
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Bridge the Gap Between Excel and External Databases. These advanced
tools allow you to retrieve, manipulate, and aggregate data directly from
database tables, streamlining data integration and analysis for power users.

Retrieve, manipulate, and aggregate data directly from database tables.

Requires a basic understanding of database structures and
functionalities.

Function Description Syntax and Formula

DAVERAGE is Syntax: DAVERAGE(database,

an Excel field, criteria)
function that
calculates the Formula: To calculate the average
average of of the prices of all products in the
DAVERAGE
selected database with the category of
database “Fruit”, the following formula can
entries that be used:
meet certain DAVERAGE(A2:E7,5,”Fruit”)
criteria.

DCOUNT DCOUNT: The Syntax: DCOUNT(database, field,

DCOUNT criteria)Database: This is the
function range of cells that makes up the
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counts the list or database. A database is a
cells that list of related data in which rows
contain of related information are records,
numbers in a and columns of data are
database. fields.Field: This is the column in
the database that you want to
count the numbers
in.Criteria: This is an optional
range of cells that contains
criteria.

Formula:
DCOUNT(A1:D10,”Age”,A1:C10)This
example counts the number of
cells in the Age column (column
4) of the database range A1:D10
that meet the criteria in the range
A1:C10.

DCOUNTA DCOUNTA is Syntax: DCOUNTA(database,

an Excel field, criteria)
function that
counts the Formula: DCOUNTA(A1:C10, 1,
“>10”)This example counts the
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number of number of cells in the range
cells in a A1:C10 in the first field (field 1)
database that that contain a number greater
contain than 10.
numbers and
meets a given
set of criteria.

The DGET
function is
used to Syntax: DGET(database, field,
extract a criteria)
single value
Formula: DGET(A1:D10, “Age”,
from a
DGET “Name”=”John”)This example will
specified
return the age of the person
database
named John from the database
record (row)
range A1:D10.
that matches
the given
criteria.

DMAX DMAX is an Syntax: DMAX(database, field,

Excel function criteria)
that returns
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the maximum Formula: DMAX(A1:B10, “Price”,
value from a “Product = Shoes”)This example
specified would return the maximum price
database from the range A1:B10 where the
column that product is equal to “Shoes”.
meets a given
criteria.

The DMIN
function Syntax: DMIN(database, field,
returns the criteria)
smallest
DMIN
number in a Formula: DMIN(A2:C10,”Price”,
set of values “Category=Clothing”)
from a
database.

DPRODUCT The Syntax: DPRODUCT(array1,

DPRODUCT array2, [array3], …)
function
multiplies the Formula:
corresponding DPRODUCT(A1:A3,B1:B3)This
values in two example multiplies the values in
or more cells A1, A2 and A3 with the
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arrays and corresponding values in cells B1,
returns the B2 and B3, and returns the sum of
sum of the the products.
products.

DSTDEV is an
Excel
statistical
function that Syntax: DSTDEV(number1,
calculates the [number2], …)
DSTDEV standard
Formula: DSTDEV(2, 4, 6, 8,
deviation of a
10)Result: 2.82842712474619
population
based on a
sample of
numbers.

DSTDEVP DSTDEVP is a Syntax: DSTDEVP(database, field,

statistical criteria)
function in
Microsoft Formula: To find the standard
Excel that deviation of the population of
returns the people living in a certain city, the
standard following formula could be used:
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deviation of a =DSTDEVP(A1:A100, “population”,
population “city”)
based on a
sample of
data.

DSUM is a Syntax: DSUM(database, field,

function in criteria)
Microsoft
Excel that Formula: DSUM(A1:C10, “Price”,
allows users “Category=Clothing”)This
DSUM
to sum up example will sum up all of the
values in a list values in the “Price” column of
that meet the range A1:C10 that have the
certain category “Clothing”.
criteria.

DVAR The DVAR Syntax: DVAR(database, field,

function in criteria)
Excel
calculates the Formula: To calculate the
variance of a variance of the amount column in
sample set of the table below, where the date is
data. greater than or equal to
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1/1/2020:DVAR(A2:C10, “Amount”,
“Date>=1/1/2020”)

The DVARP
function in
Excel is used Syntax: DVARP(number1,
to calculate [number2],…)
the variance
DVARP
of a Formula: DVARP(2,4,6,8,10)This
population example would return 4.
based on a
sample of
data.

