Class 9 Science – Chapter 5: The Fundamental Unit

of Life

100 Questions with Answer Key

Multiple Choice Questions (25)

1 1. Who discovered the cell? (a) Robert Hooke (b) Leeuwenhoek (c) Schleiden (d) Schwann
2 2. Which cell organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell? (a) Nucleus (b) Mitochondria (c)
Ribosome (d) Golgi body
3 3. Plant cells differ from animal cells by having: (a) Mitochondria (b) Nucleus (c) Cell wall (d)
Cytoplasm
4 4. Which is the structural and functional unit of life? (a) Tissue (b) Organ (c) Cell (d) Organ
system
5 5. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? (a) Chloroplast (b) Ribosome (c)
Lysosome (d) Nucleus
6 6. The jelly-like substance inside the cell is called: (a) Cytoplasm (b) Nucleoplasm (c)
Protoplasm (d) None
7 7. Who proposed the cell theory? (a) Schleiden & Schwann (b) Darwin (c) Mendel (d) Watson &
Crick
8 8. Which cell organelle is called the ‘suicidal bag’? (a) Ribosome (b) Lysosome (c) Golgi body
(d) Vacuole
9 9. Ribosomes are sites of: (a) Respiration (b) Photosynthesis (c) Protein synthesis (d) Lipid
synthesis
10 10. Which structure controls cell activities? (a) Cytoplasm (b) Mitochondria (c) Nucleus (d)
Ribosome
11 11. The living substance of the cell is: (a) Protoplasm (b) Cytoplasm (c) Plasma membrane (d)
Nucleolus
12 12. Which is the outermost boundary in plant cells? (a) Cell wall (b) Plasma membrane (c)
Cytoplasm (d) Nucleus
13 13. Which cell organelle packages proteins? (a) Golgi apparatus (b) Ribosome (c) Lysosome
(d) Chloroplast
14 14. Which organelle is absent in prokaryotes? (a) Mitochondria (b) Ribosomes (c) Plasma
membrane (d) DNA
15 15. The fluid mosaic model is related to: (a) Plasma membrane (b) Nucleus (c) Chloroplast (d)
Golgi body
16 16. Cell wall is made of: (a) Cellulose (b) Protein (c) Lipid (d) Starch
17 17. Mitochondria are known as: (a) Suicidal bags (b) Powerhouse (c) Kitchen of cell (d) Brain of
cell
18 18. Which organelle detoxifies harmful substances? (a) Ribosome (b) ER (c) Lysosome (d)
Golgi
19 19. The site of lipid synthesis is: (a) Smooth ER (b) Rough ER (c) Ribosome (d) Nucleus
20 20. Which organelle is double membraned? (a) Lysosome (b) Mitochondria (c) Ribosome (d)
Golgi body
21 21. Cell theory states: (a) All cells arise from pre-existing cells (b) Cells are immortal (c) Cells
can’t divide (d) None
22 22. Which is the brain of the cell? (a) Nucleus (b) Ribosome (c) Mitochondria (d) Golgi
23 23. Vacuoles are more prominent in: (a) Animal cells (b) Plant cells (c) Both (d) None
24 24. Which organelle has its own DNA? (a) Mitochondria (b) Nucleus (c) Lysosome (d) Vacuole
25 25. Plasmolysis occurs due to: (a) Endosmosis (b) Exosmosis (c) Active transport (d) Diffusion
Very Short Answer Questions (25)
1 1. Define a cell.
2 2. Who discovered nucleus?
3 3. Name two cell organelles with double membranes.
4 4. What is cytoplasm?
5 5. Define prokaryotic cell.
6 6. Give one difference between rough ER and smooth ER.
7 7. Which organelle stores hereditary material?
8 8. Name the structural unit of life.
9 9. What is the function of ribosomes?
10 10. Write one function of Golgi apparatus.
11 11. What is plasmolysis?
12 12. Define diffusion.
13 13. Define osmosis.
14 14. Name two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
15 15. Give one function of vacuoles.
16 16. Who gave the term ‘cell’?
17 17. Name two parts of protoplasm.
18 18. What is the function of chloroplasts?
19 19. Name one organelle absent in animal cells.
20 20. Which organelle is called the protein factory?
21 21. Write one similarity between mitochondria and plastids.
22 22. What is the role of the plasma membrane?
23 23. Give one difference between plant and animal cells.
24 24. Name one example of unicellular organism.
25 25. State one point of cell theory.

