Selenium Cheat Sheet with Python
Setup
Install Selenium
pip install selenium
WebDriver Setup
Chrome
webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="path/to/chromedriver")
Firefox
webdriver.Firefox(executable_path="path/to/geckodriver")
Microsoft Edge
webdriver.Safari(executable_path="path/to/safaridriver")
Safari (Only Mac)
webdriver.Edge(executable_path="path/to/msedgedriver")
PyTest
Install Pytest
pip install pytest
Basic Test
import pytest
def test_example():
assert 1 + 1 == 2
Run Tests
pytest test_file.py
Run Specific Test
pytest -k "test_name"
Run Tests in a Directory
pytest tests/
Markers
@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_smoke_case():
assert True
Run Specific Marker
pytest -m smoke
Unittest
Import Unittest
import unittest
Create a Test Case
class TestExample(unittest.TestCase):
def test_addition(self):
self.assertEqual(1 + 1, 2)
Run Tests
python -m unittest test_file.py
Setup and Teardown
class TestExample(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# Setup code pass
def tearDown(self):
# Teardown code pass
Run All Tests in a Directory
python -m unittest discover tests/
Assert Methods
assertEqual(a, b)
assertNotEqual(a, b)
assertTrue(x)
assertFalse(x)
assertIs(a, b)
assertIsNot(a, b)
Locators
By ID
driver.find_element(By.ID, "id_value")
By Name
driver.find_element(By.NAME, "name_value")
By Class Name
driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "class_value")
By Tag Name
driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "tag_value")
By Link Text
driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "link_text_value")
By Partial Link Text
driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "partial_link")
By CSS Selector
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "css_selector")
By XPath
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "xpath_value")
Interactions
Click an Element
button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "button_id")
button.click()
Input Text
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "input_id")
element.send_keys("Your text")
Clear Text
element.clear()
Submit a Form
form = driver.find_element(By.ID, "form_id")
form.submit()
Waits
Implicit Wait
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
Explicit Wait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
element = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "elementId")))
Handling Alerts
Switch to Alert
alert = driver.switch_to.alert
Accept Alert
alert.accept()
Dismiss Alert
alert.dismiss()
Get Alert Text
alert_text = alert.text
print(alert_text)
Handling Frames
Switch to a Frame
driver.switch_to.frame("frame_name_or_id")
Switch to a Frame by Index
driver.switch_to.frame(0)
Switch to a Frame using a WebElement
frame_element = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//iframe[@id='frame_id']")
driver.switch_to.frame(frame_element)
Switch to Parent Frame
driver.switch_to.parent_frame()
Switch to Default Content
driver.switch_to.default_content()
Handling Dropdowns
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
Select by Visible Text
dropdown = Select(driver.find_element(By.ID, "dropdown_id"))
dropdown.select_by_visible_text("Option Text")
Select by Index
dropdown.select_by_index(2)
Select by Value
dropdown.select_by_value("option_value")
Browser Navigation
Navigate to URL
driver.get("https://example.com")
Back
driver.back()
Forward
driver.forward()
Refresh Page
driver.refresh()
Close Current Window
driver.close()
Quit Entire Session
driver.quit()
Browser Window Management
Get the Current Window Handle
current_window = driver.current_window_handle
Get All Window Handles
all_windows = driver.window_handles
Switch to a Specific Window
driver.switch_to.window(window_handle)
Switch to the Newly Created Window
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[-1])
Fullscreen Window
driver.fullscreen_window()
Minimize Window
driver.minimize_window()
Maximize Window
driver.maximize_window()
Get Window Size
size = driver.get_window_size()
Set Window Position
driver.set_window_position(100, 200)
Cookies
Add Cookie
cookie = {"name": "test_cookie", "value": "cookie_value"}
driver.add_cookie(cookie)
Get All Cookies
cookies = driver.get_cookies()
Delete Cookie
driver.delete_cookie("test_cookie")
Delete All Cookies
driver.delete_all_cookies()
Taking Screenshot
Full Page
driver.save_screenshot("full_page_screenshot.png")
WebElement Screenshot
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "element_id")
element.screenshot("element_screenshot.png")
Working with Files
Upload a File
file_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "file_upload_id")
file_input.send_keys("/path/to/your/file.txt")
Read Data from a Text File
with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
content = file.read()
print(content)
Read Data from a CSV File
import csv
with open("example.csv", "r") as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
for row in reader:
print("Row:", row)
Read Data from an Excel File (openpyxl)
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
for row in sheet.iter_rows(values_only=True):
print(row)
Read Data from an Excel File (pandas)
import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_excel("example.xlsx")
for index, row in data.iterrows():
print(f"Row {index}: {row}")
JavaScript Execution
driver.execute_script("JavaScript code here")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].setAttribute('disabled', 'true')", field)
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].removeAttribute('disabled')", field)
Selenium Grid
Start Hub
java -jar selenium-server.jar hub
Start Node
java -jar selenium-server.jar node --hub http://localhost:4444
Server
http://localhost:4444/ui
Best Practices
Use explicit waits over implicit waits for better performance.
Handle exceptions to avoid flaky tests.
Always quit the WebDriver.