Engineering Functions

Delve into Specialized Engineering Calculations with Excel’s Engineering

Functions. From converting between degrees and radians (DEGREES,
RADIANS) to complex unit conversions (CONVERT), these functions cater to
specific engineering disciplines and provide solutions for advanced technical
calculations.
 Cater to specific engineering disciplines.
Home Perform
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and engineering
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Function Description Syntax and Formula

BESSELI is an Syntax: BESSELI(x,n)x – The val

Excel function for which to calculate the modifi
that returns the Bessel function.n – The order of
modified Bessel modified Bessel function.
function In(x). It
BESSELI Formula: BESSELI(1,2)This formu
is used to
will return the modified Bessel
calculate the
function of the first kind for x = 1
modified Bessel
and order = 2. The result will be
function of the
0.440050585744933.
first kind.

The BESSELJ
function is an
Excel function Syntax: BESSELJ(x,n)
that returns the
BESSELJ Formula: BESSELJ(1,2) returns
Bessel function
0.440050585744933
of the first kind,
Jn, of an order n
and argument x.
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The BESSELK
function is an
Excel function Syntax: BESSELK(x,n)
that returns the
BESSELK Formula: BESSELK(2,3) returns
modified Bessel
0.06899
function K of the
specified order
and argument.

The BESSELY
function is an
Excel function
that calculates
the Bessel Syntax: BESSELY(x,n)
function of the
Formula: BESSELY(2,3)This
first kind, which
BESSELY formula will return the Bessel
is a mathematical
function of the first kind for x = 2
function used to
and n = 3.
solve a variety of
problems in
physics,
engineering, and
mathematics.
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BIN2DEC is an
Excel function Syntax: BIN2DEC(number)
that converts a
BIN2DEC Formula: BIN2DEC(10101) return
binary number to
21
a decimal
number.

The BIN2HEX Syntax: BIN2HEX(number,

function is used [places])
to convert a
BIN2HEX
binary number to Formula: BIN2HEX(10101010,
a hexadecimal 8)Result: AA
number.

BIN2OCT is an Syntax: BIN2OCT(number)

Excel function
BIN2OCT that converts a Formula: BIN2OCT(10101010)
binary number to returns 252
an octal number.

BITAND BITAND is a Syntax: BITAND( number1,

logical function number2)
in Excel that
performs a
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bitwise AND Formula: BITAND(7, 11)This will
operation on two return the result of 7 (111 in binar
numbers. The AND 11 (1011 in binary), which is
syntax for the (11 in binary).
BITAND function
is:
BITAND(number1,
number2).

BITLSHIFT is an
Excel function
that shifts the Syntax: BITLSHIFT(number,
bits of a number shift_amount)
to the left or
Formula: BITLSHIFT(10, 2)This
BITLSHIFT right. It takes two
example shifts the bits of the
arguments: the
number 10 to the left by two bits
number to be
The result is 40.
shifted, and the
number of bits to
shift it.

BITOR BITOR is an Excel Syntax: BITOR(number1, numbe

logical function
that returns a
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bitwise OR of Formula: BITOR(4, 5)This will
two numbers. return 5 as the result.
The syntax for
the BITOR
function is:
BITOR(number1,
number2).

BITRSHIFT is an
Excel function
that shifts the Syntax: BITRSHIFT(number,
bits of a number shift_amount)
to the right. It
Formula: BITRSHIFT(10,2)This
BITRSHIFT takes two
example shifts the bits of the
arguments: the
number 10 two positions to the
number to be
right, resulting in the value 2.
shifted and the
number of
positions to shift.

BITXOR The BITXOR Syntax: BITXOR(number1,

function returns number2)
a bitwise
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‘exclusive or’ of Formula: BITXOR(5,7)This will
two numbers. return 4, as 5 XOR 7 = 4.

The COMPLEX
function is used Syntax: COMPLEX(real_num,
to convert real i_num, [suffix])
COMPLEX and imaginary
Formula: COMPLEX(5,3,”i”)This
coefficients into
return the complex number 5+3i
a complex
number.

Syntax: CONVERT(number,
The CONVERT from_unit, to_unit)
function is used
to convert a Formula: CONVERT(10, “mi”,
CONVERT number from one “km”)This example would conve
unit of 10 miles to kilometers, and the
measurement to result would be 16.09344
another. kilometers.