Short Answer Questions (25)

1 1. State three points of cell theory.
2 2. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3 3. Explain the structure and function of plasma membrane.
4 4. What is osmosis? Give an example.
5 5. Describe the functions of mitochondria.
6 6. Write three differences between plant cell and animal cell.
7 7. Describe the structure of nucleus.
8 8. Why is the cell called the structural unit of life?
9 9. Explain plasmolysis with an example.
10 10. State two functions of endoplasmic reticulum.
11 11. What is the role of Golgi apparatus in the cell?
12 12. Describe the structure and function of ribosomes.
13 13. Why are lysosomes called suicidal bags?
14 14. Mention three functions of vacuoles.
15 15. What are plastids? Name their types.
16 16. Write differences between diffusion and osmosis.
17 17. State one function each of RER and SER.
18 18. Write three functions of plasma membrane.
19 19. Define active transport with an example.
20 20. How do substances move across plasma membrane?
21 21. What is cell wall made of? State its function.
22 22. Name two cell organelles with their own DNA.
23 23. Explain the fluid mosaic model.
24 24. Differentiate between chromatin and chromosomes.
25 25. Write two functions of nucleolus.
Long Answer Questions (25)
1 1. Explain in detail the structure and function of the nucleus.
2 2. Describe the structure of the cell with a labeled diagram.
3 3. Differentiate between plant cell and animal cell with diagrams.
4 4. Explain the process of plasmolysis with an example and diagram.
5 5. Describe in detail the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane.
6 6. Discuss the structure and function of mitochondria with diagram.
7 7. Write an essay on cell theory. How has it evolved?
8 8. Explain the structure and function of plastids with diagrams.
9 9. Describe the role of endoplasmic reticulum in the cell.
10 10. Explain in detail the process of diffusion and osmosis with examples.
11 11. What are lysosomes? Describe their functions in detail.
12 12. Discuss the similarities and differences between mitochondria and plastids.
13 13. Explain active transport with suitable examples.
14 14. Describe the role of vacuoles in plant cells.
15 15. Write an account of prokaryotic cells with example.
16 16. Write an account of eukaryotic cells with example.
17 17. Explain the importance of the cell as the fundamental unit of life.
18 18. Describe the discovery of the cell and contributions of scientists.
19 19. Explain the role of Golgi apparatus in secretory processes.
20 20. Write a detailed note on ribosomes and their functions.
21 21. Describe the different types of plastids and their functions.
22 22. Write the structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells with diagram.
23 23. How does exchange of material occur through plasma membrane?
24 24. Explain the structure and role of the cell wall in plant cells.
25 25. Write a detailed account on cell organelles and their functions.
 Answer Key

Multiple Choice Questions (25)

1 1. (a) Robert Hooke
2 2. (b) Mitochondria
3 3. (c) Cell wall
4 4. (c) Cell
5 5. (a) Chloroplast
6 6. (a) Cytoplasm
7 7. (a) Schleiden & Schwann
8 8. (b) Lysosome
9 9. (c) Protein synthesis
10 10. (c) Nucleus
11 11. (a) Protoplasm
12 12. (a) Cell wall
13 13. (a) Golgi apparatus
14 14. (a) Mitochondria
15 15. (a) Plasma membrane
16 16. (a) Cellulose
17 17. (b) Powerhouse
18 18. (b) ER
19 19. (a) Smooth ER
20 20. (b) Mitochondria
21 21. (a) All cells arise from pre-existing cells
22 22. (a) Nucleus
23 23. (b) Plant cells
24 24. (a) Mitochondria
25 25. (b) Exosmosis

Very Short Answer Questions (Sample Answers)

1 1. A cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
2 2. Robert Brown.
3 3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts.
4 4. Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid inside the cell.
5 5. Cells without a true nucleus, e.g., bacteria.
6 6. RER has ribosomes, SER does not.
7 7. Nucleus.
8 8. Cell.
9 9. Protein synthesis.
10 10. Packaging and transport of proteins.
11 11. Shrinkage of cytoplasm due to exosmosis.
12 12. Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
13 13. Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
14 14. RER and SER.
15 15. Storage of substances.
16 16. Robert Hooke.
17 17. Cytoplasm and nucleus.
18 18. Photosynthesis.
19 19. Cell wall.
20 20. Ribosomes.
21 21. Both have DNA and double membranes.
22 22. Controls entry and exit of materials.
23 23. Plant cells have cell wall, animal cells don’t.
24 24. Amoeba.
25 25. All organisms are made of cells.