DEC2BIN DEC2BIN is an Syntax: DEC2BIN(number,

Excel function [places])
that converts a
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decimal (base Formula: DEC2BIN(10, 8) returns
10) number to a 00001010.
binary (base 2)
number.

DEC2HEX is an Syntax: DEC2HEX(number,

Excel function [places])
that converts a
DEC2HEX
decimal number Formula: DEC2HEX(255,2)Resul
to a hexadecimal FF
number.

The DEC2OCT
function is a
mathematical
function in Syntax: DEC2OCT(number, plac
DEC2OCT Microsoft Excel
Formula: DEC2OCT(20,2)Result
that converts a
decimal number
to an octal
number.
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The DELTA
function in Excel Syntax: DELTA(number1, numbe
returns 1 if two
DELTA
values are equal Formula: DELTA(A1, B1)
and 0 if they are
not equal.

The ERF function

returns the error
function
integrated
between two Syntax: ERF(lower_limit,
supplied limits. upper_limit)
The error
Formula: ERF(-1,2)This example
function is a
ERF returns the value of
special function
0.954499736103642, which is th
used in
area under a normal distribution
probability and
curve between -1 and 2.
statistics to
measure the area
under a normal
distribution
curve.
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The ERF.PRECISE
function is an
Excel function
that calculates
the error function
of a given value. Syntax: ERF.PRECISE(x)
The error
function is a Formula: ERF.PRECISE(0.5)This
ERF.PRECISE mathematical formula will return the error
function used to function of 0.5, which is
calculate the 0.5204999.
probability that a
normally
distributed
random variable
will be within a
certain range.

ERFC ERFC is an Excel Syntax: ERFC(number)

function that
returns the Formula: ERFC(0.5)This example
complementary returns the value 0.479500122.
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error function of
a given number.

The
ERFC.PRECISE
function is an
Excel statistical
function that
returns the Syntax: ERFC.PRECISE(lower_lim
complementary upper_limit)
error function
Formula: To calculate the
integrated
complementary error function
ERFC.PRECISE between
integrated between 0 and 1, the
lower_limit and
formula would be:
upper_limit. The
=ERFC.PRECISE(0,1) which retur
complementary
0.842700792949715.
error function is
a special
function used in
statistics and
probability
theory.
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The GESTEP
function returns
a logical value of Syntax: GESTEP(number, step)
TRUE or FALSE
depending on Formula: GESTEP(7, 3)This will
GESTEP
whether a return TRUE as 7 is greater than
number is equal to 3.
greater than or
equal to a given
step value.

Syntax: HEX2BIN(number,
The HEX2BIN [places])
function in Excel
is used to Formula: HEX2BIN(A1, 8)In this
HEX2BIN convert a example, the HEX2BIN function w
hexadecimal convert the hexadecimal numbe
number to a cell A1 to a binary number with 8
binary number. places.

HEX2DEC HEX2DEC is an Syntax: HEX2DEC(number)

Excel function
that converts a
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hexadecimal Formula: HEX2DEC(“FF”) return
number to its 255
decimal
equivalent.

The HEX2OCT Syntax: HEX2OCT(number)

function in Excel
is used to Formula: HEX2OCT(A1) where A
HEX2OCT convert a contains the hexadecimal numbe
hexadecimal “F1” will return the octal number
number to an “361”.
octal number.

The IMABS
function is an
Excel function Syntax: IMABS(inumber)
IMABS that returns the
Formula: IMABS(5+3i)Result: 5
absolute value of
a complex
number.

IMAGINARY The IMAGINARY Syntax: IMAGINARY(inumber)

function returns
the imaginary Formula: IMAGINARY(2+3i)This
formula will return 3, which is th
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coefficient of a imaginary coefficient of the
complex number complex number 2+3i.
in Excel.

The
IMARGUMENT
function returns
the argument Syntax: IMARGUMENT(inumber)
theta, which is
IMARGUMENT the angle Formula: IMARGUMENT(2+3i)
associated with returns 0.982793723247329
the complex
number in x + iy
(x and y are real
numbers).

The
IMCONJUGATE Syntax: IMCONJUGATE(inumbe
function returns
IMCONJUGATE Formula:
the complex
IMCONJUGATE(2+4i)Result: 2-4
conjugate of a
complex number.
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Syntax: IMCOS(number)
The IMCOS
function returns Formula: To calculate the cosine
IMCOS the cosine of an 2 radians, use the following
angle given in Formula:=IMCOS(2)The result
radians. would be -0.41614683654714.

The IMCOSH
function returns Syntax: IMCOSH(inumber)
the hyperbolic
IMCOSH cosine of a Formula: IMCOSH(1+2i)Result:
complex number 3.76219 + 0.96623i
in x + yi or x + yj
text format.

IMCOT is an
Excel function Syntax: IMCOT(inumber)
that returns the
IMCOT
imaginary part of Formula: IMCOT(2+3i)Result: -3
a complex
number.
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The IMCSC
function is used
to calculate the Syntax: IMCSC(inumber)
complex
IMCSC
conjugate of a Formula: IMCSC(2+3i)Result: 2-
complex number
in Microsoft
Excel.

Syntax: IMCSCHEDULE(principa
interest, payments, start_period,
EDULEThe end_period, type)
IMCSCHEDULE
function in Formula: To calculate the numbe
Microsoft Excel of payments for a loan of $1000
is used to with an interest rate of 5% and a
IMCSCH
calculate the payment period of 12 months, th
number of following formula can be
payments for a used:IMCSCHEDULE(1000, 0.05
loan or an 12, 1, 12, 0)The result of this
annuity. formula will be 12, meaning that
loan will have 12 payments.
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The IMDIV Syntax: IMDIV(inumber1, inumbe
function returns
the result of a Formula: To divide the imaginary
IMDIV complex number numbers 5i and 2i, the formula
division in the would be:=IMDIV(5i,2i)The resul
imaginary would be 2.5i.
number format.

The IMEXP
function is an Syntax: IMEXP(filename,
Excel function [worksheet], [start_row],
that imports data [start_column], [import_type],
from a text file [import_options])
IMEXP into a worksheet.
It is a useful tool Formula: IMEXP(“C:\mydata.txt”
for importing “Sheet1”, 1, 1, “Delimited”,
data from other “FieldsPerRecord=4”)
sources into
Excel.

IMLN IMLN: The IMLN Syntax: IMLN(matrix)

function returns
the inverse Formula: IMLN(A1:B2)Where A1:
is a 2×2 matrix containing the
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matrix logarithm values 1, 2, 3 and 4. The result o
of a matrix. this formula would be the invers
matrix logarithm of the matrix.

The IMLOG10 Syntax: IMLOG10(number)

function returns
Formula: IMLOG10(100)The resu
IMLOG10 the logarithm of
of this formula is 2, as the
a number to the
logarithm of 100 to the base 10 i
base 10.
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IMLOG2 is an
Excel function
used to calculate
the binary
logarithm of a Syntax: IMLOG2(number)
number. The
Formula: IMLOG2(8)This formula
IMLOG2 function takes a
will return 3, as the binary
single argument,
logarithm of 8 is 3.
which is the
number for
which the binary
logarithm is to be
calculated.

The IMPOWER
function is an
Excel function Syntax: IMPOWER(number, pow
that returns the
IMPOWER Formula: IMPOWER(2,3)This wil
given number
return 8, as 2 to the power of 3 i
raised to the
power of another
number.
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The IMPRODUCT Syntax:
function returns IMPRODUCT(inumber1,inumber2
the product of
IMPRODUCT Formula:
two or more
IMPRODUCT(2+3i,4+5i)This wou
complex
return 22+22i.
numbers.

IMREAL is an
Excel function Syntax: IMREAL(number)
that returns
Formula: IMREAL(3.14)This
IMREAL TRUE if a number
example would return TRUE as 3
is a real number
is a real number.
and FALSE if it is
not.

The IMSEC Syntax: IMSEC(time)

function returns
IMSEC the number of Formula: IMSEC(“12:30:15”) retu
seconds in a 45015.
given time.

IMSECH The IMSECH Syntax: IMSECH(number)

function returns
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the inverse Formula: IMSECH(0.5)The result
hyperbolic this function is 1.3169578969248
secant of a given
number.

Syntax: IMSINV(array)
VThe IMSINV
Formula:
function returns
IMSINV({1,2,3;4,5,6;7,8,9}) return
the inverse of the
IMSIN the inverse of the matrix
matrix which is
{1,2,3;4,5,6;7,8,9} as {-0.222, 0.1
provided as an
0.333; 0.167, -0.056, -0.139; 0.05
argument.
0.167, -0.056}.

The IMSINH Syntax: IMSINH(number)

function returns
IMSINH the hyperbolic Formula: IMSINH(2) returns
sine of a given 1.919154444
number.

IMSQRT IMSQRT is an Syntax: IMSQRT(inumber)inumb

Excel function – A complex number for which y
that returns the want to find the imaginary
imaginary component of the square root.
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component of Formula: IMSQRT(2+3i)This will
the square root return 1.5i, which is the imaginar
of a complex component of the square root of
number. 2+3i.

The IMSUB Syntax: IMSUB(array1, array2)

function returns
Formula: IMSUB(A1:A5, B1:B5)Th
the difference
IMSUB formula will return the difference
between two
between the two arrays A1:A5 an
arrays of any
B1:B5.
size.

The IMSUM Syntax: IMSUM(array, criteria)

function
calculates the Formula: IMSUM(A1:A10,
IMSUM sum of an array “>50”)This formula will sum all t
of numbers numbers in the range A1:A10 tha
based on a given are greater than 50.
set of conditions.

IMTAN The IMTAN Syntax: IMTAN(x)

function returns
the modified
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Bessel function Formula: IMTAN(2)This example
of the first kind, returns the value
which is a 0.2078795763507619.
mathematical
function used to
solve differential
equations.

Syntax: OCT2BIN(number,
OCT2BIN is an [places])number: The octal num
Excel function that you want to convert to a bin
OCT2BIN that converts an number.places: (optional) The
octal number to a number of characters to use.
binary number.
Formula: OCT2BIN(11)Result: 101

The OCT2DEC Syntax: OCT2DEC(number)

function converts
an octal number Formula: OCT2DEC(77)This
OCT2DEC
to a decimal example would return the decim
number in number 63.
Microsoft Excel.
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The OCT2HEX Syntax:OCT2HEX(number,
function converts [places])
OCT2HEX an octal number
to a hexadecimal Formula:OCT2HEX(11, 4)Result:
number.

Web Functions

Bring the Power of the Web Directly into Your Spreadsheet with Web
Functions! These tools allow you to retrieve data from web pages in real-
time, keeping your spreadsheets dynamic and up-to-date with the latest
information. (Requires internet connection and may be affected by website
availability)

Retrieve data from web pages in real-time.

Requires internet connection and may be affected by website
availability.
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ENCODEURL
is an Excel
function that
encodes a Syntax: ENCODEURL(text)
string of text
into a URL- Formula: ENCODEURL(“www.example
ENCODEURL
safe format. q=hello world”)Result:
This is useful www.example.com/search%3Fq%3Dh
when
creating a
hyperlink in a
cell.

The
FILTERXML
function in
Excel is used Syntax: FILTERXML(xml, xpath)
to extract
FILTERXML Formula: FILTERXML(“Dr. Seuss”,”/boo
data from an
result of this formula would be “The C
XML string,
based on an
XPath
expression.
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The
WEBSERVICE
function is Syntax: WEBSERVICE(url)
used to
WEBSERVICE retrieve data Formula:
from a web WEBSERVICE(“https://www.example.c
service in an
Excel
worksheet.

Conclusion: Mastering the Art of Excel Functions

Congratulations! You’ve embarked on a journey to conquer the vast

landscape of Excel functions. This guide has equipped you with a
foundational understanding of the core categories and their key
functionalities.

Remember, this is just the beginning! As you delve deeper into Excel, you’ll
discover a treasure trove of even more specialized functions catering to
specific needs. Here are some tips to solidify your Excel mastery:

Practice Makes Perfect: Experiment with the functions covered in this

guide. Create sample spreadsheets and play around with different
 formulas to solidify your understanding.
Home Explore
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Resources:
Tutorials internet is brimmingPremium
TheTemplates with tutorials,
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examples, and cheat sheets for Excel functions. Utilize these resources
to expand your knowledge and tackle more complex tasks.
Don’t Be Afraid to Experiment: The beauty of Excel lies in its versatility.
Don’t be afraid to combine functions and explore creative solutions to
your data analysis challenges.

With dedication and practice, you’ll transform from a spreadsheet novice to a

data analysis guru. So, fire up Excel, unleash the power of functions, and
unlock the hidden insights within your data!
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